• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.211-224
• /
• 2011

This is a written version of an hour-long lecture delivered by the author on June 30, 2011, as Plasmadynamics and Lasers Award Lecture at the AIAA 2011 summer conference in Honolulu, Hawaii. The author proposes that two areas of planetary entry physics be pursued in the future: outer planet aero-capturing and study of aerodynamics of meteoroid entries, both for the purpose of advancing the understanding of the possible extraterrestrial seeding of building blocks of life. For outer planet aero-capturing, the author proposes to develop new shock tube facilities that will produce up to 30 km/s of shock speed without causing photo-ionization of the driven gas by the radiation from the hot driver gas. Regarding meteors, the author proposes to carry out laboratory testing of the Tunguska event and of the seeding of amino acid molecules using a ballistic range which shoots a snowball laden with amino acid molecules toward a water surface.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.1125-1131
• /
• 2006

A kan'::luxCDABE fusion strain that was both highly bioluminescent and responsive to benzoic acid was constructed by transforming E. coli strain W3110 with the plasmid pUCDK, which was constructed by digesting and removing the 7-kb KpnI fragment from the promoterless luxCDABE plasmid pUCD615. Experiments using buffered media showed that this induction was dependent on the pH of the media, which influences the degree of benzoic acid protonation, and the expression levels seen are likely due to acidification of the cytoplasm by uncoupling of benzoic acid. Consequently, the sensitivity of this strain for benzoic acid was increased by nearly 20-fold when the pH was shifted from 8.0 to 6.5. Benzoic acid derivatives and several phenolics also resulted in significantly increased bioluminescent signals. Although these compounds are known to damage membranes and induce the heat-shock response within E. coli, bacterial strains harboring mutations in the fadR and rpoH genes, which are responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis during membrane stress and induction of the heat-shock response, respectively, showed that these mutations had no effect on the responses observed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.702-706
• /
• 1999

대표적인 양식 해조류인 방사무늬 김 엽체를 대상으로 하여 산 처리에 의한 유전형질의 표현 변화를 differential display기법으로 비교하여 보았다. 방사무늬 김 엽체를 0.05% HCl을 첨가한 해수(pH 3.0)에서 5분간 처리한 후 각각 10분, 30분, 60분 그리고 4시간동안 멸균 해수에서 정치 배양시키면서, RNA를 추출하여 cDNA합성, PCR 증폭, agarose gel 전기영동 및 DNA 염기배열을 조사하였다. 그 결과 arbitrary primer OPA 1(CAGGCCCTTC)을 사용하여 differential display한 경우, 산 처리 후 30분간 멸균 해수에서 정치 배양한 엽체에서 특이적으로 RNA 합성이 일어나지 않은 유전자를 분리할 수 있었으며, 그 염기서열을 비교한바 이 유전자 fragment(605 bp)는 dethiobiotin synthetase 유전자와 93%의 높은 상동성을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1234-1240
• /
• 2015

Heat shock RNA 1 (HSR1) is described as a "eukaryotic heat-sensing noncoding RNA" that regulates heat shock response in human and other eukaryotic cells. Highly conserved HSR1 sequences have been identified from humans, hamsters, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. In a previous study, however, it was suggested that HSR1 had originated from a bacterial genome. HSR1 showed no detectible nucleotide sequence similarity to any eukaryotic sequences but harbored a protein coding region that showed amino-acid sequence similarity to bacterial voltage-gated chloride channel proteins. The bacterial origin of HSR1 was not convincible because the nucleotide sequence similarity was marginal. In this study, we have found that a genomic contig sequence of Comamonas testosteroni strain JL14 contained a sequence virtually identical to that of HSR1, decisively confirming the bacterial origin of HSR1. Thus, HSR1 is an exogenous RNA, which can ectopically trigger heat shock response in eukaryotes. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to cite HSR1 as a "eukaryotic functional noncoding RNA."

