• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.600-605
• /
• 1998

Present study was investigate to evaluate the aluminum absorption effect on lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus acidophilus ATTC 4356, Lactogacillus bulgaricus ATTC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 ; LAB) and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3627 (CP) in artificial intestinal tract. Their growth rate, aluminum accumulation and cellular distribution was studied under anaerobic broth system. All of above microbes were inhibited by adding 10 to 100ppm of aluminum. The degree of aluminum in LAB (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185) was higher than of CP. The largest amount of aluminum was accumulated in Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842. Aluminum accumulation in LAB was distributed in 49.1% at cell wall, 27.3% at plasma membrane, and 23.6% at cytoplasm, respectively. This study suggests that LAB might help to eliminate the ingested aluminum in intestinal tract.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1994

In the edible parts of chinese cabbage, the NO-3 accumulation was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves and it was higher in the leaf midrib than in the leaf blade. In Radish, it was higher in the aerial part of the root than in the underground part of root. NO-3 accumulation in edible parts of chinese cabbage of organic farming fertilized with compost 8t/10a was about 4 times higher than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen; and was similar to those of conventional farming fertilized with twice the mineral nitrogen rate. But, NO-3 accumulation in radish of organic farming with 8t/10a compost was lower than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen. It showed NO-3 content in the edible parts of vegetables should be considered one of several parpmeters to judge a real safety vegetable to be certified by government.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2015

고창 해빈은 황해의 동편, 한국 서남해 연안에 위치하며, 북쪽에서 남쪽 방향으로 동호리, 광승리, 명사십리 해빈으로 구성된다. 고창 해빈은 대조차, 개방형, 직선형 해안, 모래 저질의 특징을 보인다. 본 연구는 고창 해빈에서 표층 지형 변화와 퇴적물 집적률의 연평균과 계절 특성을 연구하였다. 2014년 겨울(2월), 봄(5월), 여름(8월), 가을(11월)과 2015년 겨울(2월)의 5계절 동안, 3개 측선을 따라 총 315개 지점에서 지형 고도를 측정하였다. 해안선에 수직인 각 측선은 30 m 간격의 21 지점으로 구성된다. 고창 해빈의 2014년 연평균 집적률은 -0.081 m/yr로 침식이 우세하였다. 지역별 연평균 집적률은 동호리 해빈 -0.091 m/yr, 광승리 해빈 -0.051 m/yr, 명사십리 해빈 -0.10 m/yr로 나타났다.

• 사회경제평론
• /
• 제38호
• /
• pp.9-49
• /
• 2012

순운은 개인이 선택하거나 통제할 수 없는 - 선택하거나 통제할 수 없기 때문에 개인에게 책임이 따르지 않는 - 운을 의미한다. 순운의 행불운은 개인에 따라 갈린다. 개인 간 행불운의 차이 때문에 불평등이 발생한다. 운-평등주의적 정의는 순운에 의한 개인 간 행불운의 차이를 재분배를 통해서 제때에 완전하게 제거할 것을 요구한다. 그러나 개인 간 행불운의 차이가 제때에 완전하게 제거되지 않는다면, 더 나아가 개인별행불운이 쌓인다면, 불평등이 어떻게 변할까? 논문은 순운의 행불운을 하늘에서 떨어지는 만나(manna)로서 모형화한다. 만나는 재분배되고 축적된다. 다양한 leximin 재분배 수준과 만나 축적률의 조합에서 만나 축적량 분포의 Gini 계수를 구하는 모의실험을 하였다. Leximin 재분배 수준에 따라 만나 축적률이 높을수록 Gini 계수가 낮은 부(-)의 관계 혹은 만나 축적률이 높을수록 Gini 계수가 높은 정(+)의 관계가 결정된다. Leximin 재분배의 도입이 빠를수록 부(-)의 관계를 갖는 최소 leximin 재분배 수준이 낮다. 낮은 수준의 재분배 정책을 이른 시기에 도입하는 것이 높은 수준의 정책을 늦은 시기에 도입하는 것보다 효과적이다. '선성장 후분배'류의 정책이 개인에게 책임을 물을 수 없는 순불운의 희생자들을 더욱 불리하게 만들 수 있다는 정책적 함의가 있다.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 1995

