• 제목/요약/키워드: above-ground length

검색결과 127건 처리시간 0.032초

Effects of soil covering materials on the overwintering and the growth of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley

  • Youn, Cheol Ku;Kim, Ki Hyun;Kim, In Jae;Lee, Hee Do;Hong, Seong Taek;Hong, Eui Yon;Kim, Young Kuk;Jang, Jae Gi
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
    • /
    • pp.251-251
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study was performed to select the soil covering materials for winter safety of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley and to investigate the effect on the growth after overwinter. Soil covering materials such as vinyl, rice straw, lagging cover, vinyl+lagging cover, and non-covering were investigated how effect on overwintering rate, growth and yield of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley. In changes of soil temperature according to the soil covering materials, non-covering treatment was recorded the highest to $26.7^{\circ}C$, and lagging cover and rice straw showed little change of soil temperature with 9.2 and $9.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. Regrowth rates of early growth after overwinter were lowered in the order as rice straw > vinly+lagging cover > lagging cover > vinyl > non-covering. From the above-ground growth by soil covering materials, vine length showed similar growth in all treatments except vinyl covering and stem diameter exhibited the thicker pattern in vinyl and lagging cover, and there was no significant difference among treatments in number of branch. Flowering period is recorded July 30 in all treatments and ripening period is October 16. Yield of seed production is showed the best in vinyl+lagging cover with $25g/m^2$. Root weight and root length for subterranean growth showed no significant differences among all treatments. Yield is produced the highest in vinyl+lagging cover with 433kg/10a and the next to lagging cover with 431kg/10a. In comparison with incomes, lagging cover earned to 9,882 thousand won/10a, showed the effect on income enlargement to 21%, compare to that of the non-covering.

  • PDF

무선 랜과 WiMAX 응용을 위한 삼중 대역 삼중 다이폴 준-야기 안테나 설계 (Design of Triple-band Triple Dipole Quasi-Yagi Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications)

  • 여준호;이종익
    • 한국항행학회논문지
    • /
    • 제26권1호
    • /
    • pp.29-34
    • /
    • 2022
  • 본 논문에서는 2.45 GHz 및 5 GHz 무선 랜 주파수 대역과 3.5 GHz WiMAX 주파수 대역에서 동작하는 삼중 다이폴 준-야기 안테나의 설계에 대하여 연구하였다. 제안된 준-야기 안테나는 V-모양 접지면과 직렬로 연결된 세 개의 다이폴로 구성된다. 길이가 가장 긴 반-보우타이 모양의 다이폴은 2.45 GHz 대역에서 공진하고, 중간 길이의 다이폴은 3.5 GHz에서 공진한다. 길이가 가장 짧은 다이폴은 5 GHz 대역에서 공진한다. 다이폴의 길이와 폭, 다이폴 사이의 간격을 조절하여 2.45 GHz, 3.5 GHz 및 5 GHz 대역에서 동작하는 삼중 대역 지향성 안테나를 설계하였고, FR4 기판 상에 45 mm × 55 mm 크기로 제작하였다. 제작된 안테나는 전압 정재파비가 2 이하인 대역이 2.32-2.57 GHz, 3.26-3.69 GHz, 4.50-6.56 GHz로 설계된 삼중 대역에서 동작하는 것을 확인하였다. 이득은 세 대역에서 3 dBi 이상을 유지하였다.

버스계단 내리기 시 구두 힐 높이와 착지거리에 따른 지면반력 파라미터 조사 (Investigation of the Ground Reaction Force Parameters According to the Shoe's heel Heights and Landing Distance during Downward Stairs on Bus)

