• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Purpose: The grip strength is influenced by various factors, such as position of the upper extremity, characteristics of the hand, and general physical condition. In this study, we investigated whether abdominal muscle activity in combination with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver has any effect on the grip strength in healthy young adults. Methods: This study included 31 healthy subjects (16 males, 15 females). We used surface electromyography and pressure bio-feedback unit for this experiment. All Subjects were placed in a cock-lying position with comfort and the grip strength was measured. On the following day, the pressure bio-feedback unit was placed beneath their fifth lumbar vertebra, and the, grip strength was measured again. This time, the measurement was taken while drawing-in their abdomen below the navel gently and gradually, while maintaining a neutral pelvic position. Results: The grip strength was significantly increased when subjects performed the drawing-in maneuver than when they were comfortable (p<0.05). In addition, activations of the rectus abdominal muscles significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found that abdominal muscle activity, in combination with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver, affected the grip strength, positively. Therefore, we suggest that this result should be considered when evaluating the grip strength.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between abdominal muscle strength and measures of respiratory function in stroke patients. Methods: The study participants comprised 17 (male: 12, female: 5) stroke patients hospitalized at W rehabilitation hospital in Busan, South Korea. Abdominal muscle strength was assessed using a digital manual dynamometer for 5 seconds contacting the sternal notch of the participants to bend the trunk. Respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow) was assessed using a spirometer. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, and the significance level was set 0.05. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between abdominal muscle strength and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. However, abdominal muscle strength and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function. Exercise programs to strengthen the abdominal muscles are therefore necessary to improve respiratory function in stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal muscle strengthening exercise on abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were 14 stroke patients (10 males, 4 females) hospitalized at W rehabilitation hospital in Busan City and randomly assigned to 7 exercise groups and 7 control groups. Exercise was performed in combination with an upper and lower extremity pattern of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Measurements of abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function were made before intervention and 4 weeks after intervention. Abdominal muscle strength was assessed using a digital manual dynamometer, and respiratory function was assessed by spirometry. The collected data were analyzed with a paired t-test and independent t-test and the significance level was set as α =.05. Results : The results showed that applying abdominal muscle strengthening exercise to stroke patients showed a significant increase in abdominal muscle strength and a significant difference between groups (p<.05). Maximal-effort expiratory spirogram (MES) readings were significantly increased in forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), in the exercise group, and there were a significant differences between the groups in terms of FEV1 (p<.05). Slow vital capacity (SVC) was significantly increased in vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory capacity (EC), and there were significant differences between the groups in VC, TV, expiratory reserve volume (ERV), EC, and inspiratory capacity (IC) (p<.05). Conclusion : Abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was effective in the abdominal muscle strength of stroke patients, and it was confirmed to have a positive effect on the enhancement of respiratory function. Therefore, it seems that exercise programs for stroke patients with respiratory weakness should include abdominal muscle strengthening exercises.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Background : Pulmonary rehabilitation, called pulmonary rehab or PR, is a broad program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic (ongoing) breathing problems. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the upper abdominal exercise and balloon blow-up on the abdominal muscle strength and Respiratory ability for 20's adults. Method : Recruited Subjects were healthy students attending H university. Twenty-one subjects who agreed to participate in this study were randomly assigned to 3 groups; I group applied upper abdominal exercise, IIgroup applied balloon blow-up, III group applied both upper abdominal exercises and balloon blow-ups. Upper abdominal muscle exercises was applied supine position and $30^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ in the upper body lift braced for about 3 seconds, and balloon blow-ups was performed 10 times a day. The exercise programs were performed three times a week for 5 weeks. Results: After 5 weeks of exercises, all three groups were comparable with abdominal muscle strength and respiratory ability. Subjects in upper abdominal exercise group, balloon blow-ups group, and upper abdominal exercises and balloon blow-ups group had significantly increased the average of abdominal muscle strength(p<.05) The statistical comparison among the groups indicated that there was a signigicant increase in respiratory ability. In comparison of abdominal muscle strength and respiratory ability, there were no significant differences among 3 groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that upper abdominal exercises and balloon blow-ups may have a significant impact in abdominal muscle strength and respiratory ability.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the abdominal bracing (AB) and abdominal bracing combined with ankle dorsiflexion (ABDF) on abdominal muscle thickness and strength in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Sixteen subjects were divided randomly into two group: ABDF group (n=8), and alone AB group (n=8). The ABDF group practiced AB exercise with additional ankle dorsiflexion. AB group practiced only AB exercises. Subjects in both groups received ABDF exercise and AB exercise for 40 min per day, three days per week during a period of three weeks, respectively. All the subjects were evaluated for abdominal muscle thickness and strength before and after intervention using ultrasonography and MedX machine. Results: The external oblique (EO), internal oblique, transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle thickness and the strength produced at $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$ showed a significant increase in the ABDF group after intervention, with a more significant improvement in EO and TrA muscle thickness in the ABDF group compared with the AB group (p<0.05). Also, the strength at $48^{\circ}$ strength showed a significant improvement in the ABDF group than the AB group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study results showed that abdominal muscle contraction exercises with AD in patients with LBP had an influence on abdominal muscle thickness and strength. Therefore, these findings suggest that ABDF may be useful approach for enhancement of abdominal muscle thickness and strength in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.17 no.1_2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

