• Macromolecular Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2005

Microbial hydrogel was prepared by ${\gamma}-irradiation$ of poly(${\gamma}-glutamic acid$) (PGA) which was produced from Bacillus subtilis BS 62 and it's physico-chemical characteristic was examined. The hydrogel, prepared from 10% PGA with the dose of 48 kGy, was swollen up to 1,370 times of specific water content as dry weight basis. The hydrogels obtained above the dose of 48 kGy appeared to have higher compressive strength but lower specific water content. The period to reach a swelling equilibrium for the hydrogel in deionized water at the temperature range of 4 to $45^{\circ}C$ was about 10 h. The swollen hydrogel was shrunk in ionic solutions with the increase of ionic strength, and the rate of shrinkage was greater in calcium chloride solution than in sodium chloride. Specific water content of the hydrogel was quickly decreased at $80^{\circ}C$, showing a thennally hydrodegradable property.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

Various studies have been conducted to improve silica dispersion of silica filled tire tread compounds; among them, silica wet masterbatch (WMB) technology is known to be suitable for manufacturing silica filled compounds that have high silica content and high dispersibility. Till now, the WMB study is focused on the natural rubber (NR) or emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) that does not have a silica-affinity functional group, and a study of NR or ESBR having a silica-affinity functional group is still not well known. Unlike the dry masterbatch technology, the WMB technology can solve the problems associated with the high Mooney viscosity when applied to silica-friendly rubber. However, a coagulant suitable for each functional group has not yet been determined. Therefore, in this study, different coagulant applied silica WMB was prepared by applying calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid by using a carboxyl group functionalized reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ESBR. The evaluation of the WMB compounds revealed that the calcium chloride added WMB compound showed excellent silica dispersion, abrasion resistance, and rolling resistance.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

Highly purified high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fractions containing a putative calcium influx factor (CIF) were prepared from the Jurkat cells and Xenopus oocytes in which $Ca^{2+}$ stores were depleted by thapsigargin treatment and from the yeast in which intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores were also depleted by genetic means. Microinjection of the fractions has been shown to elicit $Ca^{2+}$ dependent currents in Xenopus oocytes. The nature of the membrane currents evoked by the putative CIF appeared to be carried by chloride ions since the current was blocked by the selective chloride channel blocker 1 mM niflumic acid and its reversal potential was about -24 mV. Injection of the calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) eradicated the current activities, suggesting the current responses are entirely $Ca^2$-dependent. Moreover, the currents were sensitive to the removal of extracellular calcium, indicating the dependence on calcium entry through the plasma membrane calcium entry channels. CIF activities were insensitive to protease, heat, and acid treatments and to Dische-reaction whereas the activities were sensitive to nucleotide pyrophosphatase and hydrazynolysis. The fraction might have a sugar because it was sensitive to Molisch test and Seliwaniff's resorcinol reaction. From the above results, CIF as a small and stable molecule seems to have pyrimidine, pyrophosphate, and a sugar moiety.oiety.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2003

Storage stabilities of soybean curds using cuttle bone powder treated with acetic acid (ATC-soybean curd) and calcium chloride (calcium chloride-soybean curd) as a coagulants were examined. The pH, turbidity of soaking solution, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts of calcium chloride-soybean curd did not change up to 6 days of storage, then decreased rapidly in pH and turbidity and increased rapidly in titratable acidity and viable cell counts, whereas those of ATC-soybean curd did not change up to 9 days of storage, then decreased slowly in pH and turbidity and increased slowly in titratable acidity and viable cell counts. Regardless of coagulants and storage period, white index of soybean curds did not change during cold storage. Hardness and brittleness of calcium chloride-soybean curd decreased rapidly up to 3 days in of storage, remained stable from 3 days to 6 days, then decreased rapidly. Hardness and brittleness of ATC-soybean curd also decreased rapidly up to 3 days in of storage and remained stable from 3 to 9 days, but then decreased slowly. Regardless of coagulants, results of sensory evaluation were similar to those of physicochemical tests. Judging from the above results, shelf-lives were determined as 9 and 6 days for ATC- and calcium chloride-soybean curds, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2000

This experiment was performed to study of Gagambipachungpe-Eum extract solution's effects on acne. Anti-inflammatory edema, anti-histamine, vascular permeability, acne by induced oleic acid, ileum contraction of mice and guinea-pig was measured by oral administration, topical application or both of the sample to the acne of the experimental animals. Dose of samples were taken by 500 and 1,500mg/dl at the experiments. The results were as follows. 1. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $0.5\%$ Carrageenin have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2, 3(p<0.05) and 4 hours(p<0.01) of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group. 2. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $1.0\%$ Dextran have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2 and 4 hours of the high density 1,500mg/kg oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 3. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on mouse hind paw edema induced by $1.2\%$% Histamine have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 4. Only high density 1,500mg/kg - oral administration group of Gagambipachungpe-Eum as compared with sample group have significant effects on increased vascular permeability induced by histamine, picryl chloride induced contact dermatitis(p<0.01) and writhing syndrome induced by $0.7\%$ acetic acid(p<0.05) in mice. 5. All of the sample groups, Sample-Ⅰ(orally administered), Sample-Ⅱ(topically administered 500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅲ(topically administered 1,500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅳ(administered simultaneous orally and topically) on acne induced by o1eic acid in rabbit ears has the significant recovery on induced acne after 14 days 6. Gagambipachungpe-Eum have the effects on the motility of the isolated mice ileum, on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride in the isolated mice ileum and on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine in the isolated Guinea-pig ileum. According to the about results, it is expected Gagambipachungpe-Eum could be applicable to the treatment of acne.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.2 s.20
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• pp.157-164
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• 2007

