• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.376-378
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• 2015

Cervical epidural steroid injection is indicated for radicular symptoms with or without axial neck pain. Complications are rare but can be serious. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old man with cervical radicular pain who was treated with cervical epidural steroid injection. Injection was administered twice under fluoroscopic guidance with the loss-of-resistance technique using air to confirm the epidural space. After the second procedure, the patient complained of severe persistent headache and was diagnosed with pneumocephalus on brain computed tomography. The patient returned home without any neurological complication, after a few days of conservative treatment. Though, a fluoroscopic guidance cervical epidural injection is also known to diminish the risk of complications. Physicians should always keep in mind that it does not guarantee safety, particularly in the cervical region, related to its anatomical considerations.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.240-243
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• 2012

Dural tears can occur during spinal surgery and may lead to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage which is rarely involved in remote cerebellar hemorrhage. Only a few of cases of simultaneous cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhage have been reported in the English literature. We experienced a case of multiple remote cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhages in a 63-year-old man who exhibited no significant neurologic deficits after spinal surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 4 days after the surgery showed a large amount of CSF leakage in the lumbosacral space. The patient underwent the second surgery for primary repair of the dural defect, but complained of headache after dural repair surgery. Brain MRI taken 6 days after the dural repair surgery revealed multifocal remote intracerebral and cerebellar hemorrhages in the right temporal lobe and both cerebellar hemispheres. We recommend diagnostic imaging to secure early identification and treatment of this complication in order to prevent serious neurologic deficits.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.468-471
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• 2011

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of the bone and soft tissue. Spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are even rarer and, to the best of our knowledge those that are concomitantly located in the intradural and extradural regions, have never been reported. We report a case of a 25-year-old man with back pain and bilateral progressive weakness of the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a markedly enhanced dumbbell-shaped mass at the T7 level. The lesion was intradurally located at the left side of the spinal cord, and extended extradurally to the extraforminal space through the T7-8 intervertebral foramen. The tumor was completely excised through a posterior approach. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical studies confirmed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy were also performed to prevent local recurrence and metastasis. The patient has been symptom-free for two years after surgery. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of primary intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in the literature.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.3-28
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• 2007

공공도서관의 홍보는 관내 홍보, 관외 홍보, 인쇄매체 홍보, 시청각 매체 홍보 설치물 홍보, 각종 행사를 통한홍보, 언론 매체 홍보 캠페인 사이버 공간, 관련 단체를 통한 홍보 등 여러 가지 관점에서 홍보 방법을 생각할 수 있지만 공공도서관 홍보를 위한 전략을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 도서관 홍보 전담 부서를 설치한다. 둘째 도서관 홍보 전담 사서를 배치한다. 셋째 도서관 홍보 예산을 수립한다. 넷째 지역사회 단체를 활용하여 홍보를 한다. 다섯째 지역사회 언론 매체를 활용하여 홍보한다. 여섯째 뉴스레터 (소식지)를 발간하여 홍보에 활용한다. 일곱째 홈페이지를 통하여 홍보한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2008

Hoe-amsa temple was renewed by Zen priest Na-ong(1320-76) in the later Goryeo dynasty(918-1392), and he introduced the institution of Zen Buddhism temple of Yuan dynasty(1271-1368) in China. And in 13-14 century, many Zen Buddhism temple were built in east Asia, like China, Japan, Korea and so on. Hoe-amsa temple became to be ruined in the middle years of Joseon dynasty(1392-1910), and the ruin was excavated recently. The purpose of this study is to make a searching examination the history of Hoe-amsa temple by analyzing the historic records and excavation relics, and to clarify the function of Jeongcheong, east Bang-jang and west Bang-jang of Hoe-amsa temple, by comparative analysis with Bang-jang architecture of Zen Buddhism temple of Yuan dynasty. As the result of this study it can be said like follow. Hoe-amsa temple maintained the form made by priest Na-ong in spite of several times of repair in Joseon dynasty, and it was reflected in excavation relics of now. The Jeongcheon of Hoe-amsa temple was the space called Chimdang where the chief priest performed lectures and ceremony, the west Bang-jang was the living space of chief priest, and the east Bang-jang was lodging for honored guest. The architecture composed by Jeongcheong, east Bang-jang and west Bang-jang was the adaptation of institution of Bang-jang architecture of Zen Buddhism temple in Yuan dynasty, on the base of general architecture form of Goryeo dynasty.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2016