To determine contribution rate to matrimonial wealth accumulation of urban housewives, a survey was made toward them by using questionaires from September 1994 to October 1994. Three hundred-eighteen housewives were randomly selected from Pusan area. The results obtained were as follows. Average contributing rate to household income was 65.7 percent for husbands and 34.3 percent for wives. The contribution rates evaluated by themselves of wives were 38.1 percent for the house property; 36.5 percent for the savings; 9.6 percent for the real estate; 5.2 percent for the land; 9.3 percent for the stocks & bonds; and 9.2 percent for others. It is suggested that 50 percent and over 50 percent of matrimonial properties have to be recognized to the wives who changed their occupations to house work and employed wives, respectively.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.227-236
• /
• 2002

For ten firn cores, from both the eastern and the western side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), snow accumulation rate and isotopic temperature were measured far the recent 50 years. Results show that snow accumulation for five cores over the eastern side of LGB (GC30, GD03, GD15, DT001, and DT085) at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land increases, whereas it decreases at the western side (Core E, DML05, W200, LGB 16, and MGA) at Dronning Maud Land, Mizuho Plateau and Kamp Land. For the past decades, the increasing rate was $0.34-2.36kg\;m^{-2}a^{-1}$ at the eastern side and the decreasing rate was $-0.01\;-\;-2.36kg\;m^{-2}\;a^{-1}$ at the western side. Temperatures at the eastern LGB were also increased with the rate of $0.02%o\;a^{-l}$. At the western LGB it was difficult to see clear trends, which were confirmed by Instrumental temperature records at coastal stations. Although statistic analysis and modeling results display that both surface temperature and accumulation rate has increased trends in Antarctic ice sheet during 1950-2000, the regional distributions were much more different for different geographic areas. We believe that ice-core records at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land reflect the real variations of SST and moisture change in the southern India Ocean. For the Kamp Land and Dronning Maud Land, however circulation pattern was different, by which the climate was more complicated. The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) aimed to reveal an overall spatial pattern of climate change over Antarctic ice sheet for the past 200 years. This study points the importance of continental to regional circulation to annual-decadal scale climate change in Antarctica.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 1995

차광의 효과가 있다고 알려져 있는 비닐 하우스내에서의 질소다비재배시 일조부속으로 인한 배추의 가식부위내 $NO_3^-$ 집적량의 변화를 밝히고자 차광정도를 달리한 하우스내에서의 질소수순별 처리를 두어 배추 수량과 가식부위내의 $NO_3^-$ 함량을 분석한 결과, 보비구, 배비구 모두 전일광 조건에 비해 15% 차광조건에서 엽장 엽폭, 엽수, 근장, 근폭 근중 및 수량이 최고에 달했으나 30% 이상의 차광조건에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 배추의 최고 수량은 452g으로서 배비구+차광 15% 처리구에서 나타났다. 전일광조건에서 $NO_3^-$ 집적량이 $4,373mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 높았던 외부중록은 차광처리에 따른 $NO_3^-$ 집적량의 증가폭이 적었으나, $NO_3^-$ 집적량이 $1,159mg\;kg^{-1}$, $212mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 낮았던 내부엽중륵 및 내부엽신은 $3,492mg\;kg^{-1}$, $2,435mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 3배, 11.5배로 상승하였다. 차광조건의 경우 엽신보다는 중륵이 내부보다는 외부 가식부위의 $NO_3^-$ 집적량이 많았으며 외부중륵($4,872mg\;kg^{-1}$) >내부중륵($2363mg\;kg^{-1}$) >외부엽신($1.405mg\;kg^{-1}$) >내부엽신($727mg\;kg^{-1}$)의 순으로 낮았다. 15% 까지의 차광에서 보비구의 가식부위별 $NO_3^-$ 집적량은 지상부 지하부 생육 및 수량과 비례적인 증가를 나타냈으나. 배비구의 경우 가식부위인 지상부, 지하부 및 수량의 증가폭 보다 $NO_3^-$ 집적량 증가가 더 컸고, 30%이상의 차광조건에서는 지상부, 지하부 생육 및 수량은 감소하나 오히려 $NO_3^-$ 집적량은 더욱 급격히 증가하였다. 외부엽 중륵의 경우 배비구는 차광정도에 관계없이 $5,000-6,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ 내외에서 일정한 수준을 유지하였으나 보비구는 차광정도가 증가할수록 $NO_3^-$ 집적량도 증가하였다. 결론적으로 비닐하우스내에서의 과다한 질소시비는 바람직 하지 않으며 중륵이 얇은 신품종 배추의 개발보급과 배추이용시 가식부위중 $NO_3^-$ 집적량이 가장 높은 외부엽 엽신과 중륵 부위의 제거가 바람직하다고 판단되었다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.145-158
• /
• 2004

