• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.981-989
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• 1997

In this paper, the 5-element active phased array antennas coupled through slotline between elements are designed and fabricated. A recent studies on the active phased array antennas using the transmission line coupling which can be designed to provide strong coupling and the appropriate coupling phase. But this sturucture has limitation of expanding in two dimensions for planar active phased array antennas and distortion of the radiation pattern caused by coupling network. Thus our work proposes the slotline coupling structure asthe broadband coupling network for the active phased array antenna. In experiment, 5-elements active phased array antenas have steering range from -30.deg. to 20.deg. off broadside as the free-running frequencies of end elements are controlled. The overall results show that the proposed slotline coupling structure is suited for the coupling network in the actie phased array antenna system. And the proposed coupling structire solves the expansion problem and eliminates the distortion of the radiation pattern caused by the spurious radiation of the transmission line coupling network. Thus thiscan be expanded to two dimensional coupling network for the planar active phased array antenna system.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.519-522
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• 2002

An active phased array antenna consists of many channels. Each channel has a different initial phase shift and gain because of the inequality in the active circuits themselves, interface between radiators and active circuits, and beam-forming circuits and other antenna system configurations. This raises an inherent problem in active phased array antennas. To compensate for this problem the initial phase and gain of each channel should be calibrated. This paper presents an efficient calibration method for an initial phase variation of each channel in active phased array antennas. We tested our method in an active phased array antenna, and obtained good results in the radiation pattern and beam direction of antenna.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.715-718
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• 2002

TX/RX dual microstrip 1$\times$8 sub-array antennas are designed, fabricated, and measured for a wideband array antennas in communications. They have a Right Handed Circular Polarization (RHCP) for TX from 7.9 to 8.4 GHz and Left Handed Circular Polarization (LHCP) for RX from 7.25 to 7.75 GHz. Two stacked patches are used for a wideband characteristics and cornertruncated square patches are adopted for a circular polarization. To enhance bandwidth characteristics of a circular polarization, 1$\times$2 sequential rotation arrays are applied. From the measured results, 1$\times$8 microstrip sub-array antennas have a good agreement with those of the simulation. Therefore the sub-array antennas are applicable to satellite communication antennas, active phased array antennas, and radiators in other antennas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.94-102
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• 2013

We propose the mirror active element pattern (AEP) method for the radiation pattern computation of linear array antennas versus scan angles. The computation time for the radiation pattern of linear array antennas using the mirror AEP method is reduced by almost half compared to that using the AEP method because the number of AEPs of elements obtained by the full-wave simulation necessary for the radiation pattern computation of linear array antennas is reduced by almost half. The difference between the radiation patterns of linear array antennas obtained by the full-wave simulation and mirror AEP method is very small for wide scan angle range when the radiation pattern of an antenna element is symmetric.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2004

In order to increase the coupling efficiency of the Power and Phase of the active Phase way antenna, we have fabricated the active phased-array antenna which is coupled by the transmission line, and investigated the relationship between the length of the coupling transmission line and coupling power and phase. The following three types of driving method -(1) giving the frequency difference between the two active antenna, (2) applying the input signal to the one side of the two antennas, and changing the eigen frequency of the other side antenna, (3) appling the different phase inputs to the active antennas was investigated. The experimental results showed that the interval of the antenna elements has not affected the power and the phase of the antenna.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

The radiation characteristics of a pin array patch antenna phased array are compared to those of a conventional patch antenna phased array. The performance of a pin array patch antenna phased array is much improved than that of a conventional patch antenna phased array because the mutual coupling between the adjacent pin array patch antennas is very small compared to that between the adjacent conventional patch antennas. The radiation characteristics of a pin array patch antenna phased array show the superior performance such as low variation of the gain of the main beam and the side lobe level for the variation of the direction of the main beam.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.636-643
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• 2023

In this paper, a high-speed calibration method for phased array antennas in the far-field is presented A max calibration, which is a simplification of the rotating-element electric-field vector (REV) method that calibrates each antenna element only through received power, and a method of grouping calibrations by sub-array unit rather than each antenna element were proposed. Using the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, we found a partitioning optimized for the distribution of phased array antennas and calibrated it on a subarray basis. An adaptive max calibration method that allows faster calibration than the conventional method was proposed and verified through simulation. Not only is the gain of the phased array antenna higher while calibration is being made to the target, but the beam pattern is closer to the ideal beam pattern than the conventional method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.12C
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2002

Tx/Rx dual microstrip array antennas for satellite communications are designed, fabricated, and measured in this paper. They have a Right Handed Circular Polarization (RHCP) for Tx and Left Handed Circular Polarization (LHCP) for Rx. Two stacked patches are used for wideband characteristics and corner-truncated square patches are adopted for a circular polarization. To enhance bandwidth characteristics of a circular polarization, 2${\times}$1 sequential rotation mays are applied. From the measured results, 8${\times}$1 microstrip may antennas have a good agreement with those of the simulation. Therefore the array antennas are applicable to satellite communication antennas, active phased may antennas, and radiators in other antennas.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.521-528
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• 2003

A varactor diode was utilized in order to expand variable range of the natural oscillation frequency of an active phased-array antenna. We have conformed experimentally that the variable range of the natural oscillation frequency was expanded about three times in the oscillator controlled by the varactor diode. When frequency difference was given to the oscillators in the two elements antenna system, phase difference was appeared between the oscillators. The 2-, 3-, 5-elements patch antenna array was composed for the beam scanning experiments. All the above patch antennas showed good phased array characteristics. The experimental results are as follows that the scanning angle of the 2-elements array antenna is 28.6$^{\circ}$, the 3-elements array antenna is 29.4$^{\circ}$, and the 5-elements array antenna is 26.2$^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.95-110
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• 2012

The effect of a finite substrate size on the radiation characteristics of a two-element linear E-plane array antenna using microstrip patch antennas is investigated. The average active element pattern characteristics of two-element E-plane array antennas printed on different dielectric constant substrates with various substrate sizes and element spacings are analyzed. Using the average active element pattern, the radiation pattern characteristics of the array antenna versus scan angle is analyzed. The simulation results show that the diffracted fields of surface waves from substrate edges have a significant effect on the radiation characteristics of a 2-element E-plane array antenna. The distance between the center of patch antenna and the substrate edges on the E-plane for the enhancement of radiation characteristics of the array antenna is about $0.35{\lambda}_0$.