• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.11-25
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• 2009

A method of instrumentally estimating the seismic intensity (MMI) based on Fourier Acceleration Spectrum, which is the so-called 'FAS MMI method' of Sokolov and Wald (2002), was considered for its applicability to Korea. In order to implement the FAS MMI method, the empirical models of mean (m) and standard deviation (${\sigma}$) for Korea were derived for MMI ${\leq}$ IV according to individual seismic intensity by using the site-consistent horizontal FAS of 580 records from 65 isoseismal maps prepared based on the reported MMI of Korea Meteorological Administration. The site-consistent FAS at a site were obtained by correcting the observed FAS for the difference of the site amplification function relative to that of the target site of Class D station (Yun and Suh, 2007) which was evaluated to be a representative site for the generic soil profile of Korea. The FAS m model for MMI ${\leq}$ IV follows the overall linear relation in log space according to seismic intensities, featuring the FAS mean model for MMI = IV similar to that of the global model of Sokolov and Wald (2002). The ${\sigma}$-values of the FAS model are found to be greater than those of the global model for MMI ${\geq}$ V, while significantly lower than those of the global model for MMI = IV.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

A method of instrumentally estimating seismic intensity (MMI) based on the Fourier Acceleration Spectrum of earthquake ground-motion, the so-called 'FAS MMI method' of Sokolov and Wald (2002), was evaluated for its applicability to Korea based on the empirical models of mean (m) and standard deviation (${\sigma}$) for Korea according to individual seismic intensity for MMI ${\leq}$ IV (Yun et al., 2009). This evaluation showed that the error in estimating the seismic intensity using the FAS MMI method is ${\sigma}$ = 0.74 MMI, and was further reduced to ${\sigma}$ = 0.61 MMI if the dependency of the error on earthquake magnitude and distance is additionally corrected. It is also shown that FAS MMI based on the FAS semi-empirically evaluated from small earthquakes for damaging earthquakes in Korea with maximum MMI ${\geq}$ VI could predict the observed MMI with the maximum error of 0.63 by using the combined FAS m-${\sigma}$ models of Korea for MMI ${\leq}$ IV and global region for MMI ${\geq}$ V.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose a method that can reliably evaluate the fundamental period of a rockfill dam using the micro-earthquake records, which were obtained at the domestic dam sites. For total 20 micro-earthquake records obtained at 7 domestic rockfill dam sites against 6 earthquake events which recently occurred, the fundamental periods of seven rockfill dams were evaluated by two kinds of methods; one is a method using acceleration amplification ratio and the other is a method using acceleration response spectrum ratio. Applicability of each method to evaluation of fundamental periods of domestic rockfill dams was examined. In the moderate seismicity region like our country, the method using acceleration response spectrum ratio, which could evaluate the fundamental period of the rockfill dam using the ratio between the response spectrum for acceleration observed at the dam crest and that observed at the dam base or abutment, proved to be reliable and was proposed in this study. From the results of analyses, it was found that the proposed method could consistently evaluate the fundamental period of the rockfill dam and the results obtained by the proposed method were very similar to the results by the existing method which was proposed from the analysis for the earthquake records observed at Japanese dam sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1994

Liquefaction characteristics of the reclaimed marine sand deposits is studied by means of the dynamic response analysis and the cyclic triaxial compression test. 1) From the result of the dynamic response analysis. it was found that the amplification of ground surface maximum acceleration varied with input earthquake motions and soil data, and earthquake coefficients were proposed to be applicable in evaluating liquefaction potential by simplified prediction methods. 2) For upper and soft sand deposits with small N-value, liquefaction strengths estimated by Seed and Idriss's simplified method were lower than those by the cyclic triaxial test while those by Iwasaki & Tatsuoka's or Vs-method were not lower. 3) Simplified methods were inclined to overestimate liquefaction potential in comparison with the dynamic response analysis and the cyclic triaxial compression test Allowable depths of liquefaction(safety factor 1) were estimated to be 7-14m for 0.1 -0.2g of input maximum acceleration.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.665-678
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• 2017

In this paper the tuned mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) is considered for passive vibration control and energy harvesting in harmonically excited structures. The TMDI couples the classical tuned mass-damper (TMD) with a grounded inerter: a two-terminal linear device resisting the relative acceleration of its terminals by a constant of proportionality termed inertance. In this manner, the TMD is endowed with additional inertia, beyond the one offered by the attached mass, without any substantial increase to the overall weight. Closed-form analytical expressions for optimal TMDI parameters, stiffness and damping, given attached mass and inertance are derived by application of Den Hartog's tuning approach to suppress the response amplitude of force and base-acceleration excited single-degree-of-freedom structures. It is analytically shown that the TMDI is more effective from a same mass/weight TMD to suppress vibrations close to the natural frequency of the uncontrolled structure, while it is more robust to detuning effects. Moreover, it is shown that the mass amplification effect of the inerter achieves significant weight reduction for a target/predefined level of vibration suppression in a performance-based oriented design approach compared to the classical TMD. Lastly, the potential of using the TMDI for energy harvesting is explored by substituting the dissipative damper with an electromagnetic motor and assuming that the inertance can vary through the use of a flywheel-based inerter device. It is analytically shown that by reducing the inertance, treated as a mass/inertia-related design parameter not considered in conventional TMD-based energy harvesters, the available power for electric generation increases for fixed attached mass/weight, electromechanical damping, and stiffness properties.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.741-777
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• 2016

