• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2011

Galactinol and rafinose accumulation in plants is associated with stressful environmental conditions such as cold, heat, or dehydration by the action of galactinols synthase (GolS) in the raffinose family of oligosaccharides biosynthetic pathway from UDP-galactose. Moreover, several reports mentioned that GolS transcription is up regulated by various environmental stresses like cold, heat, dehydration. Therefore, to determine whether MoGolS1 was induced with the abiotic stress we analyzed the expression pattern of the gene under various abiotic stresses like heat, cold, abscisic acid, sucrose and salt concentration in the lemon balm plants grown in standard MS medium. The MoGolS1 gene was 981-bp in length encoding 326 amino acids in its sequence and shared 77 and 76% sequence similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase4 (AtGolS4) and AtGolS1 genes respectively. The MoGolS1 gene was strongly expressed by the abiotic stress induced by sucrose, ABA or heat shock. It was also expressed in responses to cold, Identification and Functional Characterization of the GALACTINOL SYNTHASgene induction with various stresses may be possible for itscrucial function in abiotic stress tolerance in plants, providing a good engineering target for genetic engineering.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.700-709
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• 2016

The mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 (high-osmolarity glycerol response pathway) plays a crucial role in the response of yeast to hyperosmotic shock. Trichosporonoides oedocephalis produces large amounts of polyols (e.g., erythritol and glycerol) in a culture medium. However, the effects of HOG1 gene knockout and environmental stress on the production of these polyols have not yet been studied. In this study, a To-HOG1 null mutation was constructed in T. oedocephalis using the loxP-Kan-loxP/Cre system as replacement of the targeted genes, and the resultant mutants showed much smaller colonies than the wild-type controls. Interestingly, compared with the wild-type strains, the results of shake-flask culture showed that To-HOG1 null mutation increased erythritol production by 1.44-fold while decreasing glycerol production by 71.23%. In addition, this study investigated the effects of citric acid stress on the T. oedocephalis HOG1 null mutants and the wild-type strain. When the supplementation of citric acid in the fermentation medium was controlled at 0.3% (w/v), the concentration of erythritol produced from the wild-type and To-HOG1 knockout mutant strains improved by 18.21% and 21.65%, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2012

Ionomer is a thermoplastic that is composed of covalent bonds and ionic bonds. It is possible to use this material in processes such as injection molding or extrusion molding due to the material's high oil resistance, weatherproof characteristics, and shock resistance. In this study, a new ionomer having a multifunctional group was prepared by a stepwise neutralization system with the addition of acidic and salt additives. In step I, to increase the contents of the multifunctional group and the acid degree in ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), MGA was added to the ionomer resin (EAA). A new ionomer was prepared via the traditional preparation method of the ionic cross-linking process. In step II, metal salt was added to the mixture of EAA and MGA. The extrusion process was performed using a twin extruder (L/D = 40, size : ${\varphi}30$). Ionomer film was prepared for evaluation of gas permeability by using the compression molding process. The degree of neutralized and ionic cross-linked new ionomer was confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. In order to estimate the neutralization of the new ionomer film, various properties such as gas permeation and mechanical properties were measured. The physical strength and anti-scratch property of the new ionomer were improved with increase of the neutralization degree. The gas barrier property of the new ionomer was improved through the introduction of an ionic site. Also, the ionic degree of cross-linking and gas barrier property of the ionomer membrane prepared by stepwise neutralization were increased.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2013

The hepatoprotective activity of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai extract (AE) was investigated against D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced liver failure rats compared with that of acanthoic acid (AA) isolated from AE. Although D-GalN/LPS (250 mg/kg body weight/$10{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, i.p.) induced hepatic damage, pretreatments with AE (1 and 3% AE/g day) and AA (0.037% AA, equivalent to 3% AE/g day) alleviated the hepatic damage. This effect was the result of a significant decrease in the activity of alanine transaminase. Concomitantly, both the nitric oxide and IL-6 levels in the plasma were significantly decreased by high-dose AE (AE3) treatment compared to the GalN/LPS control (AE0). This response resulted from the regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling via a decrease in TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels in the liver. While a high degree of necrosis and hemorrhage were observed in the AE0, pretreatment with AE3 and AA reduced the extent of hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrates compared to the AE0. In conclusion, these results suggest that especially high-dose AE are capable of alleviating D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by decreasing hepatic toxicity, thereby mitigating the TLR 4-dependent cytokine release. The anti-inflammatory effect of AE could be contributing to that of AA and AE is better than AA.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2012

참가시나무 열수 추출물은 강한 항산화제로 xanthine oxidase반응을 억제하며 uric acid생성에 영향을 주어 alfacalcidol과 ethylene glycol로 결석이 유도된 흰쥐에 따르는 혈중 및 뇨의 위험요소 감소시킨 것으로 추측된다. 또한 강력한 이뇨제인 furosemide군과 비슷한 유의성을 나타내었다. 따라서 참가시나무 잎 열수 추출물은 신장결석 예방과 치료를 위해 적합하다고 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1983

