• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2018

For the disadvantages of multi-scale geometric analysis methods such as loss of definition and complex selection of rules in image fusion, an improved multi-focus image fusion method is proposed. First, the initial fused image is quickly obtained based on the lifting stationary wavelet transform, and a simple normalized cut is performed on the initial fused image to obtain different segmented regions. Then, the original image is subjected to NSCT transformation and the absolute value of the high frequency component coefficient in each segmented region is calculated. At last, the region with the largest absolute value is selected as the postfusion region, and the fused multi-focus image is obtained by traversing each segment region. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can not only simplify the selection of fusion rules, but also overcome loss of definition and has validity.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.323-337
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• 2004

This article coined a general class of estimators for various measures in normal population when some' a priori' or guessed value of standard deviation a is available in addition to sample information. The class of estimators is primarily defined for a function of standard deviation. An unbiased estimator and the minimum mean squared error estimator are worked out and the suggested class of estimators is compared with these classical estimators. Numerical computations in terms of percent relative efficiency and absolute relative bias established the merits of the proposed class of estimators especially for small samples. Simulation study confirms the excellence of the proposed class of estimators. The beauty of this article lies in estimation of various measures like standard deviation, variance, Fisher information, precision of sample mean, process capability index $C_{p}$, fourth moment about mean, mean deviation about mean etc. as particular cases of the proposed class of estimators.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1431-1440
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• 1993

This paper presents a new NC machine performance test and calibration system. In order to measure NC machine erros in simpler, and less time-comsuming way, some indirect measuring systems such as circular disk system and double ball bar system have been developed instead of laser interferometer. But these indirect measuring systems have shown their limits in identifying each of NC machine error sources in absolute numerical value. Therefore, we developed an unique NC machine error measurement system which provides a simple measuring process like other conventional indirect methods and still can indentify each of NC machine error sources in absolute numerical value.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.46-49
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• 1997

This paper reports the first success in enhancement of the magneto-optic figure of merit of garnet films in blue wavelengths. The maximum of the absolute value of the Faraday rotation angle observed at about 500 nm for the films with no La substitution shifted toward shorter wavelength as La content increased, that leads the increase of the absolute value of the Faraday rotation angle in the wavelengths shorter than about 480 nm. The optical absorption coefficient at the wavelengths shorter than 500 nm decreased as La content increased. As a result the magneto-optic figure of merit increased in the wavelengths shorter than 470 nm as La content increased and was about two times larger for the film with La content of 0.6 in formular unit compared to that of the film without La substitution. This might be attributed to the shift of the centers of the charge transfer and crystal field transitions by La substitution.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2004

The primary goal of the present study was to explore more detailed evidence for the influence of aging and gender effects on the capability of Korean healthy, ears to generate DPOAEs. DPOAEs were examined in series of human subjects, with clinically nonnal hearing, ranging in age from 10 to 65 years. All 60 Koreans were divided into 6 age groups. Each age group included 10 participants, 5 females and 5 males. The gender effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did not exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased. The aging effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased but orderly age effects could not be found. The principle finding was that, when compared between emissions in young and old ears, DPOAEs accurately tracked the systematic deterioration of high-frequency hearing in aging individuals. Such results support the need to reestablish the criterion for interpretation of DPOAEs in the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation and tree vitality of Berchemia berchemiaefolia habitat to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics. Totally 9 vegetation data were collected and analyzed. And one plant community (Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community) including 43 families 66genera 72 species 8 varieties and 3 forma was differentiated. Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community was subdivided into Typical subunit and Quercus mongolica subunit. Species showing the higer r-NCD value in the plant community were Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Quercus serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii. In tree vitality result, Berchemia berchemiaefolia population containing 35 individual was estimated 3 monitoring categories; 1) General 2) Principal 3) Absolute. These categories frequencies arranged by the order General Monitoring (85.7%; 30 individual), Principal Monitoring (11.4%; 4 individual) and Absolute Monitoring (2.9%; 1 individual).