  • 현승현;류재청
    • 한국운동역학회지
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.151-160
    • /
    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the GRF(ground reaction force) parameters according to the shoes's heel heights and ground landing distances during downward stairs on bus. Participants selected as subject were consisted of young and healthy women(n=9, mean age: $21.30{\pm}0.48$ yrs, mean height: $164.00{\pm}3.05cm$, mean body mass: $55.04{\pm}4.41kg$, mean BMI: $20.47{\pm}1.76kg/m^2$, mean foot length: $238.00{\pm}5.37mm$). They were divided into 2-types of shoe's heel heights(0 cm/bare foot, 9 cm) and also were divides into downward stairs with 3 types of landing distance(20 cm, 35 cm, 50 cm). A one force-plate was used to collect the GRF(AMTI, USA) data from the sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The GRF parameters analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF, anterior-posterior GRF, vertical GRF, loading rate, Center of Pressure(${\Delta}COPx$, ${\Delta}COPy$, COP area) and Dynamic Postural Stability Index(MLSI, APSI, VSI, DPSI) during downward stairs on bus. Medial-lateral GRF and vertical GRF didn't show significant differences statistically according to the shoe's heel heights and landing distance, but 9 cm shoes heel showed higher vertical GRF than that of 0 cm bare foot in landing distance of 50 cm. Also anterior-posterior GRF didn't show significant difference statistically according to the shoe's heel heights, but landing distance of 20 cm showed higher than that of landing distances of 35 cm and 50 cm in anterior-posterior GRF. Loading rate didn't show significant difference statistically according to the landing distance, but 9 cm shoe's heel showed higher than that of 0 cm bare foot during downward stairs. The ${\Delta}COPy$ and COP area didn't show significant differences statistically according to the shoe's heel heights and landing distance, but 0 cm bare foot showed higher than that of 9 cm shoe's heel in ${\Delta}COPx$. Dynamic Postural Stability Index(MLSI, APSI, VSI, DPSI) didn't show significant differences statistically according to the landing distance, but 9 cm shoe's heel showed decreased value than that of 0 cm bare foot in dynamics balance. Considering the above, parameters of GRF showed different characteristics according to the shoe's heel heights and ground landing distances during downward stairs on bus.

쇠무릎의 재식밀도(栽植密度)가 생육특성(生育特性) 및 근(根) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effect of Planting Density on the Growth Characteristics and Root Yield of Achyranthes japonica N.)

  • 김명석;정병준;박규철;박태동;김상철;심재한
    • 한국약용작물학회지
    • /
    • 제6권2호
    • /
    • pp.137-141
    • /
    • 1998
  • 쇠무릎의 적정(適正) 재식밀도(栽植密度)가 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하고자 나주(羅州) 자생수집종(自生蒐集種)을 공시하여 90cm 두둑에 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 조간(條間) 20cm, 25cm, 30cm의 3수준(水準)과 주간(株間) 5cm 7cm, 9cm의, 3수준(水準)으로 처리(處理)하고 시비량(施肥量)을 10a당(當) 실소(室素) 6kg, 인산(燐酸)14kg, 가리(加里)8kg 및 퇴비(堆肥) 1,500kg을 시용(施用) 후(後) 4월(月) 15일(日)에 $4{\sim}5$입(粒)씩 점파(点播)하여 양질(良質)의 생약(生藥) 생산(生産) 및 안정적(安定的)인 재배법(栽培法) 확립(確立)하고자 시험(試驗)한 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양의 화학성(化學性)은 시험후 토양이 시험전 토양에 비해 유기물(有機物), 유효인산(有效燐酸), 칼리, 칼슘, 마그네슘, C. E. C 함량이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 2. $30{\times}9cm$의 소식(疎植) 재배구(栽培區)에서 경태(莖太)가 굵고 주당(株當) 분지수(分枝數) 및 지근수(枝根數)는 많았으나 $25{\times}5cm$(57, 140주(株)/10a) 구(區)에서 면적당 입모수(立毛數)가 많아 경장(莖長)이 길어지고 세근(細根)이 적어진 반면에 주근장(主根長)과 주근경(主根徑)이 커져 단위(單位) 면적당(面積當) 근수량(根收量)은 증가되었다. 3. 건근수량(乾根數量)은 $25{\times}5cm$ 구(區)에서 $25{\times}5cm$ (306kg/10a)의 밀식구(密植區)에 비하여 상근중(上根重) 비율(比率)이 71%로 높아지고 잔뿌리가 적어져 품질이 향상되어 71% 증수(增收)를 보였다. 4. $25{\times}5cm$ 밀식재배(密植栽培)에서 건근수량(乾根收量)은 경태(莖太), 주당(株當) 분지양(分枝數) 생경엽중(生莖葉重) 및 근수(根數)와는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보였으며 경태(莖太), 절수(節數), 주근장(主根長,. 주근경(主根徑) 및 북근중(北根重) 북(比) 율(率) 등(等)과는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 인정되었다.

