• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.182-201
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine a married nurse's experience of child rearing through being applied to phenomenological research method. By exchanging their experiences, helping and understanding one another, married nurses can work with delight considering their own present job as their lifelong job. In addition this study can help single nurses overcome the female crises such as marriage, childbirth, and child rearing they will experience in the future. The subjects of this research was 26 married nurses who work for a university hospital in affiliation in Seoul and have children. The period of materials collection was from Feb. 1st to Mar. 3, 1995. The method of materials collection was primarily to write down a questionary with openhearted contents. In collecting it, the respondents were allowed to say at their pleasure through further interview. The materials were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) The responses of married nurses' experience of child rearing-[pleasure] [family solidarity] [maternal-infant attachment] [understanding] [toilsome]-were induced. That is, at once affirmative experience and hard experience coexisted. 2) The method of married nurses' child rearing-[rearing politely] [raising understanding] [having the sense of family community] [rearing with praying the heart] [careless]-were induced. 3) The support system of married nurses' child rearing-[having help family] [having help from others]-were induced. According to the above findings, the married nursed showed affirmative responses about their experience of child rearing, but at the same time they expressed painful when stayed apart from their children on account of their job or when their children were sick. In the method of child rearing, they tried to grow their children polite because there was much time for them to stay apart from their children. And they tried to give a better explanation in order that their children can have an independence spirit. They tended to compensate through frequent physical touch with their children. As the support system of married nurses' child rearing, they asked their parents or their parents-in-law to take care of their children, hired a nursery governess in their houses, or used a children's home, if they can't afford to. That is, the only one who has a firm sense of her profession, tries to inspire her accomplishment, and is receiving her husband' love and understanding is considered to perform two things simultaneously with harmony, having an recognition of lifelong job. Suggestions 1. The method to solve mental troubles on child rearing should be groped. 2. Their economical burden should be reduced by establishing children's home in their working places, and the increase of maternal-infant interaction should be contrived. 3. The chance of education should be offered in order that married nurses themselves might inspire self-conceit and professionalism on clinical nursing. 4. The familiar mood should be created through planning the programs to be accompanied with children as an annual event in hospital. 5. The part-time nurse system should be suggested to utilize. 6. The system of circulation working should be converted into the system of fixing working according to the characteristic of each department. 7. Programs for special activities such as learning foreign languages and computer should be supported positively.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

Virtual reality(VR) is the technology that makes a user regard being in virtual space generated by computer as in the real world. Mainly, it has been studied about the three senses which are the sense of vision, touch and hearing in the five human senses. Through that, it is applied to the system making all the senses in the human body real. Even though the design idea of theater is brought to that of simulation theater, there are not many similarities between them and not general design rules yet. For making a better situation, in cooperation with a domestic company making a motion simulator for one or two person by itself, I have considered the minimum conditions and formations of the simulation theater being widely useful in the buildings of general commercial spaces from the environmental viewpoint, and basing on that facts I try to make some sorts of fundamental design types so that they are more available than those in the past. In this research, I have set the three types of simulation theater, the 50 seats of motion simulator for one person, the 20 seats of motion simulator and the 50 seats for two persons, in my researching range. Moreover, regarding the size of the simulation theater, I put the best specifications in order and also put them together, and then with making standards able to be reflected on the design plan, I have researched it for the purpose of the accumulation of skill in the construction of the special theater. Here, the design rule I suggested might be a design standard that it will be thought useful widely.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2007

The systematic study of the future began with curiosity and imagination about the future; a unique trait of human mental effort-and this seems to be based on the idea that the future can be different depending on current choices or effort. In this sense, it would be seemly to encourage more interest and academic study on the progress of future fashion. In this study, we examine recent changes of fashion material; e.g. that which science and technology have more impact and importance in futuristic fashion since the 1990�s. The period analysed is from the1990's to the present and related data from recent fashion collections and fashion books has also been included The current prediction of the future is largely based on what was formed between the 19th Century and the 20th Century which has persisted until now and has been influenced by the view that science will play a bigger role in the future. This is especially reflected in fashion which chiefly represents material culture. New materials used for fashion are strong and permanently durable, in addition to being very light, thin, flexible, hygienic, ecological and comfortable to wear-almost like a second skin. These fashionable new materials roughly function in two different ways according to external and internal characteristics. First, they cause external change. Second, they exemplify or allow new functions. Examples of external change are the use of silver color, achromatic color, metallic material, smooth-to-the-touch shiny material and the use of luminous material. Examples of the extended function of clothing through the use of new materials are the use of conducting thread, the use of special material for blocking & opening and the use of material which changes colors as the surroundings change. These days, the use of new material which changes its appearance is a novelty unique to the fashion world but we also expect to witness the debut of diverse new materials with extended inner functions.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2019

Generally human sensibility is expressed in a certain language. To discover the sensibility of visitors in relation to the forest environment, it is first necessary to determine their exact meanings. Furthermore, it is necessary to sort these terms according to their meanings based on an appropriate classification system. This study attempted to develop a classification system for forest sensibility vocabulary by extracting Korean words used by forest visitors to express their sensibilities in relation to the forest environment, and established the structure of the system to classify the accumulated vocabulary. For this purpose, we extracted forest sensibility words based on literature review of experiences reported in the past as well as interviews of forest visitors, and categorized the words by meanings using the Standard Korean Language Dictionary maintained by the National Institute of the Korean Language. Next, the classification system for these words was established with reference to the classification system for vocabulary in the Korean language examined in previous studies of Korean language and literature. As a result, 137 forest sensibility words were collected using a documentary survey, and we categorized these words into four types: emotion, sense, evaluation, and existence. Categorizing the collected forest sensibility words based on this Korean language classification system resulted in the extraction of 40 representative sensibility words. This experiment enabled us to determine from where our sensibilities that find expressions in the forest are derived, that is, from sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch, along with various other aspects of how our human sensibilities are expressed such as whether the subject of a word is person-centered or object-centered. We believe that the results of this study can serve as foundational data about forest sensibility.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2018