Background: In recent days, Taping has introduced developing to improve our muscle power and sustaining power more than a fixed idea that taping only functions for muscles and protection of the articulation. Method: This study were conducting in two weeks - 2009 September 1 to September 14 - investigating at random 24 normal adults in H university located at Jinju Korea and the result of experimentation how the application of kinesio taping and Bang-gue taping(B-GT) to rectus abdominal muscle has an effect on the improvement of abdominal muscle strength. Results: the following conclusion was drawn up: 1. As a result of each experience man and woman with abdominal muscle strength, each experience all man and woman with abdominal muscle strength(p=0.01) came out to have interrelation difference. 2. As a result of comparing B-GT with age-abdominal muscle strength, B-GT(p=0.02) came out to have interrelation difference. 3. As a result of comparing after before kinesio taping and after before B-GT with abdominal muscle strength, after before kinesio taping and after before B-GT(p=0.00) came out to have interrelation difference. Also, as a result of comparing after kinesio B-GT, after kinesio B-GT(p=0.03) came out to have interrelation difference. Conclusion: As mentioned above, this study showed how the application of kinesio taping and B-GT to affected the improvement of abdominal muscle strength.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.419-426
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• 2008

Physicochemical characteristics of gelatin extracted from abdominal skin of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), were investigated by comparing its proximate composition, pH, amino acid composition, viscoelastic properties, gel strength and SDS-PAGE patterns, with those of bovine and porcine gelatins. The effects of gelatin concentration, maturation time, heat and freeze treatments on the gel strength of yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin were studied. Amounts of $\alpha$-chains, $\beta$- and $\gamma$-components of yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin were higher than those of the two mammailan gelatins. Yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin had the lowest imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) content, which was consistent with that of other fishes. However, yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin was highest in glycine, alanine, and lysine. The gel strengths of all gelatins were proportional to the concentration of gelatin, but yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin exhibited the greatest gel strength at each concentration. Yellowfin tuna abdominal skin gelatin required a longer maturation time than the two mammalian gelatins to form a firm gel. Higher heating temperature decreased the gel strength of yellow fin tuna abdominal skin gelatin more than in the two mammalian gelatins. Freezing decreased the gel strength of bovine gelatin only slightly, but longer freezing times resulted in greater reductions in gel strength in the yellowfin tuna abdominal skin and porcine gelatins.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) abdominal muscle strengthening exercise on the activity, posture, and body function of clients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. Methods: PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was applied to one patient with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was applied five times a week for four weeks. The 5-time supine-to-long sitting test (5-TSLST) and supine-to-stand test (SST) were used to measure activity, and the pelvis tilt angle test (PTAT) and anterior head translation test (AHTT) were used to measure posture. Body function was assessed using the transverse abdominis muscle strength test (TAMST), the internal oblique and external oblique muscle strength test (IOEOMST), and the rectus abdominis muscle strength test (RAMST). Results: Activity, posture, and body function were improved post-intervention. Conclusion: The study verified that PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercises are effective when applied to patients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. The findings of this study provide useful data for future interventions in patients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of transverse abdominal exercise on the change of chronic low back pain and lumbar muscle strength. Method : 18 chronic lumbago patients were transverse abdominal exercise for 3weeks. Result : 1. The strength of the lumbar extensor and flexor of the male subjects was increased significantly after abdominal exercise(p<0.05). 2. The strength of the lumbar extensor and flexor of the female subjects was increased significantly after abdominal exercise(p<0.05). 3. The study can confirm significant relationship between the lumbar muscle strength and lumbar pain before and after the exercise Conclusion : The study of could find the increase of the ability of the lumbar extensor and flexor of both male and female subjects suffering from chronic low back and pain using three-week transverse abdominal exercise. The study confirmed the general decrease of pain after the experiment.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of a self-exercise program on low back pain, abdominal-back muscle strength and waist flexibility in hospital nurses. Method: An experimental research design was employed. 43 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who worked in a general hospital in W city agreed to participate in this study. The intervention had 6 sessions with self-exercise program including flexion and extension demonstrated by a trained research assistant. A Visual Analog Scale was used to measure the subjective pain severity. Abdominal-back muscle strength was measured with a back strength dynamometer, while waist flexibility was gauged by the standing of the subject's upper body. Analysis included descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA. Result: The experimental group exhibited significantly decreased low back pain, an increase in abdominal-back muscle strength, and increased waist flexibility after 6 sessions. The experimental group were not significantly increased in abdominal-back muscle strength than the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that further research is needed to replicate for verification of clinical validity with the methodological rigors, and to utilize the self-exercise program for care and prevention of low back pain.