• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.468-472
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• 2001

출수 조.만에 따른 보리의 생육 및 수량변화를 알고자 최근 맥류 작황 24년('76~'99)자료와 그 중 출수기가 빨랐던 해와 늦었던 해를 추출하여 생육 및 수량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 1. 출수 조.만 그룹사이의 차이는 2월과 3월의 적산온도에 기인하며 특히 2월의 적산온도 차이에 고도의 유의성이 있었다. 2. 10월부터 12월까지의 적산온도가 $650^{\circ}C$ 정도되면 평년정도로 출수하고 62$0^{\circ}C$이하이면 출수 지연, 67$0^{\circ}C$이상이면 조기출수할 것이며 2월까지는 72$0^{\circ}C$되면 평년정도의 출구기일 것이고, $650^{\circ}C$이하이면 출수지연, 78$0^{\circ}C$이상이면 조기출수할 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 출수가 빨라지는 해의 온도유형을 분류하면 월동전 고온형, 월동기~재생기 고온형, 전생육기 고온형으로 나타났다. 4. 출수가 늦어지는 해는 월동~재생기 저온형과 3월 저온형으로 나뉘어졌다. 5. 출수기가 빠른 경우는 구분이 어려웠지만 출수기가 늦은 해는 월동기의 생육기간이 긴 형과 분얼기에 생육기간이 긴형, 전체 생육기간이 긴 형으로 나누어졌다. 6. 출수가 빠른 해의 수량이 출수가 늦은 해보다 많았는데 이는 수수의 증가에 기인한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.214-218
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• 1999

The aim of our study is to develop new algorism for sea fog detection by using Geostational Meteorological Satellite-5(GMS-5) and suggest the techniques of its continuous detection. So as to detect daytime sea fog/stratus(00UTC, May 10, 1999), visible accumulated histogram method and surface albedo method are used. The characteristic value during daytime showed A(min) > 20％ and DA < 10％ when visble accumulated histogram method was applied. And the sea fog region which detected is of similarity in composite image and surface albedo method. In case of nighttime sea fog(18UTC, May 10, 1999), infrared accumulated histogram method and maximum brightness temperature method are used, respectively. Maximum brightness temperature method(T_max method) detected sea fog better than IR accumulated histogram method. In case of T_max method, when infrared value is larger than T_max, fog is detected, where T_max is an unique value, maximum infrared value in each pixel during one month. Then T_max is beneath 700hpa temperature of GDAPS(Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System). Sea fog region which detected by T_max method was similar to the result of National Oceanic and Atmosheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) DCD(Dual Channel Difference). But inland visibility and relative humidity didn't always agreed well.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to select early, late, and abundant flowering trees of black locust from domesticated and introduced cultivars, and prediction of flowering period by calculation of accumulated temperature in spring. Four cultivars (Debreceni-2, Pusztavacs, Jaszkiseri, and Rozsaszin AC) from Hungary and a cultivar from Beijing, China, were introduced, propagated by seed and planted in a seed orchard. For domesticated black locust, 63 cultivars from 10 locations throughout the country were selected and propagated by root cutting. Criteria for selection of domesticated cultivars were abundant flowering, long flowering period, or abundant nectar production with, if possible, straight stems. Accumulated temperature was calculated from data of a nearby weather station by accumulating daily maximum temperature minus 5 degree Celsius from January 1 up to the date reaching 880 degrees. Daily mean temperature was also used to calculate accumulated temperature up to the date reaching 450 degrees. The percentages of two-year and three-year-old flowering trees propagated by root cutting were higher than that of trees propagated by seeds, while four-year-old trees all flowered regardless of propagation methods. Among the domesticated cultivars, all the cultivars from Ganghwa showed abundant flowering with highest nectar production of 6.5 ul per flower, which was 100% more than other domesticated cultivars and 50% more than Debreceni-2 cultivar with highest nectar production among the introduced cultivars from Hungary. At the end of the eight years of observations, two trees of Debreceni-2 cultivars and a tree from Beijing, China were selected for early flowering trees which flowered 2 to 3 days earlier than average trees, while a tree of Debeceni-2 and three trees from Bejing were selected for late flowering trees which flowered 2 to 3 days later than average trees. It is possible to extend the flowering period of black locust by 4 to 6 days by planting early and late flowering cultivars together. Abundant flowering trees were unable to be selected due to severe damages by leaf gall midges which killed many trees and reduced the crown size of the remaining trees in the seed orchard, and which were first found in Korea in 2001 and now damaging most of the black locust forests in Korea. The prediction of flowering period by accumulated temperature indicated that black locust flowered to a peak when accumulated daily maximum temperature reached 880 degrees Celsius, and when daily mean temperature reached 450 degrees.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between the soil freezing depth and the accumulated degree-day of temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ at 17 locations during 1989-1990 winter season in kangwon province. The observed results are as follows : 1.When accumulated degree-day of temperature below at was 141t at late January soil freezing depth of sunny place was 46.5cm, that of shaded lot was 59 cm, and that of marginal place sunny or shaded area was 55cm, in Chun cheon. 2.Accumulated degree-day of temperature below at of Dae gwangryong area was more than that of Un-du, whereas soil freezing depth of Dae gwangryong was lower that of Un-du. It was considered that snow covering worked as heat insulator. 3.Soil freezing depth of vinyl mulching on Zoysia turf was less by around 2Ocm than that of non-vinyl mulching. Rice hulls covering of 4Ocm showed the great heat insulation effects with the soil freezing depth of 1.5cm at sunny place and 6.5cm at shaded lot compared to that of 47cm at sunny and 59.5 cm at shaded place bare ground. 4.Among investingated areas, Dunae, Honeg seong gun was the deepest soil freezing, 89cm with $569^{\circ}C$ of accumulated degree-day of temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ at late February. 5.dehydration of Juniperus C. var. Kaizuca, Euonymus japonica, and Chamaecyparis pisifira at winter season was around 5 %, however dehydration of Vinca minor was more than 10 %. A Studies on the Soil Freezing Depth and Change of Moisture contents in evergreen Plants upon subzero Temperature in Kangwon area.(2)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2005

