• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1506-1512
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• 2007

In order to investigate the totale yield, the content of soluble polysaccharide and the others of FEW extract from the yeast fermentated Ganoderma lucidium by supersonic method, the yeast strain was inoculated after pretreatment and subsequently followed fermentation and supersonic extract. The main construction of the extract method is composed of the main glucose and together with the xylose, fucose, galactose and mannose. Results show that because of the generated lactic acid and ethanol, pH value of extract decreases and the safety as well as the preservation is improved. The extract yield, the total soluble polysaccharide, SOD-like activity, cytotoxic effect and growth inhibitory effect against cancer cell line are much higher in FE method than RE method, especially FEW3 extracts fermented during 24hrs. It is concluded that yeast fermentation makes the extract yield increase because of the cell disintegration, the useful ingredients of the germ body, the metabolic products, the insoluble ingredients due to the generation of ethanol, and the cell fragmentation caused by the supersonic waves vibration. Content of generated ethanol, total soluble polysaccharide and extract yield all increase during the fermentation time from 24 to 72 hours and the optimum fermentation condition is at $27^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. The bitter taste and smell of the Ganoderma lucidium extract is diminished, fragrant-bitter taste and smell is generated so that the whole functional quality is improved.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2012

We investigated for the production of biological bio-ethanol from Laminaria japonica using the hydrolysis reaction of enzymes and organic acids and the polysaccharide content was also analyzed. The composition of the polysaccharide was characterized as 65.99% alginate, 6.24% laminaran and 27.77% mannitol. The optimum concentration for reducing the sugar conversion by Laminaria japonica was found to be 1.874 g/L at an acetic acid concentration of 1.5%, $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, and for an ascorbic acid of 2.0%, 4.291 g/L was produced in the same condition. The enzyme hydrolysis such as alginate lyase and laminarinase contained the maximum 2.219 g/L reducing sugar. In the result of ethanol fermentation using hydrolysate of Laminaria japonica, the organic acid treatment showed a high of reducing sugar yield, but decreased the ethanol yield, and then the maximum ethanol production obtained was 1.26 g/L using the mixed treated of enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.447-451
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• 1998

Functional properties such as anti-blood coagulation, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, fat binding capacity, foaming properties, emulsifying properties and chemical components of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from ascidian tunics were investigated. The sulfated polysaccharide mainly consisted of sulfate, uronic acid, protein, and chondroitin sulfate, among which chondroitin sulfate showed higher concentration while sulfate and uronic acid did lower. Compositional menosaccharides were arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetyglucosamine. Especially, galactose content was dominant among them. And emulsifiability and foaminess of the sulfated polysaccharide was higher than the control group. Anti-blood coagulation of sulfated polysaccharide showed with respect to APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time). ACE inhibitory activity showed about $16.7\%$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1997

Mrthylov~orits sp. starin SSl, a restricted facultative methylotrophic bacterium. growing on methanol was found to produce small amount of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) under the optimal growth conditions, while it produced large amount of the polysaccharide under nitrogen limihtion. The optimal ratio of carbon to nitrogen for EPS production were found to be 5.2. The optimal temperature and pH for EPS production were 30^{\circ}C.$ and 6.5, spectively. The EPS consisted of carbohydrate, protein and small amount pyruvic acid. The reducing sugars in the EPS consisted mainly of glucose and a small amount of mannose. The EP!; treated with ethanol (EPSae) was found to have several properties different from those of the EPS which was not treated with ethanol (EPSbe); the EPSae contained no pyruvic acid. It also contained less protein and showed much lower viscosity than the EPSbe. The viscosity of EPSbe was very sensitive to NaCl and decreased t;harply upon exposure of the polysaccharide to even 0.5% (wiv) NaCl solution. The viscosity, however, was increased irreversibly upon exposure of the saccharide to high temperature. The molecular weight of EPS was estimiited to be $2.5{\times}$10^6$ - $3.5{\times}*$10^6$ using Sepharose hB column chromatography. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilized EPSbe and EPSae have a structure of thread-like fibers and a mesh-like structure resembling bee-hive, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.752-757
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• 2003

