• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.483-490
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• 2006

In order to breed hemp variety with nondrug type adapted to Korea, a total of 44 accessions were introduced from Center for plant breeding and reproduction research (CPRO) In Netherland and evaluated for plant growth characteristics and contents of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannbinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabinol (CBN) in Korean climatical and geographical condition. 1. In Korean geographical position which latitude is $34^{\circ}N$, days to flowering and stem length were shorter than in Netherlands which latitude is $52^{\circ}N$. But THC content was not shown significant difference between two areas. 2. Corrected accessions of hemp were classified into 3 variety groups by cluster analysis and 4 accessions including Korean local variety were not classified into any variety group. 3. Most hemp accessions have low THC contents but were not suitable for fiber production in Korea due to short days to flowering and stem length. 4. Among the introduced accessions, IH3 was suitable for breeding material of fiber hemp with non-drug type because of low THC content and similar days to flowering with Korean local variety.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1997

Variation of morphological and physiological traits of 50 Bidens tripartita accessions were studied and the accessions were grouped through cluster analysis based on four major characters; plant type, leaf partition, achene length, days to flowering. Bidens tripartite accessions have shown significant variations in plant type, stem length, days to flowering, leaf shape, leaf partition, chlorophyll content, leaf color, stem color, achene color, achene length and achene shape. Most of Bidens tripartite accessions appeared to have strong dormancy and also photodormancy with some exceptions. Plants could be classified into 5 types from straight(I) to triangle(V), and intermediate diamond type(III) was prevalent. The plant type score has negative correlation with the stem length. None, three, and five part leaved plants were observed and most of them were three or five parted. Leaf partition had negative correlation with achene length and chlorophyll content. Average days to flowering was 108 days in the range of 94~141 days. It had positive correlation with achene length and leaf shape and negative correlation with achene color. Average achene length was 10.0mm and it had positive correlation with achene shape, stem length, days to flowering and leaf shape. It also had negative correlation with leaf color, stem color, achene color, leaf partition. Bidens tripartite accessions could be divided into identifiable six groups from the cluster analysis at the distance 0.06 using Ward's minimum-variance method.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

Azuki bean has never been commercially grown in Thailand, due in part to a lack of suitable varieties. A core collection of 114 azuki bean accessions, originally from different parts of China(northern, central, southern) representing the germplasm of Chinese land races, were evaluated in the experimental field of the Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China from June to October 2004. The same experiment was repeated at Kamphaeng Saen campus of Kasetsart University, Thailand from February to May 2005. Yield, yield components, and agronomic traits were recorded in all accessions in order to identify certain genotypes for further investigation. The statistical parameters that were used as indicators of phenotypic variation were mean, coefficient of variability(CV), correlation coefficient(r), range, mean difference, and phenotypic clustering of the accessions. The results indicated that the azuki bean varieties planted in Kamphaeng Saen were shorter, earlier in growing duration, and lower in plant height, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight, and pods per plant as compared to when they were grown in China. This discrepancy was caused largely by the combined effect of temperature, rainfall, and day length. The traits that were rather stable in both locations were branches per plant and seeds per pod. Azuki bean varieties from northern China showed higher response to the changing environments compared with those from central and southern China. Some agronomic traits showed high correlation coefficient between the environments in Thailand and China. The CV of agronomic traits in both locations were ranked in descending order as follows: seed yield per plant, pods per plant, branches per plant, plant height, 100-seed weight, seeds per pod, and growing duration. The CV of seeds per pod and branches per plant were almost the same in both locations. Yield per plant in China correlated well(r=0.75) with pods per plant, but not with the other traits. Based on their response to both environments, the azuki bean accessions can be broadly divided into four groups, viz. northern 1, northern 2, central, and southern. This implied that there was more diversity, but probably less stability among the accessions originating from northern China.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2007

Four sulfonylurea(SU)-resistant Monochoria vaginalis(M. vaginalis) accessions were tested for levels of resistance to four SU herbicides which have been widely using in paddy fields of Korea, based on whole plant response and sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase(ALS). The resistant Naju, Nonsan and Gimje accessions were not affected to the survival by treatment with recommended dose of all SU herbicides tested. The $GR_{50}$ values for the Naju, Nonsan and Gimje accessions were 8- to 33-fold, 8- to 30-fold and 7- to 32-fold higher to recommended doses of all SU herbicides tested than the susceptible Cheongdo accession, respectively. However, the $GR_{50}$ values for Kimhae accession displayed an intermediate response and was only 4-to 13-fold more resistant than the susceptible accession. The ALS $I_{50}$ values for the Naju, Nonsan and Gimje accessions were 25- to 66-fold, 9- to 26-fold and 10- to 24-fold higher to recommended doses of all SU herbicides tested than the susceptible Cheongdo accession, respectively. However, the $I_{50}$ value for Kimhae accession was 4- to 9-fold more resistant than the susceptible accession, as determined by $I_{50}$ values of ALS.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2005

