• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

This study was conducted to provide basic data for development of public information program and public policy which could prevent the medicine abuse in Korea, examining the level of knowledge of medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from the 2,011 residents who live in mtropolitan cities, large-sized cities, small and medium cities, and small towns The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) In case of purchasing of medicines in pharmacy, 67.3％ of the respondents chose the medicines through recommendations of the professionals such as pharmacists and doctors, while 32.7％ of the respondents chose the medicine through self-judgement, advertizing, or recommendation of relative. 2) 64.7％ of the respondents obtained the information on medicines through TV. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, the unmarred, a brother and sister threesome, highschool graduates, housewives, residents in small and medium cities, atheists, and the middle class, displaying the significant difference from the other groups. 3) 40.5％ of the respondents recognized the side effect of the medicine when they took the medicine, while 34.4％ did not recognize it. The rate of experience in the side effect was 39.7％. The informations on the medicine abuse and the risk of addiction were obtained through broadcast media (47.9％), publications (12.1％), and health professionals (11.6％). 4) 81.1％ of the respondents experienced taking of the fatigue relieving medicine. The experience in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine appeared to be higher in the groups of the forties. the married. a brother and sister threesome. highschool graduates. persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry, the residents in small towns, and Christians. Each group displayed the significant difference from the other groups. 5) According to the level of knowledge of medicines, the respondents marked average 11.7 ± 3.76 points on the base of 24 points. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, a brother and sister foursome, college graduates, teachers, Catholics, and the middle class, displays the significant difference from the other groups. 6) According to the experience in taking of health medicine and health food, 81.1％ of respondents had the experience in taking ‘the fatigue relieving medicine’; 72.4％ ‘carrot or vegetable juice’; 69.5％ ‘ginseng’; 63.0％ ‘mushroom’; 42.5％ ‘dog meat’; 38.0％ ‘aloe’; 36.4 ‘deer antlers’; 11.4％ ‘snake’; 2.0％ ‘the penis of a fur seal’. 7) The factors influencing the level of knowledge of medicine include experiences in taking of the tonic, the fatigue relieving medicine, and the nutritive medicine, economic status, the number of brothers and sisters, education level, marital status, father's education level, and age. The factors influencing the experience in side effect of medicine are experiences in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine, the nutritive medicine, and the tonic, sex, age, education level, father's education level, marital status, economic status, religion, and the number of brothers and sisters. In conclusion, it is estimated that the level of knowledge of medicines is significantly low in Korea. Especially, it is found out that workmen, students, the upper class, the class of low education level, and persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry neglect importance of knowledge of medicine. Therefore, it is necessary for public authority, associations related, and health professionals to develop programs for public information and education to help people obtain basic knowledge of medicine.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

Pain is subjective and greatly influenced by prior experiences, but it is real. Pain associated with an organic(objective) pathology is more easily explained and treated. However, atypical or unexplainable pain is usually a source of greater confusion and frustration. Pain may be divided into four general diagnostic categories. 1) pain with anatomic features and objective findings 2) pain with anatomic features and without objective findings 3) pain with non-anatomic features associated with stress and somatization 4) pain with non-anatomic features associated with perceived physical injury. There is a well-established relationship between emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse history and development of chronic pain. It has been suggested that the link between somatization and abuse involves a paradoxical pattern of hiding feelings and reality, while seeking acknowledgment of suffering. History of abuse may physiologically and developmentally increase a person's susceptability to pain and organic changes can be associated with psychogenic disease. Patients with chronic pain should be treated with multidisciplinary approaches including exercise, meditation, cognitive therapy, medications, and biofeedback. Cognitive therapy alters patient's cognition and management of pain and alleviates pain, especially associated with stress. Antidepressants are the most commonly used medications and pain control effects have no relation with mood changes. Biofeedback with relaxation training, exercise and meditation may also be effective in pain control.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.255-280
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• 2016

