• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2001

탈질화 유동층 생물막 반응기에 모래와 활성탄 입자를 담체로 사용한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정상상태 생물막 두께는 부하율이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 2. 활성탄 담체의. 경우 모래 담에의 경우보다 두꺼운 생물막이 형성되었다. 3. 생물막 건조밀도는 생물막 두께가 증가함에 따라 감소 하였다. 4. 모래담체 유동층 생물막 반응기가 질산성질소 제거효율 및 제거속도 면에서 활성탄담체 유동층 생물막 반응기보다 유리하였다. 5. 모래를 담체로 사용하였을 때 반응기 내 최대 균체량은 37 kg/㎥, 최대 질산성질소 제거속도는 21 kg N/㎥d의 값을 각각 나타내었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2017

Phosphorus is one of the limiting nutrients for the growth of phytoplankton and algae and is therefore one of leading causes of eutrophication. Most phosphorous in water is present in the form of phosphates. Different technologies have been applied for phosphate removal from wastewater, such as physical, chemical precipitation by using ferric, calcium or aluminum salts, biological, and adsorption. Adsorption is one of efficient method to remove phosphates in wastewater. To find the optimal media for phosphate removal, physical characteristics of media was analysed, and the phosphate removal efficiency of media (silica sand, slag, zeolite, activated carbon) was also investigated in this study. Silica sand showed highest relative density and wear rate, and phosphate removal efficiency. Silica sand removed about 36% of phosphate. To improve the phosphate removal efficiency of silica sand, Fe coating was conducted. Fe coated silica sand showed 3 times higher removal efficiency than non-coated one.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제4권3_4호
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• pp.29-59
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• 1989

For the purpose of electrolytic treatment of wastewater containing various heavy metals, the BPBE Cell of batch and continuous type was considered and experimented. Some results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. When the artificial wastewater containing 500 mg/l of the concentration of various heavy metallic ion was electrolyzed in BPBE Cell of batch type, the removal efficicency was over 95% in cadmiun (II), lead (II), chromium (Ⅵ) and over 85% in copper (II), chromium (III). 2, As granular activated carbon packed in BPBE Cell, coconut shell was superior to lignite and the removal efficiency was the highest when the activated carbon was 4/6 mesh, the voltage was 20V. 3. When the heavy metallic ion in wastewater was electrolyzed in BPBE Cell of continuous type, about 1,000mg of heavy metal per 1kg of coconut sell could be removed. 4. The treatment method of heavy metallic ion in wastewater by BPBE Cell cost less than in the former chemical treatment method and the coconut shell packed in BPBE Cell could be regenerated by chemical method.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

One of the Musty and earthy smell compounds in raw water is generally attributed to 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). It is well known that activated carbon and oxidants such as $O_3$, Cl $O_2$, are effective ways to control 2-MIB. In isotherm equilibrium experiments, 2-MIB in distilled water was much more adsorbed to the activated carbon(A/C) than raw water containing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The Freundlich constants(k) of distilled water and raw water were 3.36 and 0.049, and 1/n values were 0.80 and 0.42, respectively. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = $e^{-0}$.55x/~ $e^{-0}$.54x/ with Ozone( $O_3$) dose by 5 minutes contact time at the 241 and 353 ng/L initial concentrations. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = $e^{-0}$.32x/~ $e^{-0}$.35x/ with Chlorine dioxide(Cl $O_2$) dose by 15 minutes contact time at the 89 and 249 ng/L initial concentrations. 2-MIB was decreased from 1911 ng/L to 569ng/L by post-ozonation(70%removal efficiency) and removal efficiencies of 2-MIB by the following 4 kinds Granular Activated Carbon(GAC) process such as coal base, coconut base, wood base and zeolite＋carbon base were 95.8, 89.5, 88.4, and 93.7% respectively.ely.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 1993

This study was conducted for the efficient utilization of biomaterials such as starch residue, tangerine skin, and green tea residue, which are agricultral by-products discarded in Cheju Province annually, as adsorbents and biomaterials were examined for their removal ability of heavy metal ions in waste water by batch adsorption experiments. The removal efficiency of biomaterials for heavy metal ions was above 80-90% and almost similar to activated carbon and the adsorption ability of those treated with 포르말린 was improved in the green tea residue only for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$. In the conditions of pH, the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was high in the range of 5-7. In the solutions which heavy metal ions were mixed, the removal efficiency was similar at $Ag^+$, $Pb^{+2}$ and reduced to about 10% at the other ions, as compared with the solutions they were not mixed. Adsorption isotherm of biomaterials was generally obeyed to Freundlich formular than Langmuir formular and Freundlich constant, 1/n were obtained in the range of 0.1-0.5.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.488-503
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• 2024

Shoot waste refers to the parts of trees that are not yet optimally utilized. In this study, we aimed to utilize shoot waste of fast-growing teak (FGT) extracted from the community forest in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia by converting it into charcoal, followed by further conversion into activated carbon. This study was conducted with two treatment factors of the activation process, including thermal treatment (750℃, 850℃, and 950℃) and heating period (30, 60, and 90 min), to determine the best condition for the activation process. Our results indicated a significantly effect of the interaction between thermal treatment and heating period on the moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and adsorption properties of the produced activated carbon. The highest iodine adsorption capacity of activated carbon is 1,102.57 mg/g, which was produced by thermal treatment at 750℃ and heating period of 30 min. This result fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard). Furthermore, the quality parameters of the produced activated carbon include: moisture content of 6.13%; volatile matter content of 17.27%; ash content 5.24%; fixed carbon content of 77.49%; benzene removal efficiency of 8.43%; and methylene blue adsorption capacity of 69.66 mg/g. Based on this study, we concluded that shoot waste of FGT could be classified as a prospective material for developing activated carbon for industrial application.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2003

