• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-82
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity and anti-thrombosis effect of Manbunbang(MBB) prescribed to chronic PID patients. Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation, suppression effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity and inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis which were caused by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid in vitro. And suppression of pulmonary embolism, changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model and anti-oxidative effect of oxidative damage were studied in vivo. Results: MBB extract showed LD50 of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ or higher in mouse lung fibroblast cells, and significantly decreased the GPT and GPT level in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed TXB2 and PGE2 biosynthesis compared to the control. MBB extract suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine by 37.5% compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. Concluson : The results strongly suggest the anti-inflammatory activity of Manbunbang through anti-thrombus. Various applications using Manbunbang on inflammatory diseases are anticipated. Anti-oxidative efficacy comparison data between the Manbunbang prescription and the drug compositions may be used as important clinical information, and further investigation of anti-oxidative activities of Chrysanthemum indicum and Rhemaniae Radix should be followed.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1997

Coagulation is very important process in water works. The subsequent processes are directly affected by this process. Many factors such as turbidity, alkalinity, pH, hardness, total organic carbon(TOC), velocity gradient and flocculation time effect on coagulation process. Among these factors, specially TOC is being concerned target substance to be removed due to trihalomenthanes(THMs) precursor and alkalinity is being one of the major parameter for removing TOC. We have researched the consumption of coagulant with TOC alkalinity concentration of water and removal efficiency of residual TOC and turbidity with alkalinity. Furthermore we have investigated particle size distributions with velocity gradient and alkalinity. The consumption of coagulant was proportionally increased to TOC and alkalinity concentration and the removal of TOC in Nakdong river water was very difficult more than 150 mg/l in alkalinity but large morecular weight organic such as humic acid could be removed easily. Coagulation of low alkalinity water was more rapidly occured than of high alkalinity water by analyzing the particle size distributions. High alkalinity water needed higher mixing energy for a good coagulation within limited flocculation time.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Black carbon, which is a by-product of combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning, is the component that imposes the largest uncertainty on quantifying aerosol climate effect. The direct, indirect and semi-direct climate effects of black carbon depend on its state of the mixing with other water-soluble aerosol components. The process that transforms hydrophobic externally mixed black carbon particles into hygroscopic internally mixed ones is called "aging". In most climate models, simple parameterizations for the aging time scale are used instead of solving detailed dynamics equations on the aging process due to the computation cost. In this study, a new parameterization for the black carbon aging time scale due to condensation and coagulation is presented as a function of the concentration of hygroscopic atmospheric components and the black carbon particle size. It is shown that the black carbon aging time scale due to condensation of sulfuric acid vapors varies to a large extent depending on the sulfuric acid concentration and the black carbon particle size. This result indicates that the constant aging time scale values suggested in the literature cannot be directly applied to a global scale modeling. The aging time scale due to coagulation with internally mixed aerosol particles shows an even stronger dependency on particle size, which implies that the use of a particle-size-independent aging time scale may lead to a large error when the aging is dominated by coagulation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1992

0.1N HCl 이용하여 빠른 산성화를 시켰을 때에 우유의 응고속도와 그 정도는 온도와 pH에 따른 점도 변화와 혼탁도 변화로서 측정하였고, DGL을 이용하여 천천히 산성화 시켰을 때에 우유의 겔화 과정은 rheological scanner로서 측정하였다. 우유의 겔화 과정은 rheological scanner로서 측정하였다. 우유 casein의 응고는 pH 5.0에서의 돌연한 점도증가로서 나타났으며 산에 의한 응고형성의 기점 pH로 삼았다. 산에 의한 응고속도는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $50^{\circ}C$로 온도가 높아질수록 빨라졌고 최대 응고속도는 pH5.0에서 일어났다. 염($CaCl_{2}$)의 첨가는 모든 온도범위에서 최대 응고속도를 감소시켰으며 응고가 시작되는 pH 및 최대 응고속도가 일어나는 pH를 변화시켰다. 천천히 산성화 동안에 생성되는 겔의 초기 형성 시간과 조직 형성속도는 Cl 이온에 의해 촉진되고 SCN 이온에 의해 억제되었다. 겔에서 생겨나는 syneresis 현상은 저온으로 갈수록, pH가 4.6에 접근할수록 심했으며, $90^{\circ}C$에서 5분 동안 열처리한 우유에서는 가열온도($60{\sim}90^{\circ}C$)에 상관없이 일정하게 나타났다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.109-109
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• 2002