Growth and development of a plant over a growing season is closely related to the daily accumulation of heat. Heat unit measured by accumulated growing degree days (GDD) is becoming increasingly popular to estimate the growth of a plant or even in insect. GDD or heat accumulation per day is measured by calculating average daily temperature and then subtracting the base temperature below which growth does not occur. Heat accumulation per day is added for the desired period and accumulated GDD is determined. The present study was conducted in five seasons in an established garden with K-2, S-36 and V-1 mulberry varieties belonging to Morus indica L. grown under completely irrigated condition at the farm of CSRTI, Mysore during 2001 - 2002. Plants were pruned in each season and the growth of the plant measured by total shoot length and fresh leaf yield was recorded at an interval of 5 days starting from 30 days of pruning (DAP) to 70 days when all the plants were pruned. The accumulated GDD for the corresponding days were recorded and used for analysis. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) have been found to be perfectly correlated with both growth and yield in all the seasons in all the varieties studied. The high $R^2$ values indicated a strong relationship between the accumulated GDD and, growth and yield of mulberry.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 1부
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• pp.83-85
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• 2010

This study, by analyzing autogenous shrinkage of high-strength mortar according to changes of curing temperature, examined whether or not predictive autogenous shrinkage by an accumulated temperature method can be calculated. As a result, it could be known that dependency of autogenous shrinkage on temperature can be examined, but the autogenous shrinkage amount according to accumulated temperature was similar before and after the early $100 ^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ and, after that, the difference in shrinkage amount by curing temperature was large.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2011