A biofilter study was conducted by changing inlet concentration and residence time for the removal of gaseous benzene and ethylene. In addition, carbon dioxide produced from the biofilters was investigated. Over 96% of benzene was removed at the residence times of 2 and 4.3 min, and inlet benzene concentrations of 220∼300 ppm. The ethylene biofilter was capable of achieving ethylene removal efficiency as much as 100％ at a residence time of 14 min, and inlet concentrations of 99∼290 ppm. At a steady state, the carbon dioxide of 409∼611 ppm was produced with an ethylene inlet concentration of 290 ppm. Most of benzene and ethylene were degraded at lower part of the biofilters where more microbial activity occurred.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2005

By using PCR with nirS gene primers, three nirSharboring denitrifying bacteria (strain N6, strain N23, and strain R13) were newly isolated from activated sludge of a weak municipal wastewater treatment plant. Small-subunit rRNA gene-based analysis indicated that strain N6, strain N23, and strain R13 were closely related to Arthrobacter sp.,Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp., respectively. In an attempt to identify their roles in biological nitrate and nitrite removal from sewage, we investigated their specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) for $NO_-^3$ - and $NO_-^2$ - in various cultures. All purecultures of each isolated nirS-harboring bacterial strain could remove $NO_-^3$ - and $NO_-^2$ - simultaneously in high efficiency, and the carbon requirements for $NO_-^3$ - removal of strain N6 and strain R13 were effectively low at 3.1 and 4.1 g COD/g $NO_3N$, respectively. In the case of mix-cultures of the strains (N6+N23, N6+R13, N23+R13, and N6+N23+R13), their SDNRs for $NO_-^3$ - were also effective, and their carbon requirements for $NO_-^3$ - removal were also effective at 3.0- 3.8 g COD/g NO3N. However, all tested mix-cultures accumulated $NO_-^2$ - in their culture media. On the other hand, the continuous culture of activated sludge mixed with strain N6 showed no significant increase of $NO_-^3$ - removal in comparison with strain N6's pure culture. These results suggest that nitrate and nitrite removal in biological wastewater treatment might be dependent on complicated bacterial interactions, including several effective denitrifying bacteria isolated in this study, rather than the specific bacterial types present and the number of bacterial types in activated sludge.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 매립장 침출수 같은 중금속과 유기물을 함께 함유하고 있는 폐수를 처리하기위하여, Fe(III)을 활성탄, 모래, 불가사리와 같은 담체에 첨착 및 코팅시킨 흡착제를 사용하였다. 제조된 Iron Impregnated Activated Carbon(Fe-AC), Iron Coated Sand(ICS), Iron Coated Starfish(ICSF)는 EPA 3050B 방법을 통하여 각 매질에 함유된 철 함량을 분석하였으며, 회분식 반응조에서의 흡착실험을 통하여 각 흡착제의 Mn(II), Zn(II) 및 Cu(II)의 제거성능을 비교하였다. Fe-AC 및 ICS의 철 함유량은 각각 1,612 mg/kg 및 1,609 mg/kg으로서 매우 유사하였으며 ICSF의 철 함유량은 1,768 mg/kg으로 ICSF의 철 코팅함량이 다른 두 가지에 비해 150 mg/kg 정도 높게 나타났다. 회분식 실험에서의 Mn(II), Zn(II), Cu(II)의 제거효율은 ICSF, Fe-AC, ICS의 순으로 높은 제거율을 보였다. 각 흡착제를 단일 및 다중층으로 충전한 칼럼반응기에 의한 연속식 실험결과, 단일 흡착제에 비해 ICS, Fe-AC, ICSF의 순으로 충전한 시스템에서 높은 중금속 및 페놀제거효율을 나타내었으며, Cu(II)와 Zn(II)에 대해서는 뚜렷한 파과능을 보였으나 Mn(II) 제거율은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 각 흡착제를 병합 충전한 다중층 칼럼반응시스템은 중금속 및 phenol제거에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2017

녹조현상 발생시 남조류에 의하여 발생하는 이취미 물질인 Geosmin과 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)는 수돗물에 냄새를 유발하는 원인 물질로서 제거가 필요하다. 일반적으로 정수장에서는 이취미 물질의 제거를 위하여 활성탄을 사용하고 있으나 활성탄의 기공 분포와 활성탄의 입자크기가 이취미 물질 흡착제 미치는 영향에 대한 정보는 부족하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 다양한 활성탄의 기공분포와 활성탄의 입자 크기가 이 취미 물질 흡착에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 분말활성탄(PAC), 입상활성탄(GAC), 활성탄소섬유(ACF)의 이취미 물질 흡착을 비교한 결과, PAC > ACF > GAC 순서로 이취미물질 흡착제거효율이 높았다. 다양한 기공분포 특성을 갖는 분말활성탄들을 비교한 결과, 미세기공이 잘발달된 경우가 Geosmin과 2-MIB의 흡착에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 입자 크기의 경우에는 작을수록 Geosmin과 2-MIB의 흡착에 보다 효과적이었다.