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 phytic acid가 금속이온이나 양이온을 chelate시키는 작용이 탁월하며, 특히 $Fe^{2+}$나 $Ca^{2+}$에 대해서 친화성이 높다는 점을 착안하여, 사람이 평소에 쉽게 섭취하고 식용이 가능하며 인체에 무해한 장점이 있는PA가 EDTA를 대체할 수 있는지 여부를 알아보았고, 실제 동물 실험을 통해 생존율 효과에 얼마나 영향이 미치는지를 관찰한 결과이다. 1. 살균적 Osmotic Shock 및 Chelating Agent의 강화효과 1) 초기 실험에 투입된 균수를 측정한 결과 $1.7{\times}10^6cfu/ml$ 이었으며 증류수에 의한 osmotic shock을 받은 균의 생존균수는 $Mg^{2+}$ 경우 접종 후 1분에서 92.5%, 3분에서 91.8%, 5분에서 79.8%로 평균 88%로 큰 차이 없는 살균효과를 나타났다. 2) 증류수에 의한 osmotic shock을 받은 균은 접종 후 1분에서 83.5%, 3분에서 70.0%, 5분에서 60.2%로 평균 71.2%로 비교적 완만한 살균효과를 나타났다. 3) EDTA 및 PA 용액은 0.1mM 농도의 경우 보다 1mM 농도에서 osmotic shock가 극적으로 강화되는 경향을 알 수 있었다. 2. Phytic acid의 Vibrio vulnificus 패혈증 마우스 생존율에 미치는 영향 V. vulnificus 패혈증에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 고농도의 경우 마우스의 평균 사망시간은 348분이였으나 저농도인 경우 마우스의 평균 사망시간이 1246분으로 고농도 보다 3.6배나 오랜시간 생존한 것으로 나타났다. CaEDTA의 처치군 고농도의 경우 평균 생존시간은 387분으로 대조군 348분으로 약간의 생존시간 증가의 경향을 관찰 할 수 있었고 저 농도의 경우 평균 생존시간은 669분으로 고농도에 비해 생존시간이 1.8배 정도 증가하는 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 phytic acid농도의 영향은 있지만 저농도에서는 생존시간이 훨씬 늘어났다. 따라서, 마우스의 접종실험결과 병원균인 V. vulnificus의 접종농도와 마우스의 치사속도가 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. phytic acid가 간이 손상된 마우스의 Vibrio vulnificus 패혈증에 미치는 영향 사염화탄소로 간을 파괴시킨 마우스를 사용하여 정상 마우스(대조군)와 비교한 결과, 간 손상이 없는 대조군에 비해 1.5배 빠른 사망 속도로 나타나, 기저질환인 간장질환 등을 앓고 있는 사람이 V. vulnificus에 감염될 경우 치사 속도가 치명적임을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 마우스에 V. vulnificus의 접종량을 달리한 결과 $2.3{\times}10^7cfu/ml$에서는 접종 후 평균 생존시간은 226분이었고, $0.8{\times}10^6cfu/ml$에서는 접종 후 평균 생존시간은 300분으로 두 농도간 사망속도는 1.3배로 죽어가는 양상은 비슷하였으나, 기저 질환이 없을지라도 치사속도는 접종량에 크게 의존하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Currently, there is a variety of systems available for predicting prognosis of trauma patients such as trauma score, Injury severity score (ISS) and acid-base variables. But it is not clear that the initial acid-base variables are predictors of prognosis in trauma patients at the emergency department. The objective of this study is to compare the base deficit, lactate and strong ion gap as an early predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Methods: Retrospective record review of 136 trauma patients needed to admit to intensive care unit via emergency department (June 2004 to February 2005). Data included age, injury mechanism, ISS, Revised trauma score (RTS), Multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS), Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III (APACHE III), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), laboratory profiles, calculated anion gap and strong ion gap. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors, shock group and non-shock group with comparison by t-test;significance was assumed for p<0.05. Correlation between acid-base variables and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was evaluated. Results: There was a significant difference between the RTS (p=0.00), APACHE III (p=0.00), MODS (p=0.00), GCS (p=0.00) of survivors and non-survivors. There was no significant difference between the ISS (p=0.082), lactate (p=0.541), base excess (p=0.468) and SIG (p=0.894) of survivors and non-survivors. There was a significant difference between the RTS (p=0.023), APACHE III (p=0.002), lactate (p=0.000), base excess (p=0.000) and SIG (p=0.000) of shock and non-shock group. There was no significant difference between the ISS (p=0.270), MODS (p=0.442) and GCS (p=0.432) of shock and non-shock group. The base excess was most correlated to MABP (r2=0.150). Conclusion: Initial base deficit, serum lactate and SIG are not predictors of mortality in moderate to severe trauma patients. Initial base deficit, serum lactate and SIG are correlated with the mean arterial blood pressure in trauma patients in emergency department.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2004

