• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.153-174
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to examine the propensity and to analyze some determinants of complaining behavior about the educational services of private institutes. The survey was conducted by means of self-administered questionnaire with 546 university students Living in Seoul and Cheongjoo. They had an experience of studying in the educational services of private institutes in recent two years. Major findings were as following: (1) The propensity of private complaining behavior about the educational services of private institutes averages 3.36 points out of 5. This score is beyond the middle slightly. Whereas the propensity of pubic complaining behavior is very low. (2) According to the discriminant analysis, tuition fee, information supplied for solving the dissatisfaction, and altitude about the complaining behavior are the determinants to distinguish between complaining/non complains behavior group of private complaining behavior. (3) Information supplied for solving the dissatisfaction, kindness of the stars, the establishment, the way of making tuition fees, the degree of awareness of cost, the attitude about complaining behavior, the confidence of success for complaining behavior are the determinants to distinguish between complaining/non complains behavior group of public complaining behavior.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2002

In a globalization and information society in the 21st century, the emphasis of education is on producing people who can create intellectual value. To meet the purpose in mathematics education, students should be taught to be able to understand basic logics and principles and exchange mathematical information each other. Also they had better be guided to study on their own at home in an effective way. In reality, however, most of the home study does not go beyond confirming the same homework. It is very difficult for students to plan systematic preparation and review of their lessons and study on their own. Moreover there seems to be no integration between the lessons students receive at school and in private classes. Therefore the need for more systematic home study in relation to school lessons is high to maximize the teaming effect. Studying through Web has little restriction in terms of time and space. Students can collect useful information inexpensively and share their learning assignment with each other. But mathematics education through Web has not yet been developed in such a way as to see a positive result from it. This research intends to develop a web site where students can study mathematics systematically in a self-guided way. The research methods applied included survey, student discussion and online home study. The questionnaires were designed to figure out students'and parents'changes in their concept of mathematics home study. The research also tried to look for ways to cut down the burden of expensive private lessons in mathematics. The student discussions were made up of problem-making and problem-solving. The discussion procedure was analysed so as to check if students used their creativity while they were working. As stated above, the research aims to develop a web site to support effective home study, enhance students' mathematical ability and reduce the burden of private lessons.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

The study examined how changes in time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement influenced each other through a multivariate latent growth model by using the data from the first to the third year presented in the KYPS. This study identifies not only how changes in the private tutoring experience exerted a direct influence on changes in academic achievement, but also measures what kind of changes in private tutoring and academic achievement had emerged over time. The detailed study results are as follows. First, the analysis of time invested in private tutoring showed that the higher the grades, the greater were the amount of time invested in private tutoring in the case of Korean language study. On the other hand, the results showed that in the case of English and mathematics, the higher the grades, the lesser was the amount of time invested in private tutoring. Second, private tutoring and academic achievement were all in a linear relationship. Third, it was shown that the time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement exerted a negative influence on each other according to the passage of time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to propose consumer policy related to the protection of personal information on the basis of regulations and laws in the developed countries. From this study, implications for the protection consumer privacy are discussed as follows. First, Consumer education is needed to enhance consumers'knowledge on their privacy right and this should be done not only by private consumer organization but also by businesses. Second, Businesses should realize ethical responsibilities of consumers'privacy right when they use personal information by databasemarketing. Finally, Government should establish a privacy law concerning both public and private sectors.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of stress, body satisfaction, academic record, and demographic variables on the normative conformity toward clothing and clothing satisfaction of high school students. The subjects were 389 high school students(boys: 169, girls: 220) in Seoul, Korea. The normative conformity toward clothing measured by the degree of wearing of unsuitable clothes for school clothing and private clothing norm of students. The school clothing was influenced by allowance, gender, stress of home life, academic record(-), mother's education(R2=.270). The private clothes was influenced by allowance, gender, stress of home life, body satisfaction, and geographical region(R2=.200). The clothing satisfaction was influenced by body satisfaction, gender, allowance, geographical region, and stress of home life(-)(R2=.325). The present findings provide that stress of home life, gender, and allowance had effect on the normative conformity toward clothing, and the higher the stress of home life, the lower the degree of clothing satisfaction.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1.1-15
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to identify the household's financial status by life cycle stage and no analyze contributing factors to financial planning for retirement preparation among Korean marred couples. For these purpose, 2074 married couples those being under 55 and having either single earner or dual earners were selected, and total sample was divided into three stages; young-aged(＜35), middle-aged(35-44) & old-aged(45-54). Statistics were frequencies, means, percentile, and logistic analysis. The results were as follows. First, old-aged had higher level of total income, total expenditure and total assets than either young-aged or middle-aged. In addition, households those holding private pensions were likely to have higher total income, total expenditure and total assets than those owning no private pension. while middle-aged had a highest total debts. Second, gini coefficients of total income and total expenditure between three aged groups were similar, but old-aged had the highest gini coefficient of total assets and total debts. In particular, gini coefficients of total assets and total debts of households those having no private pension were greater than those holding private pensions. third, contributing factors to private pension ownership of young-aged were family & household-related factor and financial factor, middle-aged's factors were household head's characteristics and financial factor. Also, old-aged's factors were household head's characteristics, family & household-related factor and financial factor.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.769-772
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• 2003