This study examined sexual violence characteristics among the individuals who utilized victim support services provided by National Rape Crisis Intervention Centers in Korea. The study is the part of a Korean longitudinal study on sexual assault characteristics and its implications for post-abuse adjustments, which is supported by Korean Mental Health Technology R&D Project. Eleven national rape crisis centers nationwide and 29 NGO's participated in the study. The participating centers provided the data on sexual abuse characteristics from their standardized case management system. The cases were randomly selected from the system. Total of 1077 cases were gleaned from the system and utilized for this analysis. Results indicated that the abuse characteristics differed by victims' age (children, adolescent vs. adults) as well as relationship with perpetrator. We could identify six different profile groups based on the detailed violence characteristics. The results assured us of the importance to understand the detailed characteristics of sexual violence and the old notion that 'one size may not fit all'. The results from the profile analyses may have important implication for developing victim support programs and appropriately allocating agency resources according to the different profiles of the service users.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.571-575
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• 2014

Background Disulfiram implantation is a widely used treatment alternative for alcohol abuse, yet reports on the surgical aspect of disulfiram implantation with respect to patient and drug-related treatment efficacy and wound complications are very limited. We present our clinical experiences with disulfiram implantation and discuss the surgical outcomes obtained with different anatomical planes for implantation. Methods Medical records of all patients referred to our clinic from the psychiatry department between 2007 and 2013 for disulfiram implantation were retrospectively analyzed. Implantation was carried out using 10 sterile Disulfiram tablets (WZF Polfa S.A.), each tablet containing 100 mg of disulfiram. The procedure was carried out by implanting the tablets randomly in either a subcutaneous or an intramuscular plane. The location and the plane of implantation and the complications were recorded for each patient and compared to determine the differences in the outcomes. Results A total of 32 implantation procedures were evaluated for this study. Twenty-five implants were placed in the intramuscular plane (78.2%), while seven implants were placed subcutaneously (21.8%). Exposure was encountered in three of the seven subcutaneous implants (42.9%), while no exposure was seen with the intramuscular implants. Incomplete absorption of the tablets was encountered in one patient with a previous subcutaneous implant who presented 1 year later for re-implantation as part of the continuation of therapy. Conclusions To overcome the issue of treatment continuation in the case of disulfiram therapy, which may be ceased due to frequently encountered wound complications, we believe that implantation in the subscapular intramuscular plane allows both uneventful healing and an out-of-reach implant location.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.165-191
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the major predictive factors of intention of drug users to use treatment services. The theoretical framework was used extended Behavioral Model of Health Services Use which integrates the Andersen model and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Thus, this study examined the effects of individual characteristics(predisposing, enabling, need factor) and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control on drug users' intention to use treatment services. Factors with a statistically significant effect were as follows: from the individual characteristics - gender and past treatment experiences of the predisposing factors along with psychiatric diagnosis, anxiety and depression, and severity of drug abuse of need factors. From the Theory of Planned Behavior - subjective norm and perceived behavior control turned out to have impacts on their intention to use treatment services. The study emphasizes that a concern of women, increasing positive experiences of treatment, efforts to change the subjective norms and perceived behavior control of drug users to promote their determination to get treatment.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.869-881
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of violent experiences, the types of responses to violent experiences, the coping methods among nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 226 nurses in 12 long-term care hospitals in J province. Data collection was performed between April 15, 2016 and April 29, 2016. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and ${\chi}2-test$. Of all the respondents, 55.8% had experienced violence in the past 1 year. Of the perpetrators of the violence, 54.6% and 60.0%, were aged 65 and over and had cognitive functional decline, respectively. The most frequent type of violence was verbal abuse(90.5%). Following the violent experiences, emotional responses had the highest score($2.8{\pm}0.8$). The major coping behavior was "told their peers(84.1%)", followed by "disregarded it and worked although it felt bad(75.4%)". These results indicate the need to establish systems for violence prevention and coping, as well as applicable educational programs, tailored to the circumstances of long-term care hospitals and the characteristics of their patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1995