The evaluation of the accumulation of permanent set for inelastic structures due to wind action is important in establishing a criterion to select a reduced design wind load and in incorporating the beneficial ductile behaviour in wind engineering. A parametric study of the accumulation of the permanent set as well as the ductility demand for bilinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems is presented in the present study. The dynamic analysis of the inelastic SDOF system is carried out using the method of Newmark for artificially generated time history of wind speed. Simulation results indicate that the mean of the normalized damage rate is highly dependent on the natural frequency of vibration. This mean value is relatively insensitive to the damping ratio if the damping ratio is larger than 5%. The scatter associated with the accumulation of the permanent set is very significant. The consideration of the postyield stiffness can significantly reduce the accumulation of the permanent set if the ratio of the yield strength to the expected peak response is small. The results also show that the ductility demand due to the wind action over a period of one hour for flexible structures can be much less than that for rigid structures or structures with larger damping ratio if the SDOF systems are designed with a reduced peak response caused by the fluctuating wind.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2009

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and elimination were assessed in the tissues of the clam R. philippinarum at four experimental concentrations (control, 10, 20, 100, and $200\;{\mu}g/L$) over an exposure period of 2 weeks and an elimination period of 1 week. Cd accumulated in the digestive gland, gill, and residual clam tissues, and accumulation increased with time of exposure and concentration (100 and $200\;{\mu}g/L$). After 2 weeks of Cd exposure, the order of Cd accumulation in tissues was gill > digestive gland > residual tissues. An inverse relationship was observed between concentration factor (CF) and exposure level, but the CF showed an increase with exposure time. During the depuration period, Cd concentrations in the digestive gland, gill, and residual tissues decreased immediately on the cessation of exposure, except in individuals at the $200\;{\mu}g/L$ concentration. The Cd elimination rate from tissues decreased in the order of digestive gland > gill > residual tissues during the depuration period.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.711-719
• /
• 2006

The effluent from anaerobic digestion process of slurry-type piggery waste has a characteristic of very low C/N ratio. Because of high nitrogen content, it is necessary to evaluate nitrogen removal alternative rather than conventional nitrification-denitrification scheme. In this study, two parallel treatment schemes of SBR-like partial nitritation reactor coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor, and a nitritation reactor followed by nitrite denitrification process were evaluated with a slurry-type piggery waste. The feed to reactors adjusted with various $NH_4-N$ and organics concentration. The nitrite accumulation was successfully accomplished at the loading rate of about $1.0kgNH_4-N/m^3-day$. The $NO_2-N/NH_4-N$ ratio 1~2.6 in nitritated effluent that operated at HRT of 1 day indicated that SBR-like partial nitritation was applicable to ANAMMOX operation. Meanwhile, the nitrite accumulation of 87% was achieved at SBR operated with HRT of 3 days and $0.4mgO_2/L$ for denitritation. Experimental results further suggested that HRT (SRT) and free ammonia(FA) rather than DO are an effective control parameter for nitrite accumulation in piggery waste.