나주지역에서 '신고' 배나무의 만개일 및 생육기 기상이 수확일에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 과실 생육일수를 추정할 수 있는 다중 직선회귀 모델을 도출하였다. 만개일이 빠른 해일수록 수확일이 빨라지는 경향이었지만 과실 생육일수는 길어지는 경향이었다. 과실 생육기의 $0^{\circ}C$ 기준 일평균기온과 일최고기온의 생육온도일수와 변이계수는 3,565와 2.9% 및 4,463과 2.5%로 해에 따른 편차가 적었다. 과실 생육일수와 생육기의 월별 일평균기온 및 일최고기온의 생육온도 일수와는 관련성이 낮았지만, 만개후 생육일수별 기상요인과는 관련성이 높게 나왔다. 특히 만개후 1-60일과 31-60일까지의 일평균기온 및 일최고기온의 생육온도 일수와는 높은 부(-)의 상관을 나타내었다. 만개일과 만개 후 1일부터 60일까지의 일평균기온 및 일최고기온의 생육온도 일수를 독립변수로 하여 과실 생육일수를 추정하는 다중 선형회귀식으로 0.7212의 높은 결정계수 값을 얻었다. 따라서 나주지역에서 배 '신고'의 과실 생육일수를 다중 직선회귀 모델식에 의해 72%의 정확도로 추정할 수 있다.

• 오토저널
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.54-60
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• 1988

This study is a theoretical analysis and experimental effect of oxygen concentration, exhaust velocity and trap inlet temperature on particulate ignition temperature with installation of ceramic filter trap in diesel engine. So the following results are obtained. 1, Based on the fundamental experiments of the regeneration process, the analytical model was developed and the results from the analytical model agreed with the experiments, then the validity of the model was proved. 2, The ignition temperature for accumulated particulate was proportional to the exhaust velocity and it was known that the optimum exhaust velocity was about 15m/sec. 3, The ignition temperature for accumulated particulate was inversely proportional to the oxygen concentration and the trap inlet temperature, and a minimum oxygen concentration of 5% was required to sustain regeneration. 4, This experimental filter trap(EX-66) is found about 30% of smoke reduction efficiency in comparison with existing muffler.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

To analyze temporal and spatial changes in vegetation, it is necessary to determine the associated continuous distribution and conduct growth observations using time series data. For this purpose, the normalized difference vegetation index, which is calculated from optical images, is employed. However, acquiring images under cloud cover and rainfall conditions is challenging; therefore, time series data may often be unavailable. To address this issue, La et al. (2015) developed a multilinear simulation method to generate missing images on the target date using the obtained images. This method was applied to a small simulation area, and it employed a simple analysis of variables with lower constraints on the simulation conditions (where the environmental characteristics at the moment of image capture are considered as the variables). In contrast, the present study employs variables that reflect the growth characteristics of vegetation in a greater simulation area, and the results are compared with those of the existing simulation method. By applying the accumulated temperature, the average coefficient of determination (R²) and RMSE (Root Mean-Squared Error) increased and decreased by 0.0850 and 0.0249, respectively. Moreover, when data were unavailable for the same season, R² and RMSE increased and decreased by 0.2421 and 0.1289, respectively.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.174-176
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate generation conditions necessary for the most efficient generation by measuring electricity power under various irradiation conditions, since the photovoltaic generation system has high costs and low efficiency. This thesis aims to investigate generation conditions necessary for the most efficient generation by measuring electricity power under various irradiation conditions, since the photovoltaic generation system has high costs and low efficiency. Although the generation power increased with the irradiation, the former did not vary directly as the latter. This meant that the variation of the generation power was concerned in the temperature of a module, the ambient temperature, and the directions of irradiation as well as the irradiation. As for the monthly accumulated irradiation and monthly accumulated power, the maximum irradiation and generation power were observed in May and October and the irradiation, the power and the accumulated generation power were all the highest in spring, followed by fall, summer and winter.