Family is a primary unit of the major socialization processing for children. Parents among the family members are one of the most important figures from whom the child and adolescent acquire a wide variety of behavior patterns, attitudes, values and norms. An organization of family members product family structural functioning. Abnormal family structure is one of the most important reference models in the learning of antisocial patterns of behavior. Therefore incest and child sexual abuse including spouse abuse, elderly abuse, and neglect occurs in the abnormal family structural setting. In particular, incest, a specific form of sexual abuse, was once thought to be a phenomenon of great rarity, but our clinical experiences, especially over the past decade, have made us aware that incest and child sexual abuse is not rare case and on the increasing trend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family problem and dynamics of incest family, and character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim in Korea. A total of 1,838 adolescents from middle and high school(1,237) and juvenile correctional institute(601) were studied, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutes, using proportional stratified random sampling method. The subjects' ages ranged from 12 to 21 years. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done by IBM PC of Behavior Science Center at the Korea university, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, principal component analysis and t-test etc. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Of 1,071 subjects, 40(3.7%) reported incest experiences(sibling incest : 1.6% ; another type of incest : 2.1%) in their family setting. 2) The character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim was more socially maladjusted, immature, impulsive, rigid, anxious and dependent than non-incest adolescent. Also they showed some problem in academic performance and their assertiveness. 3) The other family members of incest family revealed more psychological and behavioral problem such as depression, alcoholism, psychotic disorder and criminal act than the non-incest family, even though there is no evidence of the context between them. 4) The family dynamics of incest family tended to be dysfunctional trend, as compared with non-incest family. It showed that the psychological instability of family member, parental rejection toward their children, coldness and indifference among family member and marital discordance between the parents had significant correlation with incest.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2008

The study identifies gender stereotypes, examines the level of women's economic empowerment at the household level and explores the influence of factors on it. Data were collected from 159 randomly selected farm women using both qualitative and quantitative survey methods between January and March 2007 from three villages of the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh. Four key informants (2 local leaders and 2 development personnel) were questioned to elicit views in the light of boosting women's empowerment. Five constructs of empowerment covering 30 indicators were aggregated together to develop a cumulative economic empowerment index (CEEI) to obtain multidimensional views of women's empowerment. The findings show that there were some prejudices against women in allocating divisions of labour and access to education, food, property, decision-making and institutions. The distribution of the CEEI demonstrates that the majority of the respondents (86%) had a low to moderate level of empowerment. A multiple regression analysis showed positive significant effects of education, training, media contact and freedom of mobility on women's CEEI, while domestic abuse restrained it. It is concluded that interventions by development agencies in co-ordination with the local community was necessary to attain women's self-reliance in the study area. Development actors can undertake some core strategies to enhance women's level of awarencess, knowledge, skills, and productive resources through providing training, loans, and information. To change traditional beliefs, it is important to create awareness of various gender issues amongst rural people through different methods and media.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.91-116
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to compare middle school students' alcohol expectancies with high school students' alcohol expectancies and to identify factors (family history of alcohol problems, television advertisements, age, gender, drinking experience, alcohol prevention education) related to their alcohol expectancies. A total of 1,164 middle school students in seven metropolitan areas in Korea participated in this study. The major finding of this study was that the respondents scored higher on negative alcohol expectancies than high school adolescents. As found in previous studies, factors related to adolescents' alcohol expectancies were also significantly related to respondents' alcohol expectancies in this study. Respondents who had family histories of alcohol problems, had drinking experiences, and were older expect drinking in a more positive manner. This study also found that alcohol advertising affected respondents' alcohol expectancies. However, this study found that current substance abuse prevention programs did not affect respondents' alcohol expectancies at all. This finding may suggest that some changes on current prevention programs should be needed in order to be more effective. Finally the result on the relationship gender and alcohol expectancies in this study was different from previous studies. Female respondents expected drinking more positively than male counterparts. This study suggests that further studies on this issue are necessary.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.409-422
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• 2021

The growing use of prescription analgesic opioids has rapidly escalated the treatment of chronic pain since the 1990s; however, it is also highly needed to control opioid-related issues, including opioids misuse, abuse, and addiction. In 2018, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) secretariat administered the survey on opioids use and policies to OECD countries and presented it at the Health Committee meeting of December 2018. This study aimed to review the opioids use in OECD countries and their policies to prevent and reduce associated harms, also seek the available policy lessons from OECD countries. More recently, opioids prescribing rate have been increased 14.7% between 2011-2013 and 2014-2016 and steadily focused on the main substance misused and abused in Korea. In addition, policy efforts have contributed to developing a guideline for prescribing opioids to steer the appropriate use of prescription analgesic opioids since 2000 in Korea, so it is not enough to control opioids compared with other OECD countries. Therefore, taking a people-centered and public health perspective, it will consider the health system policies and interventions at a national level to improve their preparation and approach to control opioid-related issues.