An imbalance in bone remodeling that is caused by increased bone resorption over bone formation leads to most adult skeletal diseases including osteoporosis. Since the development of anti-resorptive agents from natural substances has recently gained more interest in the treatment of osteoporosis, we evaluated the effects of 222 natural compounds on receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced of tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell, and found that berberine chloride is one of compounds inhibiting RANKL-induced TRAP activity. Berberine chloride significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced TRAP activity and the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, berberine chloride prevented the RANKL-induced mRNA expression of TRAP, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and c-Src, which have been known to be highly expressed in the process of osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, berberine chloride prevented the RANKL-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) which is one of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. In conclusion, berberine chloride could inhibit the osteoclastogenesis via preventing the activation of ERK/MAP kinase signaling pathway.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1984

The influences of acute respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances on the carotid, renal and coronary blood flow were measured in dogs. Respiratory acidosis was induced by artificial respiration with 8% CO2 -02 gas mixture and respiratory alkalosis was induced by hyperventilation under the control of respirator. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were induced by intravenous infusion of 0.3N hydrochloric acid and 0.6M sodium bicarbonate solution. To observe the effect of hyperkalemia, isotonic potassium chloride solution was infused. CVI electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed on the left common carotid artery, left renal artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Each flow was recorded on polygraph. 1. The carotid blood flow showed rapid showed rapid and marked increase in acute respiratory acidosis. Even in the cases when arterial blood pressure was lowered during the state of respiratory acidosis, carotid blood flow increased. By the infusion of hydrochloric acid, carotid blood flow increased slowly and returned to the previous label after discontinuation of the infusion. Carotid blood flow also increased by the infusion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate, but it might be the combined effect of expansion of extracellular fluid and compensatory elevation of carbon dioxide tension. 2.The renal blood flow remained unchanged during the acute acid-base disturbances, suggesting effective autoregulation. Renal blood flow, however, increased very slowly when the infusion of potassium chloride continued for a long period. 3.Although less marked than the carotid blood flow, the coronary blood flow increased in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. In asphyxiated condition, coronary blood flow increased most markedly and this might be the combined effect of hypoxia, hypercapnea, and lowering of pH. In summary, the carotid blowflow showed more marked change in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis than the renal and coronary blood flow. Respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base disturbances may influence the local blood flow concomitantly, there being more differences in the individual responses, but respiratory component manifested more rapid and marked effect than metabolic component.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 1998

Agaricus blazei Murill, a mushroom which is well known as a potent antitumor agent, contains abundant pharmaceutical substances. To identifY the major components of Agaricus blazei Murill fruiting bodies cultivated in a Korean local farm was analyzed. There were not large differences in chemical compositions of inorganic substances, carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids between Agaricus blazei Murill fruiting bodies cultivated in Korea and those in Japan. However, carbohydrate composition was significantly lower in Agaricus blazei Murill of Korea compared to those of Japan. Total amino acid contents were 280.75 mg% in Agaricus blazei Murill fruiting bodies. Sixteen species of amino acid were identified by high performance liquid chromatography except cysteine. Linoleic acid, the most abundant fatty acid contained in Agaricus blazei Murill fruiting bodies, was estimated to be 78.3% of total fatty acids.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2012

In this study, p-acryloyloxybenzoic acid(ABA) was synthesized with p-hydroxybenzoic acid(HBA) and acryloyl chloride(AC). The synthesized ABA monomer was grafted onto ethylene-propylene-diene rubber(EPDM) in toluene using benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as an initiator. The structures of ABA and EPDM-g-ABA were characterized by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometer. The graft ratio of EPDM-g-ABA increased with increasing the concentration of the initiator and the monomer. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and compression set of the EPDM-g-ABA were improved with increasing the graft ratio. The $T_g$ and initial decomposition temperature were also increased with increasing the graft ratio.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2623-2628
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• 2013

Three di-acyl chlolide reagents, adipoyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride, were used as spacer reagents to prepare bonded type of three cellulose (3,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate (CDMPC) chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The CDMPC CSPs were prepared using these three acid chlorides as spacer agents at the 6-position of the primary hydroxyl group on the glucose unit of cellulose regioselectively. The chiral recognition ability of the prepared CSPs for five racemates was evaluated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the following mobile phases: hexane/isopropanol (IPA), hexane/IPA/tetrahydrofuran (THF) and hexane/IPA/chloroform. The result showed that these prepared CSPs can be used in THF and chloroform solutions and the chiral recognition abilities of the CSPs were improved depending on the eluents and chiral samples.