A simplified approach of assessing torsionally balanced (TB) and torsionally unbalanced (TU) low-medium rise buildings of up to 30 m in height is presented in this paper for regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. The Generalised Force Method of Analysis for TB buildings which is illustrated in the early part of the paper involves calculation of the deflection profile of the building in a 2D analysis in order that a capacity diagram can be constructed to intercept with the acceleration-displacement response spectrum diagram representing seismic actions. This approach of calculation on the planar model of a building which involves applying lateral forces to the building (waiving away the need of a dynamic analysis and yet obtaining similar results) has been adapted for determining the deflection behaviour of a TU building in the later part of the paper. Another key original contribution to knowledge is taking into account the strong dependence of the torsional response behaviour of the building on the periodic properties of the applied excitations in relation to the natural periods of vibration of the building. Many of the trends presented are not reflected in provisions of major codes of practices for the seismic design of buildings. The deflection behaviour of the building in response to displacement controlled (DC) excitations is in stark contrast to behaviour in acceleration controlled (AC), or velocity controlled (VC), conditions, and is much easier to generalise. Although DC conditions are rare with buildings not exceeding 30 m in height displacement estimates based on such conditions can be taken as upper bound estimates in order that a conservative prediction of the displacement profile at the edge of a TU building can be obtained conveniently by the use of a constant amplification factor to scale results from planar analysis.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2020

An innovative high-rise timber-concrete hybrid structure was proposed in previous research, which is composed of the concrete frame-tube structure and the prefabricated timber modules as main structure and substructures, respectively. Considering that the timber substructures are built on the concrete floors at a different height, the floor response spectrum is more effective in estimating the seismic response of substructures. In this paper, the floor response spectra of the hybrid structure with different structural parameters were calculated using dynamic time-history analysis. Firstly, one simplified model that can well predict the seismic response of the hybrid structure was proposed and validated. Then the construction site, the mass ratio and the frequency ratio of the main-sub structure, and the damping ratio of the substructures were discussed. The results demonstrate that the peaks of the floor response spectra usually occur near the vibration periods of the whole structure, among which the first two peaks stand out; In most cases, the acceleration amplification effect on substructures tends to be more evident when the construction site is farther from the fault rupture; On the other hand, the acceleration response of substructures can be effectively reduced with an appropriate increase in the mass ratio of the main-sub structure and the damping ratio of the substructures; However, the frequency ratio of the main-sub structure has no discernible effect on the floor response spectra. This study investigates the characteristics of the floor response spectrum of the novel timber-concrete structure, which supports the future applications of such hybrid structure in high-rise buildings.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

As recently, there have been two earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater in Korea and the number of smaller earthquakes has increased, a lot of research and interest in earthquake-resistant design are increasing. Especially, the Pohang earthquake has also raised interest in earthquake-resistant design of port facilities. In this study, experiments and analysis were conducted on the dynamic behavior of upright and inclined breakwaters during earthquakes among port structures through the 1g shaking table test. To this end, three seismic waves were applied to the model to which the similarity law (scale effect) was applied: long period (Hachinohe), short period (Ofunato) and artificial seismic waves. The acceleration and displacement of the upright and inclined breakwaters were analyzed according to whether the DCM method was reinforced during earthquakes based on the results of shaking table test. As the result, the dynamic behavior of the upright and inclined breakwater shows a tendency to suppress the amplification of acceleration as bearing capacity and rigidity increase when DCM method is reinforced.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Recently, cultural heritages in South Korea gain many interests of restoration and preservation from the government since many of that have been severely damaged during earthquakes. Many previous studies in both terms of experimental and analytical approaches have been done to examine structural behavior and decide appropriate methods of preservation. Being motivated by such researches, this research aims to investigate a religious stone pagoda dated back to the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. The structure consists of a granite stone foundation and baked bricks, which resembles the shape of traditional pagodas. In order to examine the structural behavior of the pagoda, an analytical model is implemented using ANSYS, a comprehensive engineering simulation platform. For the time history analysis of the pagoda, several earthquake excitations are chosen and input to simulation modeling. Seismic response of the tower such as time domain, natural frequency, modal shapes and peak acceleration measured at each layer are presented and discussed. In addition, the amplification ratio of the tower is calculated from the accelerations of each layer to determine tower stability in accordance with Korean seismic design guide. The determination and evaluation of status and response of the brick tower by simulation analysis play an important role in the preservation of history as well as valuable architectural heritages in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.61-70
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• 2010

A series of shaking table tests were conducted to estimate the seismic performance of soft ground deposits improved by stone column. The amplification of acceleration, shear strain, and shear wave velocity were evaluated to compare the seismic response of unimproved ground deposits with that of improved ground deposits. From the test results, it was shown that the stone column can prevent large shear deformation in ground deposits. However, it was also found that the acceleration of improved ground deposits may be amplified more than that of unimproved ground deposits when it was subjected to short periodic seismic wave. The results suggest that it is necessary to perform the ground response analysis with model experiments for both unimproved and improved ground deposits to evaluate the effect of stone column on the seismic performance of improved ground deposits.