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

The absolute absorbed dose can be determined according to the measurement conditions ; measurement material, detector, energy and calibration protocols. The purpose of this study is to compare the absolute absorbed dose due to the differences of measurement condition and calibration protocols for photon beams. Dosimetric measurements were performed with a farmer type PTW and NEL ionization chambers in water, solid water, and polystyrene phantoms using 6MV photon beams from Siemens linear accelerator. Measurements were made along the central axis of $10{\times}10cm$ field size for constant target to surface distance of 100cm for water, solid water and polystyrene phantom. Theoretical absorbed dose intercomparisons between TG21 and IAEA protocol were performed for various measurement combinations on phantom, ion chamber, and electrometer. There were no significant differences of absorbed dose value between TG2l and IAEA protocol. The differences between two protocols are within $1\%\;while\;the\;average\;value\;of\;IAEA\;protocol\;was\;0.5\%$ smaller than TG2l protocol. For the purpose of comparison, all the relative absorbed dose were nomalized to NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer and water phantom, The average differences are within $1\%,\;but\;individual\;discrepancies\;are\;in\;the\;range\;of\;-2.5\%\;to\;1.2\%$ depending upon the choice of measurement combination. The largest discrepancy of $-25\%$ was observed when NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer is used in solid water phantom. The main cause for this discrepancy is due to the use of same parameters of stopping power, absorption coefficient, etc. as used in water phantom. It should be mentioned that the solid water phantom is not recommended for absolute dose calibration as the alternative of water, since absorbed dose show some dependency on phantom material other than water. In conclusion, the trend of variation was not much dependent on calibration protocol. However, It shows that absorbed dose could be affected by phantom material other than water.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 1975

A rapid method for the measurement of the absolute activity of carbon-14 in cotyledons and root of etiolated pea seedlings has been developed. Fresh tissue was frozen in liquid air, ground and suspended in gel phosphor and subjected to measurement for its radioactivity by liquid scintillation counter. Apparent activity of the suspended tissue sample calculated by counting efficiency value obtained by internal standardisation, was found to be related to absolute activity of the tissue, determined by flask combustion technique, by a constant factor. Once this factor is determined experimentally, analysis of C-14 lebelled tissue involves only fairly simple suspension counting by liquid scintillation counter. Present method appears to be applicable to other tissues tagged with C-14.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

G-induced Loss of Consciousness(G-LOC) can be predicted by measuring Electromyogram(EMG) signals. Existing studies have mainly focused on specific body parts and lacked of consideration with quantitative EMG indices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indices of EMG signals by human body parts for monitoring G-LOC condition. The data of seven EMG features such as Root Mean Square(RMS), Integrated Absolute Value(IAV), and Mean Absolute Value(MAV) for reflecting muscle contraction and Slope Sign Changes(SSC), Waveform Length (WL), Zero Crossing(ZC), and Median Frequency(MF) for representing muscle contraction and fatigue was retrieved from high G-training on a human centrifuge simulator. A total of 19 trainees out of 47 trainees of the Korean Air Force fell into G-LOC condition during the training in attaching EMG sensor to three body parts(neck, abdomen, calf). IAV, MAV, WL, and ZC under condition after G-LOC were decreased by 17 %, 17 %, 18 %, and 4 % comparing to those under condition before G-LOC respectively. Also, RMS, IAV, MAV, and WL in neck part under condition after G-LOC were higher than those under condition before G-LOC; while, those in abdomen and calf part lower. This study suggest that measurement of IAV and WL by attaching EMG sensor to calf part may be optimal for predicting G-LOC.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.865-870
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thyroid hormonal (TSH, $T_3$, and $T_4$) changes following weight loss by diet with regular exercise in obese women. The subjects of the present study were 7 women who were above 30% body fat. The subjects arrived into the laboratory in the morning after 12 hour overnight fasting. All subjects measured RMR, % body fat, and fat free mass at weight loss program start time, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value (kcal/day), absolute value/FFM (kcal/day/FFM), and absolute value/BSA (kcal/$m^2$/hr), and were calculated predicted RMR value minus actual RMR value. Also, correlation of blood thyroid hormonal (TSH, $T_3$, and $T_4$) secretion and RMR were analyzed. There were significant differences in weight, % body fat, and BSA following diet with exercise (p<0.05). Also, there was a difference between predicted RMR and actual RMR value following weight loss (p<0.05). We also examined the hormonal changes according to weight loss. After weight loss, the level of TSH and $T_4$ were higher than before. But there were no significant differences. Also, the level of $T_3$ was lower than rather before but there was no significant difference. Among the anthropometric factors, FFM was highly correlated (r=0.761) with actual RMR value before weight loss. Also, there was a correlation (r=0.771) with actual RMR value after weight loss. Therefore, actual RMR expressed as FFM increased in weight loss program by diet with exercise. There were no changes in the level of thyroid hormonal TSH and $T_4$.