  • PDF

적색광 처리시기 및 광도가 오이 및 토마토 플러그묘의 생장에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Timings and Light Intensities of Supplemental Red Light on the Growth Characteristics of Cucumber and Tomato Plug Seedlings)

  • 장성호;전익조;박용철;김일섭
    • 생물환경조절학회지
    • /
    • 제12권4호
    • /
    • pp.173-179
    • /
    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 오이와 토마토의 플러그 묘 공정육묘시 발생하는 도장 억제를 위한 적생광 처리시기와 광도의 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 일몰 휴, 야간 및 일출 전 적색광 처리시기에 의한 묘의 도장억제는 일몰 후 처리가 오이와 토마토의 초장을 각각 21.3%와 14.2%로 가장 크게 억제하였고, 경경의 굵기도 가장 두꺼웠다. 엽록소함량은 토마토에서만 일몰 후 처리된 플러스묘의 함량이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 적색광 초리시기에 의한 두 작물의 건물중을 보면, 대조구에 비해 지상부 건물중은 일몰 후와 일출 전 적색광 처리에 의해 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 오이와 토마토 플러그묘의 T/R율은 일몰 후 처리에서 타 처리에 비해 가장 작았으며 조ㅈ직의 충실도는 밀몰 후 처리에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 광도별 처리에 의한 초장은 오이와 토마토 플러그묘 모두에서 광도가 증가함에 따라 초장은 감소하였다. 하배출, 절간장 및 엽면적도 초장과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 두 작물 모두 경경과 엽록소함량 및 조직의 충실도는 광도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만 지상부와 지하부의 건물율은 광도의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 오이는 2 및 8 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 적색광 처리구에서 토마토는 8 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$처리구에서 가장 낮은 T/R율을 나타내었다.

Investigation on sink/source related traits and their relation of watermelon germplasm to promote use

  • Hwang, Hyun-Chul;Yi, Jung-Yoon;Rhee, Ju-Hee;Hur, On-Sook;Ro, Na-Young;Sung, Jung-Sook;Lee, Ho-Sun;Lee, Jae-Eun;Lee, Sok-Young
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
    • /
    • pp.75-75
    • /
    • 2018
  • Watermelons, Citrullus species(Cucurbitaceae), are native to Africa and have been cultivated since ancient times. T he fruit flesh of wild watermelon is watery, but typically hard-textured, pale-colored and bland or bitter. The familiar sweet dessert watermelons, C. lanatus, featuring non-bitter, tender, well colored flesh, have a narrow genetic base, suggesting that they are originated from a series of selection events in a single ancestral population. In this study, considered as sweet dissert watermelon, genetic resources, C. lanatus, comprising of traditional cultivars and local accessions were collected from 18 different countries in four continents. A total of 60 accessions were characterized morphologically according to RDA genebank descriptors combined with Japan and China, list for 11 qualitative characteristics, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole diameter-source, stalk end length, stalk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, rind thickness, flesh sugar content($^{\circ}brix$), fruit weight-sink, and 6 sink related characters, leaf margin incision-source, fruit shape, fruit skin ground color, fruit skin stain color, fruit skin stain pattern and flesh color-sink, were also investigated. Even though the relatedness between some morphological traits and fruit weight or fruit sweetness showed no significance, the accessions investigated have a great deal of variation for most of the morphological traits. Additionally, the accessions which showed good performance in flesh color and fruit shape (IT271048) and high sugar content of flesh (IT274119, IT290118) above 14brix, were investigated in this experiment. The accessions, which have the information on specific traits including the selected accessions could be introduced, distributed and investigated for further use.

