• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1980

An underwater recording system was designed to measure the sound spectra of the underwater noises produced by fishing gears in operation. Recorded were noi~es from three types of fishing gears: an anchovy set net, three anchovy boat seine net and a stern trawlnet. Acoustic analysis were made using a heterodyne analyzer, a digital frequency analyzer and a level recorder. The no;'e produced by the anchovy set net was found in the high frequency region of the onset of ambient noise spectrum with a slope of - 6 dB/octave. Here the ambient noise spectrum is higher, though similar in shape, than Knudsen spectrum, and is attributed to the breaking action of the coastal wave. Measured noise spectra during the fishing operations of the anchovy boat seine nets are attributed to the background noise of the sea in the presence of the fishing vessels. The frequency distribution of the noise was 20~5, 000 Hz in the case of two steel anchovy boat seiners, and 20-3,000 Hz in the case of the wooden anchovy boat seiner. The predominant frequency range was 250~350 Hz and maximum sound pressure level was 122 dB (re $1\muPa$) in the case of the steel boat and ] 17 dB in the case of the wooden boat. The noises produced by the trawl fishing gears are remarkably higher than the background noi~e in the presence of the fishing vessel. The frequency distribution of the noi~e was 20-6,300 Hz. The predominant frequency range was 100~200 Hz and maximum sound pressure level was 137 dB ( re $1\muPa$) . The noise spectra were not so much different from that caused by vibrations of the towing cable and the structure of the ground rope of the trawl net towed in an experimental tank.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2015

The Monte Carlo based dose calculation program for stereotactic body radiotherapy was developed in this study. The Geant4 toolkit widely used in the radiotherapy was used for this study. The photon energy spectrum of the medical linac studied in the previous research was applied for the patient dose calculations. The geometry of the radiation fields defined by multi-leaf collimators were taken into account in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class of the Geant4 code. The total of 8 fields were demonstrated in the patient dose calculations, where rotation matrix as a function of gantry angle was used for the determination of the source positions. The DicomHandler class converted the binary file format of the DICOM data containing the matrix number, pixel size, endian type, HU number, bit size, padding value and high bits order to the ASCII file format. The patient phantom was constructed using the converted ASCII file. The EGSnrc code was used to compare the calculation efficiency of the material data.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.217-242
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• 2020

At a moment in which the entire culture and arts field is in crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the audience development strategies practiced by arts organizations require significant adaptation. In this paper we consider the theater for young audiences, Youngji, produced by the TYA(Theater for Young Audiences) Research Center(TYARC) of the National Theater Company of Korea (NTCK). We examine how an arts organization develops youth audiences and creates a participatory culture when normal non-face-to-face engagement is not possible. We applied an Action Research methodology to our research filed, which allowed us to track continuous change based on the evolving practices and contingencies of one arts sector organization. Using Brown and Novak-Leonard's (2011) audience involvement spectrum, Koste's (1995) concept of creative drama, and Moore's (1993) transactional distance theory, we explored the possibility of active audience development by analyzing the ways in which NTCK's arts education has adapted its approach to audience development. We find that, even in this non-face-to-face era, it is possible to effectively develop youth audiences through a dramatic play that continues from play to drama.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 1997

A Gram (-), rod-shaped bacterium $2.3{\sim}2.8{\times}0.45{\mu}m$ in size which exhibited growth-inhibiting effects against a cyanobacterium (Anabaena cylindrica) was isolated from Daechung Dam Reservoir. This isolate was identified as Moraxella sp. and designated Moracella sp. CK-1. Hollow zones formed around bacterial colonies on the cyanobacterial lawn. In a mixed-culture of A. cylindrica and the isolate, each microorganism grew inverse-proportionally, and the cyanobacterial vegetative cells completely disappeared within 24 hours. On treatment with Moraxella sp. CK-1, cell walls of A. cylindrica disappeared, but sheathes remained in a more electron dense form. The unit membrane such as thylakoidal membrane was stable to bacterial lysing activity. This bacterium showed a broad action spectrum against cyanobacteria. The growth-inhibiting activity of Moracella sp. CK-1 against A. cylindrica is believed to be performed through the excretion of active substances.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 1993

