• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

목적: 플라스틱 안경렌즈용 모노머 소재는 거의 전량이 선진국으로부터 국내안경관련 업체가 수입해오고 있는 실정이며 FTA 대비 및 침체되어 가고 있는 안경관련 산업의 활성화를 위해서는 플라스틱 안경렌즈 관련 재료 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 안경렌즈용 소재의 수입대체 효과를 얻기 위해서는 새로운 플라스틱 안경렌즈의 모노머 소재 개발이 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구는 새로운 우레탄계 초고굴절률 플라스틱 안경렌즈 모노머 수지를 합성하고 이를 이용한 안경렌즈 제조한 후, 안경렌즈의 특성을 연구하고자 한다. 방법: 초고굴절용으로 사용가능한 안경렌즈 수지인 ETS-4(2-(2-mercaptoethylthio)-3-{2-[3-mercapto-2-(2-mercaptoethylthio) propylthio]ethylthio}propane-1-thiol)를 합성하고, 이 물질의 확인 및 특성을 연구하기 위해 원소분석, EI-MS, TGA, FT-IR 분광기, ^1H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR 분광기 등을 이용하였고 모노머 수지와 디이소시아네이트를 혼합하여 균일하게 섞은 후, 안경몰드에 케스팅하고 가열경화하여 얻은 안경렌즈의 광학적인 특성을 조사하기 위해 굴절률 및 아베수를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 합성하고자 하는 소재는 원소분석, EI-MS, TGA, FT-IR 분광기, ^1H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR 분광기 등의 측정에서 얻은 결과에 의하면 합성되었다는 확인하였고, 합성물질은 세 가지의 이성질체의 존재를 $^{13}C$ NMR 분광법으로 확인 할 수 있다. 아베굴절계로 측정한 액상 상태의 모노머 굴절률은 1.647이었다. ETS-4 모노머 및 디이소시아네이트 종을 이용하여 제조한 안경렌지의 생지는 무색투명하며, 생지의 굴절률은 1.656~1.680 이었다. 결론: 새로운 초고굴절용 플라스틱 안경렌즈의 모노머를 합성하고, 그 물질의 구조 및 특성을 연구하였다. 이를 이용하여 제조한 플라스틱 안경렌즈는 무색투명하며 특성이 우수하여 상업화가 가능하다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2000

백색 시준광의 시준 정도로 정밀하게 측정하기 위하여 두 직선격자나 원형격자에 의한 버니어(vernier) 무아레 무늬를 이용하는 새로운 시준 방법을 제안하였다. 버니아 무아레 무늬의 피치 간격을 측정함으로써 렌즈의 초점 종이동 오차($\Deltaf$), 발산각($\theta$) 및 종색수차 $(L_{ch})$ 를 구하였다. 초점 길이가 120.0mm이고 F/2.4인 렌즈를 사용하여 측정한 결과 $\Deltaf$=2.19mm이고 $\theta$=mm이고 F/1.6 그리고 아베수가 64.1인 렌즈의 종색수차를 버니어 무아레 무늬를 이용하여 측정하였다. 자동초점방법을 이용하여 측정한 결과,$L_{ch}=1.58mm(\pm0.01mm)$와 무아레 간섭법을 이용하여 측정한 결과인 1.59mm($\pm$0.1mm)와 거의 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2014

Objectives: This study examined the influence of the resin thickness on the polymerization of silorane- and methacrylate-based composites. Materials and Methods: One silorane-based (Filtek P90, 3M ESPE) and two methacrylate-based (Filtek Z250 and Z350, 3M ESPE) composite resins were used. The number of photons were detected using a photodiode detector at the different thicknesses (thickness, 1, 2 and 3 mm) specimens. The microhardness of the top and bottom surfaces was measured (n = 15) using a Vickers hardness with 200 gf load and 15 sec dwell time conditions. The degree of conversion (DC) of the specimens was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scratched powder of each top and bottom surface of the specimen dissolved in ethanol for transmission FTIR spectroscopy. The refractive index was measured using a Abbe-type refractometer. To measure the polymerization shrinkage, a linometer was used. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at p < 0.05 level. Results: The silorane-based resin composite showed the lowest filler content and light attenuation among the specimens. P90 showed the highest values in the DC and the lowest microhardness at all depth. In the polymerization shrinkage, P90 showed a significantly lower shrinkage than the rest two resin products (p < 0.05). P90 showed a significantly lower refractive index than the remaining two resin products (p < 0.05). Conclusions: DC, microhardness, polymerization rate and refractive index linearly decreased as specimen thickness linearly increased. P90 showed much less polymerization shrinkage compared to other specimens. P90, even though achieved the highest DC, showed the lowest microhardness and refractive index.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.283-309
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• 2021

Achieving profound anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis is a tedious task. This review aimed at evaluating the success of buccal/lingual infiltrations administered with a primary inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection or as a supplemental injection after the failure of the primary injection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with irreversible pulpitis in human mandibular molars. The review question was "What will be the success of primary and supplemental infiltration injection in the endodontic treatment of patients with irreversible pulpitis in human mandibular molars?" We searched electronic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, and Ebsco host and we did a comprehensive manual search. The review protocol was framed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. We included clinical studies that evaluated and compared the anesthetic outcomes of primary IANB with primary and/or supplementary infiltration injections. Standard evaluation of the included studies was performed and suitable data and inferences were assessed. Twenty-six studies were included, of which 13 were selected for the meta-analysis. In the forest plot representation of the studies evaluating infiltrations, the combined risk ratio (RR) was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.37), in favor of the secondary infiltrations with a statistical heterogeneity of 77%. The forest plot analysis for studies comparing primary IANB + infiltration versus primary IANB alone showed a low heterogeneity (0%). The included studies had similar RRs and the combined RR was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.34). These findings suggest that supplemental infiltrations given along with a primary IANB provide a better success rate. L'Abbe plots were generated to measure the statistical heterogeneity among the studies. Trial sequential analysis suggested that the number of patients included in the analysis was adequate. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analyses, we concluded that the infiltration technique, either as a primary injection or as a supplementary injection, given after the failure of primary IANB, increases the overall anesthetic efficacy.