  • PDF

착유우의 톱밥발효우사 이용연구 제 1 보 : 낙농가의 톱밥발효우사 형태별 이용효과 비교 (Study on the Utilization of Sawdust Bedding Barn for Dairy Cows)

  • 권두중;권응기;기광석;이기종;한정대;정석찬;강승원;강상열;정형섭;장학주
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
    • /
    • 제1권1호
    • /
    • pp.9-19
    • /
    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sawdust bedding barn on manure handing, management labour and physiological aspect of dairy cows, and then to establish the criteria on the optimum utilization method of sawdust bedding barn. 46 tie stall barns and 49 sawdust bedding barns were surveyed to cmopare the milk productivity between two different barns, and also 5 tie stall barns, 15 sawdust bedding barns and 1 rice hull bedding barn were selected to study the utilization situation of sawdust barn in Kyung-Ki province area. The major results obtained were as follows; 1. The roof material of sawdust barn were consisted of 66% vinyl house, 23% PVC light and 11% slate and galvanum coated tin. Most of the floor structure was earth ground with the rate of the approximately 82%. 2. The average occupied area of sawdust bed per cow was 15.2 $m^2$, depth that 30 cm and the utilization period was 12 months. 3. Milk Yield was significantly higher at sawdust barn than at tie stall barn(P<0.01). Bacterial and somatic cell count in raw milk were less at the sawdust barn than in tie stall barn. However, there was not significance difference between two barns. 4. The labour hour needed to cow management in the sawdust barn was approximately 48% of that of tie stall barn. 5. The temperature and moisture content measured in sawdust bed were closely affected by seasonal ambient temperature. The skin and hair of cow were much cleaner at the PVC light roofed sawdust barn than any other roof materials. 6. The additives used for improving of fermentation did not show any effect on temperature and moisture content in sawdust bed. When the ambient temperature was $30.4^{\circ}C$, the surface temperature of measured 1 cm above the sawdust bed was $12.2^{\circ}C$ lower and the temperature of 100 cm above the sawdust bed was $2.4^{\circ}C lower under shading net facility than that of vinyl roofed one.7. The hoof length of miking cow was 7.95 cm in tie stall and 9.19 cm in sawdust barn with high significance (P<0.01). And disease occurence such as mastitis and foot-rot tended to decrease in the sawdust barn. 8. The number of total bacteria and coliform bacteria were less in the sawdust bed compared with earth ground resting area. And a parasite strongyloides papillosus was detected but without any infected cow. 9. The nitrate($NO_3N$) content in non-roofed earth ground resting area and earth ground under the sawdust bed was likely to pollute the ground water. 10. In economic point of view, rice hull bedding barn was the cheapest among different systems. And in the sawdust bedding barn PVC light + slate roofed barn was most desirable, and vinyl roofed one the least.

  • PDF

Rotary Mower의 제작과 그 이용에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Design of Rotary Mower and Its Utilization.)

  • 최규홍
    • 한국농공학회지
    • /
    • 제17권4호
    • /
    • pp.3897-3920
    • /
    • 1975
  • Since the most of Korean dairy and cattle raising farms are too small to introduce western mechanized farming, it is necessary to develope small size equipments. This study has been carried to develop a rotary mower as on attachment of 8 to 10 horse powertiller which is widely spread in rural area. It will not ony be helpfull for the farmers to harvesting hay grass but also desirable to increase the power tiller utility. The protto type rotary mower designed through the fundamental investigations, has been modified and improved through the field trials, and a series of field tests has been carried to investigate its performance and economic feasibility comparing with existing vailable harvesting equipments. The results are as follows; 1. To increase the stability, two guide wheels are attached to both side of the protto type rotary mower. 2. To prevent the clinging of tall grasses, the vertical driving shafts are covered with cylindrical protectors. 3. The cutting height is adjustable in 8 steps from 2.5 to 20 centimeters by changing the length of guide wheel legs. 4. The practical Critical cutting speed were always higher than theoretical value in both case of single cutting blade and three when the cutting depth was 25 millimeter. 5. The peripheral speed of cutting blade was varied in response to the change of engine speed, mean while the peripheral speed was adequate as it was changhed from 25 to 35 meter per second when the power tiller is operated in proper working ground speed. 6. The time requirement to harvest 10 a were 88.7, 54.6 and 41.4 minutes for the first, second and third stage of ground speed respectively, and because of the difficulty of delivery, it was observed that operating with fourth stage of ground speed was not recomanendable when the grass height is taller than 90 centimeters. 7. The performance of rotary mower were 1.1-1.7, 1.4-4.0, 3.8-11.8 and 7.4-22.0 times of reciprocating mower, portable disc type cutter, hay scythe and ordinary sickle respectively. 8. When the slope exceeds, 20 degree the downward harvesting operation was impossible because of the excessive front end weight, while less than 5 degree of land slope did not effect in field operation. 9. Increased traveling spee caused higher cutting height and slight cutting failure, but seems not to effect to the gross yield, and the efficiency of cutting width were from 83 to 94 precent. 10. Tn rank of economy were rotary mower (3,2 stage operation), reciprocating mower, hay scythe, portable disc type cutter and sickle in order when the annul operation exdeeds 100 hours. From the above results, it is convinced that the protto type rotary mower is good enough to the livestock farmers as a hay harvesting equipment because of its economy, hardiness in operating and its out standing performance and hopefully it will contribute to the extension of Korean livestock farming.