Objective We investigated the effect of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. aquacupuncture (SCB) on anaphylaxis in mice. Methods : We conformed compound 48/80-induced mesenteric mast cell degranulation, active systemic anaphylatic shock and histamine release. Also observed acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Results : SCB inhibited mesenteric mast cell degranulation and active systemic anaphylatic shock induced by compound 48/80 dose-dependently. When SCB was pretreated by intra-peritoneal injection, the serum histamine levels were reduced. SCB also significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. In addition, SCB showed a significant inhibitory effect on anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Conclusion : These results indicated that SCB inhibits anaphylatic reaction.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.724-733
• /
• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the direct antioxidative effect of 90 Kda heat shock protein (Hsp90) obtained from duck muscle. Methods: The interaction of Hsp90 with phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids was studied with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and their further oxidation in the presence of Hsp90 was evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was measured, and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with 5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) was utilized to determine the abilities of Hsp90 in scavenging hydroxyl and PTIO radicals. Results: SPR showed Hsp90 could bind with both phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids, and prevent their further oxidation by the TBARS assay. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity increased with Hsp90 concentration, and could reach 27% and 20% respectively at the protein concentration of 50 μM. The EPR spectra demonstrated Hsp90 could directly scavenge ·OH and PTIO· radicals. Conclusion: This suggests that Hsp90, a natural antioxidant in meat, may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, and may have potential use in meat products.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 1966

It has been known that the pronounced hypotension resulting from hemorrhage gives rise to compensatory stimulation of the adrenosympathetic system, which leads to an increase of liberation of catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. It is obvious, therefore, that numerous physiological and biochemical changes during the hemorrhagic hypotention might be mediated through the increased liberation of catecholamines. Although an extensive studies have been reported on changes of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in hemorrhagic shock a few studies on the changes of lipid metabolism have been reported. Levenson(1961) observed a marked increase of serum lipids content during hemorrhagic shock and also noticed a marked elevation of serum free fatty acids. He suggested that these effects were due to mobilization and accelerated metabolic breakdown of lipids which might be resulted by sympathetic stimulation as a cause. To elucidate the mechanism of this, author studied the change of serum free fatty acids and blood sugar with relation to catecholamines during experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock in dog. Healthy male mongrel dogs weighing approximately 15kg were used. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital, rapid hemorrhage was produced from the femoral artery maintaining blood pressure level of 40 mmHg measured by the manometer connected with the opposite femoral artery throughout the experiment. Serum free fatty acids(FFA) and blood sugar were measured by the methods of Dole(1956) and Folin-wu,(1920) respectively. Tissue catecholamine was measured by Shore and Olin method(1958) using Aminco-Bowman spectrophotofluorometer.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Kimchi and to identify suitable probiotic strain for application in fermented dairy product as a commercial starter culture. A total of 106 (LAB) strains were isolated from Kimchi collected from different regions in Korea and their phenotypic characteristics were assayed. Four isolates from MRS agar plates were selected and designated as DKL109, DKL119, DKL121 and DKL128. They were identified first by API 50 CHL kit and then 16S rRNA gene sequencing. DKL121 and DKL128 were identified as Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus casei, respectively. Other two isolates (DKL109 and DKL119) were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. To estimate their applicability in dairy products, the characteristics including acid and bile tolerance, cold shock induced cryotolerance and enzymatic activities were determined. There was wide variation in ability of strains to acid tolerance, but no significant differences in bile tolerance, cold shock induced cryotolerance within selected strains. DKL119 and DKL121 showed the highest resistance to acid and bile and the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity, respectively. When these two strains were used for yogurt preparation as a single starter culture, their viable cell counts reached to $1.0{\times}10^9CFU/mL$. Lactobacillus plantarum DKL119 showed faster acid development than commercial starter culture. Also storage trials at $10^{\circ}C$ showed that the viability of these strains was retained over 15 d. With these results, it was indicated that probiotics isolated from Kimchi can be used in yogurt manufacturing as a starter culture.