본 연구는 액체질소와 같이 급속 동결이 가능하면서 질식의 위험을 배제할 수 있는 냉매로서 액화공기를 선정하였고 이의 적용성을 평가하였다. 액화공기의 안정성을 평가하기 위해 액체질소와 액체산소가 혼합된 액화공기의 산소 농도가 산업안전보건법에 제시된 산소 농도 기준에 부합되는지를 실험적으로 검증하였으며, 액체질소 및 액체산소의 혼합 비율, 액화공기 저장용기의 압력변화 및 유량변화에 따른 액화공기 산소 농도변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 액체질소 및 액체산소를 8:2로 혼합하였을 경우 산업안전보건법에 제시된 산소 농도 기준에 부합되는 것을 확인하였다. 액화공기 저장용기의 압력변화 및 유량변화는 액화공기의 산소 농도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2000

Objective : The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) pulsates within the craniospinal axis in response to rhythmic cerebral blood volume variation during the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study is to characterize the normal and abnormal CSF flow and its waveforms in the cervical spinal subarachnoid space. Methods : The magnetic resonance(MR) images were obtained with 1.5 T(GE Signa, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) unit using the 2 dimensional cine PC(phase contrast) sequence with cardiac gating and gradient recalled echo imaging. This pulse sequence yielded 16 quantitative flow-encoded images per cardiac cycle. Sagittal and axial images of the cervical spinal CSF space were obtained, and target sites were analyzed for characteristic CSF flow (TR=50ms, TE=12.5-15ms). The region of interest(ROI) was 1mm 3 in volume. Twenty six persons were included in this study : 10 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with cervical myelopathy. The post-operative cine MR study were also done in five patients. Results : The normal CSF pulsation dynamics in the cervical spine showed discrete systolic and diastolic components. The CSF flow revealed a sine wave pattern, in which the systolic phase was shorter than the diastolic phase(ratio=2 : 3). The patient group revealed decreased amplitudes of the CSF flow and irregularly distored flow waves. The systolic phase was elongated in the ROI above the stenotic level, whereas the diastolic phase was lengthened below the level. In the postoperative images, the abnormal pattern and amplitude were found to be corrected. Conclusion : From these results, the authors believe that the CSF flow study provides valuable informations regarding the extent of cervical stenosis and may be useful for the surgical planning and post-operative evaluation.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

회전분무시스템을 적용한 가스터빈연소기의 점화특성을 연구하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 연료분사는 연료를 회전연료노즐의 내측에 공급한 후, 고속모터로 회전하는 연료노즐에서 발생하는 원심력을 이용하여 분사되는 방식을 이용하였다. 실물크기의 연소기 및 시험리그를 제작하여 한국항공우주연구원의 연소시험설비를 이용하여 대기압 조건에서 연소시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 이 연소기의 점화성능은 연료노즐의 회전속도를 증가하거나 감속할 경우 연소가스의 온도가 급격하게 변화되는 특성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.769-781
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• 1997

The tristimulus values of 180 extracted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured by colorimeter. And it were colnverted to Munsell color order system(Hue, Value, Chroma) and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color coordinates. The commonly used Vita, and Bioform shade guides, 2 composite resin shade guides(Prisma APH and Z-100), and a glass-ionomer shade guide(Fuji II) were compared with these teeth. At the middle facial surface, color distributions of teeth were Hue(0.56YR to 9.77Y), Value(2.46 to 7.9), and Chroma(0.14 to 2.02). And the aberaged values and standard deviations for $L^*a^*b^*$ were $63.18{\pm}10.44$, $1.11{\pm}1.66$, and $5.79{\pm}2.36$. The shade guide did not match well with the color space of the human teeth. Especially, the lacks of the Yellow-red Hues and higher values were prominent. Compare with other measurements, the Hues of the teeth measured in this study were broadly distributed(most of ranges in Y and YR were included), while the Value and chroma were shown to the lower.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

Steam reforming of methane using Xe-arc solar simulator was studied for the application of concentrated solar energy into chemical reaction. The reactor, a volumetric absorber, consisted of a porous ceramic foam disk coated with commercial reforming catalyst. Operating temperature was in the range of $450\;-\;550^{\circ}C$ and the excess steam ratio to methane was from 3.0 to 5.0. At the steady-state condition, the conversion of methane Increased with temperature in the range of 15 % - 30 % and the experimentally determined conversion was found to be close to theoretical equilibrium conversion. It was also found that the CO selectivity slightly decreased with excess steam ratio. Finally, the conversion of methane decreased significantly with space velocity of reactants.