We compared in vitro antibacterial activity of DWC-751, a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, with those of cefpirome (CPR), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ). DWC-751 showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of DWC-751 against Stapylococcus aureus was equal to that of CPR and superior to those of CTX and CAZ. The activity of it against Excherichia coli was more potent than those of CPR, CTX and CAZ. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DWC-751 was slightly inferior to that of CAZ and superior to those of CPR and CTX. The antibacterial activity of DWC-751 was superior to those of CPR, CTX and CAZ against clinical isolates and ofloxacin resistant strains. DWC-751 showed bactericidal action against Escherichia coli at concentrations close to the MIC and induced the formation of filament and burge and lysis of Escherichia coli in a microscopic examination.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1994

Several different classes of antidepressants(ADs) with newer drugs becoming available have been used for the phamacological management of a broad spectrum of mental disorders, among which depressive disorder is most commonly indicated. Successful clinical use of ADs requires a complete understanding of the psychopharmacological properties of ADs and on accurate knowledge of patients, characteristics based on clinical experience and theoretical framework. This paper aims at providing some practical information on the clinical use of ADs to assist clinicians in treating patients with major depression. The author describes (1) different classes of ADs and their presumed mechanisms of action, (2) clinical characteristics of ADs focusing on side-effect profiles, (3) some issues arising during the treatment course such as : a) pretreatment tasks, b) choice of ADs, c) therapeutic drug dose and monitoring of drug concentration, d) three stages of treatment and e) strategies in refractory depression and (4) ADs in special patient groups.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.41 no.2 s.405
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

Antimicrobial Peptides are natural antibiotics evolved by many plants, invertebrate, and vertebrate to defend against the microbial infection. Antimicrobial peptides show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with little opportunity for the development of resistance since they target microbial membranes that distinguish microbes from enkaryotic cells. The oral cavity is constantly exposed to microbial challenges and antimicrobial peptides play an important role in managing the oral health. With the increase of resistant micro-organisms to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are attracting interests as novel antibiotics. In this review, the characteristics of antimicrobial of antimicrobial peptides including the classification, mechanism of action, resistance, and expression in the oral cavity have been discussed in the prospects of application to oral disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.12-12
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• 1997

CFC-222 is a novel fluoroqinolone antibacterial agent synthesized and under development by the Cheil Jedang Corporation, Korea. CFC-222 exerts the antibacterial activity by inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase leading to bactericidal action. In in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing, CFC-222 has been shown to possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In particular CFC-222 is very potent against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptocuccus spp. (in particular penicillin G-resistant and -susceptible S. pneumoniae) and Enterococcus spp. when compared to other quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or lomefloxacin). CFC-222 also showed potent activity against the methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus (MRSA). Against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas and Sarcina) the activity of CFC-222 was slightly weaker than that of ciprofloxacin, but was more potent than that of ofloxacin or lomefloxacin. In urinary systemic infections caused by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, CFC-222 demonstrated a potent therapeutic efficacy in particular against Cram-positive bacteria S. aureus, S. pyrogen 203 and S. pneumonia TypeIII.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.539-543
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• 2000

A new bacteriocin, named lacticin 10790, was purified from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris KFCC 10790 by sequential adsorption, immobilized metal-affinity, cation-exchange, and $C_{18}$ reverse-phase chromatographies. The molecular mass of the bacteriocin was estimated to be between 3,000 and 3,500 Da. Lacticin 10790 showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum against many gram-positive bacteria. The bacteriocin was stable to heat and in the pH range between 2 and 6. Lacticin 10790 was destroyed by digestion with proteases and exhibited a bactericidal mode of action. An amino acid composition analysis of purified lacticin 10790 revealed a high concentration of hydrophobic amino acids. The N terminus of the bacteriocin was found to be blocked, upon analysis by Edman degradation. The results suggest that lacticin 10790 is a class I bacteriocin.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

Bacteriocins in Gram-positive bacteria have attracted much attention because many have a strong antimicrobial activity also against bacteria outside the genera of the producers. Lantibiotics and the pediocin-like bactericins have attracted most attention since they kill a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria including important pathogens. But many other promising Gram-positive bacteriocins have been thoroughly characterized. Recent studies have shown that bacteriocins may playa role in the intestinal flora to protect us against the food-borne pathogens. Bacterial genome sequencing has demonstrated that there may be an arsenal of such compounds and we are only seeing the top of the iceberg. The present review gives a short outlook of the field of bacteriocins with focus on lactic acid bacteria and includes recent findings.