  • PDF

자유수면습지의 잔재물층에 의한 하천수 질소제거 비교 (Comparison of Nitrogen Removal in Free Water Surface Wetlands Purifying Stream Water with and without Litter Layer on its Bottom)

  • 양홍모
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
    • /
    • 제11권6호
    • /
    • pp.120-129
    • /
    • 2008
  • Removal rate of $NO_3-N$ and TN in a free water surface wetland system with litter layer on its bottom was compared with that without one. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Gwangju Stream in 2001. Its dimensions were 31 meters in length and 12 meters in width. Water of the stream was funneled into it and its effluent was discharged back into the channel. Average litter layer of 9.6 cm was formed on its bottom in 2007. The layer and above-ground parts of reeds and cattails on the system were eliminated in Spring 2008. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow of the system were analyzed from May to November in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Inflow into the system both in 2007 and 2008 averaged approximately $40m^3/day$ and hydraulic residence time both in 2007 and 2008 was about 1.5 days. Average influent $NO_3-N$ concentration in 2007 and 2008 was 2.16 and 2.05 mg/L, respectively and influent TN concentration in 2007 and 2008 averaged 3.98 and 3.89 mg/L, respectively. With a 0.05 significance level, effluent temperatures, influent concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and TN, and stem numbers per square meter and height of the emergent plants showed no difference between the system with litter layer and without one. $NO_3-N$ removal in the system with litter layer and without it averaged 55.59 and 46.06%, respectively and TN retention averaged 57.24 and 48.97%, respectively. Both $NO_3-N$ and TN abatement rates in the system with litter layer were significantly high (p < 0.001) when compared with those without one. The wetland system having litter layer on its bottom was more efficient for $NO_3-N$ and TN retention than that without one.

Influence of Initial Seedling Size and Root Pruning Intensity on Growth of Transplanting Seedling of Quercus acutissma

  • Na, Sung-Joon;Lee, Do-Hyung;Kim, In-Sik
    • 한국자원식물학회지
    • /
    • 제26권6호
    • /
    • pp.709-717
    • /
    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to examine the effect of root pruning intensity in combination with different initial seedling size on the growth of transplanting seedlings of Quercus acutissima. One-year-old seedlings were divided into three groups depending on their height, i.e. small (< 15 cm), medium (25-35 cm) and large size (35 cm <). Root of seedlings was pruned by three intensity such as, leaving 5 cm (severe), 10 cm (medium) and 15 cm (light) of taproot from the root-collar. After one year, we investigated survival rate, height and root-collar diameter (RCD) increment and final shoot dry weight. Also we measured characteristics of newly developed lateral roots such as number, total length, dry weight and diameter. Severe root pruning showed the lowest survival rate in all seedling size. Height increment, RCD increment and shoot dry weight were decreased with increasing intensity of root pruning. Seedlings of medium and light root pruning showed similar above-ground growth and dry weight of lateral roots. More large seedlings showed good survival rate, height increment and final shoot dry mass in all root pruning intensity. Therefore, one-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima should be pruned taproot by 10 cm and transplanted to obtain excellent performance and increase the efficiency of transplanting work. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that applying to different root pruning intensity depending on initial seedling size for producing 2-year-old seedlings with excellent growth and high quality.