Middleware enables different networking devices and protocols to inter-operate in ubiquitous home network environments. The UPnP(Universal Plug and Play) middleware, which runs on a PC and is based on the IPv4 protocol, has attracted much interest in the field of home network research since it has versatility. The UPnP, however, cannot be easily accessed via the public Internet since the UPnP devices that provide services and the Control Points that control the devices are configured with non-routable local private or Auto IP networks. The critical question is how to access UPnP network via the public Internet. The purpose of this study is to deal with the non-routability problem in local private and Auto IP networks by improving the conventional Control Point used in UPnP middleware-based home networks. For this purpose, this paper proposes an improved Control Point for accessing and controlling the home network from remote sites via the public Internet, by adding a web server to the conventional Control Point. The improved Control Point is implemented in an embedded GNU/Linux system running on an ARM9 platform.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2022

This study examined the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression and somatic symptoms. The sample comprised 2,589 first-grade middle-school students who completed the 2018 Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (the generalized linear model), multiple regression, and quantile regression analysis. The principal results were as follows. First, 15.15% of adolescents reported depression symptoms, and 15.57% reported somatic symptoms. Second, levels of depression were significantly different among classes with a different level of private educational expenditure. Third, depression level was significantly negatively associated with private educational expenditure, in that the higher the private educational expenditure, the lower the depression level. Fourth, the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression was significant at the 70~90th quantile regression, suggesting that private educational expenditure was associated with a higher level of depression symptoms. The results indicate that private education was viewed as a consumption commodity rather than a complementary educational practice or investment in human capital. Private education as a commodity might induce the highly developed and costly private education market. In turn, there is an increased financial burden for education at one end of the social-economic continuum and depression caused by relative deprivation at the other end.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• 대한간호
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.68-87
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the family burden, family home care needs and to identify the relationship between family burden and home care needs for families of psychiatric in-patients. The subjects for this study were 104 family members of psychiatric in-patients at two private hospitals and one municipal hospital. The data were collected during the period from February 1. 1993 to March 30. 1993. The questionnaire developed by Montgomery to measure the family burden was used as modified by the research team for this study. The questionnaire was developed by Garrad to measure the home care need was also used as modifed by the research team. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOV A and Pearson Correlation Coeffcient. with the SPSS program. The Result of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. For perceived family burden, the meanscore as measured by the guestionnaire was 70.6 of a possible to total of 110. 2. For home care need. the meanscore as measured by the questionnaire was 44.8 fo a possible total of 66. 3. The results showed a higher score for cases from the municipal hospital for family burden and a higher score for cases at the private hospitals for home care need. 4. Ther was a statistically significantly higher score on family burden for female family member (T =-2.77. P<.05) and for bereaved family members. (F=2.862. p<.05) 5. There was a statistically significantly higher score (F= 10.3535, P<.001) for family burden when the hospitalization period was between 7~ 12 months and a statistically significantly higher score (F =7.679.P<.001) for home care need when the hospitalization period was over 37 months. 6. Ther was a significant correlation between family burden and home care need. (r=.4002, P<.05) The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that addressing home care needs would contribute to reduce family burden.