The in vivo and in vitro buffer capacities of true plasma and tissue buffer capaciies were compared on dogs. Intracellular pH was determined on skeletal muscle by a modification of the method of Schloerb and Grantham using $C^{14}$ DMO. The in vivo curve for plasma or extracellular fluid has a much lower slope than the in vitro curve. The in vivo slope of skeletal muscle in the dog is approximately 20 sl. The slope for skeletal muscle in vivo falls between the in vitro and in vivo slopes of true plasma. It appears that intracellular hydrogen ion varies linearly with extracellular hydrogen ion when $CO_2$ tension is changed. Both hydrogen ion gradient and Hi/He ratio vary in skeletal muscle, with an increase in $CO_2$ tension. Infusion of 0.3N HCl gave two distinct patterns, the $H_i-H_e$ gradient decreased; and it would appear that very little hydrogen ion as such penetrated to the inside of the cells during the time of observation. Although lactic acid presumably enters the cell and the same of larger load was given as was used for hydrochloric acid, only very mild intracellular acidosis resulted, ostensibly due to metabolism of this substrate. Gluconic acid produced a more severe acidosis, both intracellularly and extracellularly, but with both of these acids the hydrogen ion gradient decreased and the $H_i/H_e$ ratio also decreased. The experiments on the dogs with hemorrhagic shock the hydrogen ion increase producing the acidosis originates inside the cells. Even so, the hydrogen ion gradient increased only very slightly in the acute experiments. This may suggest that even over short intervals of time skeletal muscle cells have a capacity to pump out hydrogen ions at a rate which maintains approximately the normal $H_i/H_e$ gradient when the source of the hydrogen ion is in the interior of the cell.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 1996

A series of N-Cbz${alpha}$-aminosucinimides (1), combining common moieties of various anticonvulsants such as N-CO-C-N and cyclic imide in a single molecule, were synthesized from the corresponding (R)- and (S)-N-Cbz-aspartic acid (2). And their in vivo anticonvulsant evaluations in MES and PTZ test were investigated. And also the rotorod test for neurotoxicity was investigated. All the tested compounds (1), except 1c and 1f, showed significant anticonvulsant activities in both MES and PTZ test. And the most active compound among them in MES test was (R)-N-Cbz-${alpha}$-amino-N-methylsuccinimide (1b) $(ED_50/=52.5 mg/kg)$ and (S)-N-Cbz-aminosuccinimide((1d) was most active in PTZ test $(ED_50/=78.1 mg/kg)$. And the $TD_50$ values of the tested compounds were above 117.5 mg/kg. These pharmacological data were comparable to those of currently available anticonvulsants. And also we found that the pharmacological effects were dependent on their N-substituted alkyl chains and their stereochemistry.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2009

Taegwondo uniforms need powerful durability in fabrics against friction and shock because of higher exercising power. Therefore, in this study we developed more comfortable Taegwondo uniform for functional fabrics(deodorization rate, antibacterial activity and static charge). Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin, has widely been used in the biomedical sector, food industry, and textile industry. For the purpose of this study, we used the chitosan, which was congenial to the human body. Then, we compared the differences between the chitosan treated fabrics and non treated fabrics of Taegwondo uniform(100% polyester, 65% polyester/35% cotton). Chitosan was dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Also, the fabrics were washed using distilled water. Afterward, its treatment with chitosan was completed by padding the sample to its wet pick-up at $80{\pm}5%$ and by heating $150^{\circ}$ for 3 minutes. The chitosan treated Taegwondo uniform was improved on deodorization rate than non treated uniform. And the chitosan treated Taegwondo uniform was improved remarkably the antibacterial activity in all samples. In the further researches, the static charge was reduced in chitosan treatment uniform.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2017

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-17 (COXPD-17) is very rare and is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ELAC2 gene on chromosome 17p12. The ELAC2 gene functions as a mitochondrial tRNA processing gene, and only 4 different pathogenic mutations have been reported in ELAC2-associated mitochondrial dysfunction involving oxidative phosphorylation. Affected patients show various clinical symptoms and prognosis, depending on the genotype. We report a novel mutation in the ELAC2 gene (c.95C>G [p.Pro32Arg], het), in an infant with COXPD-17 who presented with encephalopathy including central apnea and intractable epilepsy, and growth and developmental retardation. During hospitalization, consistently elevated serum lactic acid levels were noted, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. The patient suddenly died of shock of unknown cause at 5 months of age. This is the first case report of COXPD-17 in Korea and was diagnosed based on clinical characteristics and genetic analysis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2001

Ubiquitin can be covalently attached to cellular proteins as a post-translational modification rind is involved in metabolic stresses, such as bent shock and immune response. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding ubiquitin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The insert in the clone is 533 nucleotide long with an open reading frame of 387 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 129 amino acids with a molecular weight of 14.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence shared high homology with the ubiquitins known so far, The result of dot blot hybridization showed that the B. mori ubiquitin gene is up-regulated upon f. rofi infection, suggesting that the B. mori ubiquitin plays an immune-related role.