This study was carried out in order to develop the method for isolation of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) haying immunomodulating antitumor activity from red ginseng by-product. The red ginseng by-product was obtained from red ginseng residues produced in processing of red ginseng ethanol extract. The yield of RGAP isolated by ultrafiltration was 20.9%. The active substance (GFP) was purified by DEAE-sepharose column chromatography RGAP induced nitric oxide (NO) exhibited tumoricidal activities against P8l5 (mastocytoma) tumor cells. Acid-hydrolyzed RGAP fragments were shown four to five spots. These sopts showed the same R$_{f}$ values with sugars designated as rhamnose, glucose, glactose and glucuronic acid. Some physico-chemical properties of RGAP were investigated. pH and dry reduction content at 105$^{\circ}C$ were 4.74 and 4.72%, respectively. Crude protein, ash and Pb contents were 3.30%, 4.74% and 2.30 ppm. These results suggest that we will be able to produce RGAP from red ginseng by-product by ultrafiltration in a large scale.e.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1998

During the screening for anti-complementary activity from 10 kinds of edible mushrooms, an alkali extract of Agaricus bisporus showed the highest activity through the complement fixation test. The crude anti-complementary material(AB-0) from Agaricus bisporus was obtained by the alkali extraction using 1 N NaOH containing 5% urea$(65^{\circ}C)$, followed by methanol reflux, dialysis and lyophilization. The fraction AB-O showed potent anit-complementary and anti-tumor activity against sarcoma-180 injected mice. The fraction AB-0 was divided into 5 fractions(AB-20, AB-40, AB-60, AB-80, AB-A) by gradual acetone precipitation. Among them fraction AB-20 having the highest activity and yield was found to contain 39% carbohydrate and 46% protein. The anti-complementary protein-bound polysaccharide AB-20 consisted of glucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose and mannose in a molar ratio of 6.49 : 1.98 : 1.24 : 1.00 : 0.71, respectively and its main component amino acids were alanine(20.59%), isoleucine(16.85%), glutamine+glutamic acid(14.12%) and leucine (13.83%). The anti-complementary activity of AB-20 was decreased greatly by periodate oxidation, but decreased slightly by pronase digestion. This indicates that polysaccharide moiety is corelated with the anti-complementary activity and that protein is also involved in the activity.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of nine Tremella species contained 0.3 to 1.2% protein, 2.7 to 5% ash, 0.9 to 3.4% acetyl groups, 76.5 to 84.2% carbohydrates and trace amounts of starch. The polysaccharides in aqueous solution were slightly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.6). They consisted of the following monomeric sugars: fucose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid. The backbones of the polysaccharide structures consisted of $\alpha$-(1$\rightarrow$3)-links while the side chains were $\beta$-linked.

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 2004

헤파린은 설페이트화된 선형의 Polysaccharide로 이루어져 있으며, 주로 uronic acid로 구성되어 있다. 헤파린은 다양한 구조의 혼합체로서 항혈전성, 염증억제, 신규혈관형성 암 성장 억제 및 면역 억제 등의 다양한 성질을 가지고 있다.(중략)

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1992

전분이 함유된 플ㄹ스틱 및 광분해성 플라스틱은 제외하고 순수하게 생분해되는 생분해성 고분자의 시장은 세계적으로 년간 140만톤으로 추정되고 있다. 이 중에서 생물공학과 직접적으로 관계가 있는 것은 polylactide계 polymer의 원료가 되는 lactic acid, pullulan과 같은 polysaccharide 그리고 PHA와 같은 polyester등으로서 본고에서는 PHA(polyhydroxyalkanoate)를 중심으로 생산공정이 어떻게 개발되어 오고 있는가 간단히 고찰하고자 한다. 이러한 생산공정의 원리는 pullulan 및 xanthan gum과 같은 타 생물고분자의 경우에도 유사하게 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.615-620
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• 2003

The sulfated exopolysaccharide p-KG03, which is produced by the marine microalga Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro ($EC_{50}$ = 26.9 g/ml) against the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Depending on the p-KG03 concentration, the development of cytopathic effects in EMCV-infected HeLa cells was either inhibited completely or slowed. Moreover, p-KG03 did not show any cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells, even at concentrations up to 1,000 g/ml. The polysaccharide was purified by repeated precipitation in ethanol, followed by gel filtration. The p-KG03 polysaccharide had a molecular weight of $1.87\;{\times}\;10^6$, and was characterized as a homopolysaccharide of galactose with uronic acid (2.96%, w/w) and sulfate groups (10.32% w/w). The biological activities of p-KG03 suggest that sulfated metabolites from marine organisms are a rich source of antiviral agents. This is the first reported marine source of antiviral sulfated polysaccharides against EMCV. The p-KG03 polysaccharide may be useful for the development of marine bioactive exopolysaccharides for use in biotechnological and pharmaceutical products.