A study has been made of the dry-jet-wet spinning of PAN copolymer fibers using 60% aqueous zinc chloride solution as solvent and 25∼40% aqueous zinc chloride solution as non-solvent. The technological characteristics of this method were that small streams of dope were extruded from the die and allowed to pass through a short distance of air gap(about 10mm) before entering the spinning bath for full coagulation. This work showed the importances which coagulation condition, stretch ratio and fiber tenacity up to 10.5 g/d could be obtained with elongation of 11∼16%. Individual fibers were evaluated on the basis of density and mechanical properties such as tenacity and elongation etc.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

A study has been made of the dry-jet-wet spinning of PAN copolymer fibers using 60% aqueous zinc chloride solution as solvent and 25∼40% aqueous zinc chloride solution as non-solvent. The technological characteristics of this method were that small streams of dope were extruded from the die and allowed to pass through a short distance of air gap(about 10mm) before entering the spinning bath for full coagulation. This work showed the importances which coagulation condition, stretch ratio and fiber tenacity up to 10.5 g/d could be obtained with elongation of 11∼16%. Individual fibers were evaluated on the basis of density and mechanical properties such as tenacity and elongation etc.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

This study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts of horsetail, alfalfa, ortie, chêne and aleppo oak on blood coagulation in vitro. Extraction was performed by the maceration method. Extracts were mixed with platelet and plasma, then prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet aggregation tests were conducted. Alfalfa extract had a dose-dependent effect on the PT. Ortie, and horsetail, reduced the PT significantly compared to control group. Alfalfa, horsetail, and ortie reduced the APTT, but their effect was insignificant compared to the control group. The pooled extract showed the highest effect compared to the single extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Horsetail and alfalfa induced platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid but not in response to collagen. In the case of ortie, no aggregation occurred regarding the arachidonic acid, and incomplete was observed in response to collagen. Interestingly, blood clotting occurred immediately after adding the chêne, aleppo oak and the pooled extract, and therefore platelet poor plasma (PPP) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) became jelly. Generally, chêne and aleppo oak, as well as pooled extract, were more effective in inducing both primary and secondary coagulation pathways via shortening the PT and APTT, and induction of platelet aggregation.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2014

The present study primarily focuses on the evaluation of the comparative effect of chemical coagulation and ultrasonication for elimination of aromatic amines (AAs) present in anaerobically pretreated textile wastewater containing different types of dyes including azo dyes. Color and COD reduction was also monitored at the optimized conditions. The production of AAs was measured spectrophotometrically in the form of total aromatic amines (TAAs) and also verified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) selectively. A composite coagulant, magnesium chloride (MC) aided with aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) in an equal ratio (MC + ACH) was utilized during the coagulation process, which yielded 31% of TAAs removal along with 85% of color and 52% of COD reduction. At optimized power (200 W) and sonication time (5 h), an appreciable TAAs degradation efficiency (85%) was observed along with 51% color reduction and 62% COD removal using ultrasonication. The chromatographic data indicate that sulphanilic acid and benzidine types of aromatic amines were produced after the reductive cleavage of utilized textile dyes, which were effectively mineralized after ultrasonication. The degradation followed the first order kinetics with a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.89 and a first-order kinetic constant (k) of $0.0073min^{-1}$.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2011

Nanofiltration (NF) experiments were conducted to investigate fouling of Al-hydroxide precipitate and the influence of organic compound, inorganic compound, and their combination, i.e., multiple foulants. $CaCl_2$ and $MgSO_4$ were employed as surrogates of inorganic compounds while humic acid was used as surrogate of organic compound. The flux attained from NF experiments was fitted with the mathematical fouling model to evaluate the potential fouling mechanisms. Al-hydroxide fouling with a cake formation mechanism had little effect on the NF membrane fouling regardless of the Al concentration. The NF fouling by Al-hydroxide precipitate was deteriorated in presence of inorganic matter. The effect of Mg was more critical in increasing the fouling than Ca. This is because the Mg ions enhanced the resistances of the cake layer accumulated by the Al-hydroxide precipitate on the membrane surfaces. However, the fouling with Mg was dramatically mitigated by adding humic acid. It is interesting to observe that the removal of the conductivity was enhanced to 61.2% in presence of Mg and humic acid from 30.9% with Al-hydroxide alone. The influence of dissolved matter (i.e., colloids) was more negative than particulate matter on the NF fouling for Al-hydroxide precipitate in presence of inorganic and organic matter.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam(EGB)" currently used in clinical treatment of PID Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppressive effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effects of "EGB" in vitro. Also, suppression of pulmonary embolism and changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model were studied in vivo. Results: In this study, EGB extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. Also it showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control group. EGB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model and increased the number of platelets and amount of fibrinogen, and decreased the APTT in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control group. EGB extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed compared to the control group. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam". Various clinical applications of "Eungapbang-gagam" as well as use of data for the construction of EBM is anticipated.