Hemp is cultivated to produce fiber and seeds for extracting vegetable oil. This study was carried out to obtain reliable data on fatty acid profile including ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid (GLA) in seeds of hemp accessions with regard to suitability for both human nutrition and pharmaceutical purposes. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid including ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid were high but saturated fatty acid including palmitic acid were low in the seeds of hemp accessions, perilla and evening primrose. The ratio of GLA in fatty acid profile of evening primrose and hemp seeds were 12.5% and 2.1 %, respectively but not detected in perilla seeds. In the fatty acid profile of hemp seeds accessions, the range and coefficient of variation of GLA were $0.8%{\sim}3.8%$ and 42.9%, respectively which are highest among the fatty acid. Among the major characteristics and fatty acid ratios, flowering date and ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid showed highly positive correlation but not showed any significant correlation between THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and any fatty acids. Among the fatty acid ratios, negative correlation were showed between palmitic acid and ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid, and showed highly negative correlation between oleic acid and ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid, linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid. The accessions of high GLA ratio were originated from Europe including Central Russia, and were short in flowering date and stem height.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 2016

The morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among 32 germplasms of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum collected from two farms in Korea were investigated. The traits with the most variability were seed color, leaf size, and spine size. The intraspecific polymorphism of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 96.5% and 60.3%, respectively. The genetic diversity and Shannon’s information index values ranged from 0.11 to 0.33 and 0.19 to 0.50, with average values of 0.26 and 0.42, respectively. Two ISSR primers (UBC861 and UBC862) were able to distinguish the different species. The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) revealed variability among the accessions ranging from 0.116 to 0.816. The intraspecific GSM for Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 0.177-0.780 and 0.250-0.816, respectively. The GSM findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have high genetic diversity and possess germplasms qualifying as good genetic resources for cross breeding. The clustering analysis separated Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum into independent groups, and all accessions could be classified into three categories. Z. Schinifolium var. nermis belonged to independent groups. Comparison of the clusters based on morphological analysis with those based on ISSR data resulted in an unclear pattern of division among the accessions. The study findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have genetic diversity, and ISSR markers were useful for identifying Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.385-389
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• 2014

Flavonols as a major kind of plant secondary metabolites are known for health-promoting compounds in onions (Allium cepa L.). The objectives of this study are to determine profiles of flavonol glycosides in different 75 onion accessions. A total of five flavonols (quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside, Q34'diG; quercetin 3-glucoside, Q3G; quercetin 4'-glucoside, Q4'G; isorhamnetin 4'-glucoside, I4'G; quercetin, Q) were identified from onion accessions. In positive ion mode using LC-ESI-MS, individual flavonols were confirmed from one and two glycosylation binding with aglycone such as quercetin and isorhamnetin. Total flavonol contents were distributed in white onion (range of 0.18-6.47 mg/g DW) and purple onion accessions (range of 2.39-6.47 mg/g), respectively. The mean of flavonol contents in purple onion (4.41 mg/g) showed 1.4-fold higher than white onion (3.23 mg/g). The Q34'diG and Q4'G were considered as the major compounds of flavonol glycosides in onion accessions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.386-392
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• 2016

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession. Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 ($RC_{50}$; $1.89{\pm}2.88{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and higher 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 ($RC_{50}$; $35.48{\pm}2.42{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 cm to 48 cm, the total phenolic contents ranged from $3mg{\cdot}GAE/g$ to $77mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and total flavonoid contents ranged from $0.09mg{\cdot}QE/g$ to $1.07mg{\cdot}QE/g$. Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 1997

To determine variations in leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), leaflet size (LS), and leaflet shape index (LSI), and their association with eight agronomic traits, characterization data of 884 soybean accessions which were grown in the autumn of 1992 in Taiwan were analyzed. LL ranged from 4.3 to 14.7 cm, and LW ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 cm. Also, LS (LL $\times$ LW) ranged from 12.1 to 124.6 $\textrm{cm}^2$. The absolute variation of LL, LW, and LS was not large because of limitation in vegetative growth by short day length. None was classified as a large leaflet based on the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. LSI (LL /LW) ranged from 1.21 to 3.06, and three accessions were classified as narrow leaflet. There were differences in ranges and means of LL, LW, LS, and LSI between and within temperate and tropical accessions. LL, LW, LS, and LSI had highly significant positive correlations with seven agronomic traits and highly significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight except LW for all accessions. There was variation in the closeness of association among leaflet traits, and between and within temperate and tropical accessions. Generally, LL, LW, and LS were more closely associated with days to flowering, plant height at $R_1$ and $R_8$, number of pods per plant; LSI was more closely associated with 100-seed weight than other traits.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.15-28
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• 1996

The effective components of the peony cultivar, Euseongjagyag and Youngcheonjagyag, which were the major cultivars of peony in Kyeongbuk area, were determined with HPLC and TLC. The paeoniflorin content in the root of Euseongjagyag were more than that of Youngcheonjagyag. The root of Euseongjagyag contained much albiflorin and Youngcheonjagyag contained much oxypaeoniflorin in comparision with albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin contents in both cultivars of peony. Paeoniflorin contents in accordance with peony prodution regions were ranged from 2.15% to 4.08%, and paeoniflorin content of local cultivar of Euseong and that of Geochang were approximatly the same but that of Youngcheon was the lowest. Paeoniflorin content in the 18 accessions of peony cultivar which were collected from Kyeongbuk area and harvested on November 1993, were ranged from 1.41% to 5.30%. The 18 accessions of peony were classified with the HPLC chromatogram pattern of peony root extract into the three groups which composed with Euseong peony group(9 accessions), Youngcheon peony group (4 accessions) and Punggi standard peony group(5 accessions). High content of paeoniflorin WaS contained in peony root harvested in May and November. but low content of paeoniflorin was contained in peony root harvested in March and September.