The temperature is a sense that can be felt by touch and sight. However, the concept of the temperature sensation is rarely used together with the concept of visual sensation and tactile sensation. In this study, the sensation of the temperature sensed through tactile and visual sense was investigated by the visual temperature depending on color and material characteristics. The textile was selected as a sample that could include color and material characteristics. The textile sample was composed of each 15-16 kinds of Yellow, Red, Blue, and Green of total 90 samples. The analytical method was to analyze first, the warm-cool of the colors of Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, and then to the visual temperature according to visual classification and tactile classification. And we investigated the correlation of the visual temperature depending on weight, thickness, and unevenness. As a result, the number of textiles felt by Cool and Warm differed according to the warm-cool of the colors feeling in the same textile. However, the visual temperature was different to each classification of textile. In particular, it was noticeable in thin, see-through and matte textiles. In relation to weight, thickness, unevenness and the visual temperature, the textile classification related to the weight is a classification of a hard, matte textile, and the textile classification related to the thickness is a thin, see-through textile.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

Today's advertisement is dominated by visual images, which deliver messages in the most efficient and engaging way. Vivid and live images, through multimedia, attract the viewer to consume the products being advertised. In this course, the effect of 'Verfremdung' or alienation is often detected. This terminology was at first used in a epic play of Bertolt Brecht to signify a specific effect to block the empathy of the audience by reminding them of their position as the audience separate from the play. 'Verfremdung' helps them to have a sense of objectivity and critical attitude toward the performance. Multimedia commercials nowadays exhibit such a quality together with 'viewer participation:' criticism on reality: and 'speed.' In an advertisement for Shinsegi Communications' mobile system titled <017-I-Touch series, the hand transformed into a web>, the copy, 'my blood type is 'i', ' is accompanied by six unrelated fictitious scenes in which the same ocean appears as a common denominator. Because there is no connection between the scenes, free imagination of the viewer has to be involved and thus plays a significant role in making them into a context. This fact dearly exhibit some characteristics of post- modern advertisement. Momentary 'Gap' and 'Difference' between scenes contribute to 'Verfremdung' or alienation' that makes it hard for the consumers to comprehend the content on the spot. Such an uneasy situation, however, keeps the viewers thinking about the advertisement itself. While repeatedly exposed to the alienated images, the viewers come to get involved in the advertisement, trying to make the fragmented images into a coherent context. In addition, the leaps between the scenes produce a sense of 'speed' in a context, which adds more impact to the way of delivering messages using multimedia. With the help of multimedia, 'Verfremdung: which was originally intended to bring about objective and critical altitude of the audience in a play, plays a crucial role in attracting the viewer's attention and conveying a specific message in a moment in contemporary advertisement.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2021

This paper presents an interactive wind system that generates artificial winds in a virtual reality (VR) environment according to online user inputs from a steering wheel and an acceleration pedal. Our system is composed of a head-mounted display (HMD) and three electric fans to make the user sense touch from the winds blowing from three different directions in a racing car VR application. To evaluate the effectiveness of the winds for reducing VR cybersickness, we employ the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ), which is one of the most common measures for cybersickness. We conducted experiments on 13 subjects for the racing car contents first with the winds and then without them or vice versa. Our results showed that the VR contents with the artificial winds clearly reduce cybersickness while providing a positive user experience.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

This study analyzes music visualization characteristics in modern fashion based on Wassily Kandinsky's music visualization theory. Alexander McQueen's 2014 Spring Ready-to-wear Collection (as inspired by Mondrian's paintings) was selected as the research subject. First, an analysis of Mondrian's paintings based on Wassily Kandinsky's theory shows that music visualization characteristics can be categorized into spatiality, mobility, and duality. Second, McQueen applied Mondrian's paintings to the overall design, structured the model's shape in the painting, or created patterns using colors and lines that introduced them in clothes; symbolic forms were also introduced as part of or a decorative factor of the clothes. Third, spatiality refers to the creation of a feeling of space through emptiness or fill using lines, colors, and shape. Musical atmosphere such as dissonance were expressed in clothing through the application of color contrast, lines and silhouette dynamics, and symbolic format and patterns by Mondrian. Fourth, mobility generally refers to motion caused by a certain stimulus. Mondrian expressed vibration, internal resonance, sound level in music that emphasized color irregularity, primary color contrast, and rough brush touches as well as free and organic patterns. McQueen expressed this with primary color contrast using different materials, rough touch based on texture, and pattern repetition through transformation. Fifth, duality generally refers to the artistic effect caused by overlap. Mondrian created a resemblance of dissonance and music through line and color as expressed through the duality of clothing design components based on the artistic sense of the designer.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2020

Motion sickness or dizziness caused by visual and other sensory inconsistencies In virtual reality content seems to be a major problem. To solve the problem, research has been actively underway to satisfy the five senses. Among them, the most researches on the touch are many studies on hardness and texture, but the studies on temperature seem relatively small. Therefore, in this paper, we present a calculation model that can sense the temperature derived from the principle of heat energy moving from high temperature to low temperature, not the temperature of the material. Because heat energy is determined by the heat conductivity, temperature, and area of contact, which are the inherent characteristics of a material, the degree of heat felt by a person depends on the type of material, the temperature of the material and the area of contact with the object. The thermal energy shift per unit time of the material was calculated using the thermal conductivity law and the specific heat formula, and the thermal energy reproduction method that changes per unit time of the material was studied using the thermoelectric element.