• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.148-157
• /
• 2023

Background and Purpose: Episodic memory is a system that receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes and their interrelations. Our study aimed to investigate the relevance of episodic memory to time perception, with a specific focus on simultaneity/order judgment. Methods: Experiment 1 employed the simultaneity judgment task to discern differences in time perception between patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and age-matched normals. A mathematical analysis capable of estimating subjects' time processing was utilized to identify the sensory and decisional components of temporal order and simultaneity judgment. Experiment 2 examined how differences in temporal perception relate to performance in temporal order memory, in which time delays play a critical role. Results: The temporal decision windows for both temporal order and simultaneity judgments exhibited marginal differences between patients with episodic memory impairment, and their healthy counterparts (p = 0.15, t(22) = 1.34). These temporal decision windows may be linked to the temporal separation of events in episodic memory (Pearson's ρ = -0.53, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Based on our findings, the frequency of visual events accumulated and encoded in the working memory system in the patients' and normal group appears to be approximately (5.7 and 11.2) Hz, respectively. According to the internal clock model, a lower frequency of event pulses tends to result in underestimation of event duration, which phenomenon might be linked to the observed time distortions in patients with dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2007

Through this experiment driver's perception were measured. An analysis of the perception measurement result analyzed the subject's obstacle perception response time according to voltage patterns. The difference in the reaction time between men and women was also analyzed. Futhermore, the obstacle perception response time was analyzed according to the rate of the brightness of the headlamp. The relative delay time was analyzed In reference to times when there was no voltage change.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2008

It is well known that consumer's quality perception is strongly affected by price. Higher priced products tend to be perceived to have better quality than lower priced products although the objective product quality is the same. However, it is less known the process through which quality perception is affected by price cues. The existing literature suggests three potential hypotheses (i.e., the selectiveprocessing hypothesis, the selective interpretation hypothesis, and the representativeness heuristic hypothesis) that explain the underlying processes of the price-induced quality perception. The current research tests among the three competing hypotheses and also examines the role of consumer knowledge as a moderating factor. An experiment was conducted to test the moderating role of the knowledge in the price-quality relationship and to investigate the underlying process. The results indicate that theinfluence of price on perceived quality differs between novices and experts. Expert consumers' quality perception is not significantly influenced by price and this finding is consistent with the extant literature. On the other hand, novice consumers' quality perception is affected by price and the tests on the underlying process support for the representativeness heuristic hypothesis. Novice consumers assess that a high-priced brand should have good product quality due to the belief that high (low) price brands represent better (worse) brand quality and such a representativeness heuristic occurs without involving selective attention or selective interpretation price-consistent information.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspect of production and perception of Korean vowels /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/ and to discuss the correlation between production and perception of the two vowels. For this purpose, two separate experiments were conducted. 19 Chinese learners and 20 Korean native speakers produced Korean vowels /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/. Production experiments indicated that Koreans and Chinese female groups revealed common features in production, showing that they all pronounced /${\Lambda}$/ and /o/ in a distinguishable manner in the acoustic space. On the other hand, the Chinese male group failed to show that they could pronounce two vowels distinctively. The Chinese male group seemed to be confused in vowel height between the two vowels. A perception experiment was carried out on a continuum consisting of 11 synthesized stimuli. The perceptual judgment from referred Chinese and Korean subjects showed that Koreans and Chinese female groups had the same phonological boundaries (stimulus '04') for the two vowels on the continuum. However, the Chinese male group made perceptual criterion on stimulus '03'. These results confirmed that there was strong correlation between the aspect of production and perception.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2023

Aircraft are representative of human-machine systems. There is a delay between the human operation and the completion of the machine operation such as when the machine starts to operate and when the force is transmitted to the machine and completed. Time perception is an important component of timing tasks and is known to be affected by the anxiety associated with high arousal. This research verified the impact of weather, flight, and time conditions on the anxiety and time perception of in-service pilots in a virtual reality area. Weather conditions were divided into visual flight weather conditions and very low visibility conditions. Experiments 1 and 2 were performed with different flight and time conditions. In Experiment 1, time perception was measured by employing a button added to the control rod in the scenario of hovering and level flight with relatively little transformed in momentum and little delay. In Experiment 2, time perception was measured in the procedure of naturally taking off the helicopter by employing only the control stick in a takeoff scenario where there was a lot of transformation in momentum and a lot of delays. As a result of the experiment, it was reported that anxiety and heart rate increased in very low visibility conditions In particular, among all flight conditions in Experiments 1 and 2, it was reported that time was overestimated in the scenario of increased anxiety. This outcome can lead to overestimation of time under the impact of anxiety and failure of the timing task, which may lead to challenges in maneuvering and possibly lead to accidents.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 1999

To investigate the relationship between voice and the image created by the voice, a perception experiment was undertaken in which voices of 8 males and 8 females reading a fairy tale were recorded and presented to 100 subjects along with the speakers' pictures. Two kinds of pictures were taken: one, a whole-body picture, and the other, a face-only close-up picture. Subjects were asked to match each voice with its owner. The results showed that out of 8, more than 4 were matched correctly. And the correct rate was higher when the voices were matched against the whole-body pictures than against the face-only pictures. In addition, it was noted that far more people picked a single voice as the most 'favorite' one than they picked one picture as the most 'favorite' image.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1999.10e
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 1999

The experiments reported here investigated whether seeing a speaker's face (visible speech) affects the perception and memory of Korean speech sounds. In order to exclude the possibility of top-down, knowledge-based influences on perception and memory, the experiments tested people with no knowledge of Korean. The first experiment examined whether visible speech (Auditory and Visual - AV) assists English native speakers (with no knowledge of Korean) in the detection of a syllable within a Korean speech phrase. It was found that a syllable was more likely to be detected within a phrase when the participants could see the speaker's face. The second experiment investigated whether English native speakers' judgments about the duration of a Korean phrase would be affected by visible speech. It was found that in the AV condition participant's estimates of phrase duration were highly correlated with the actual durations whereas those in the AO condition were not. The results are discussed with respect to the benefits of communication with multimodal information and future applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2006

In this thesis paper the effect that the change in the brightness of headlights has on a driver's perception had been researched. For this research, an indoor laboratory was constructed and designed. Then, a system to measure the reaction braking time of finding obstacle and the subject's brain waves after a moment of change in the headlamp's brightness was constructed. And before the real experiment was began, the trial experiment to decide test time, subject's rest time, detailed experimental steps, the headlamp's patterns of voltage change and an obstacle course was executed.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2014

An attempt has been made to prove the so-called 'feature accumulation theory'. It is the theory describing that people tend to feel the same space with more identifiable objects much larger than that with fewer objects. Applying this theory to our cognition of spatial size, this paper made an experiment. Students were asked that if the lecture room they are sitting becomes a module (module 1), then how large are the questioned spaces in the campus. The result was striking. Through the mental image processing, they answered that the library and the architecture building looks much smaller than they actually are, and more surprisingly the basketball field much more smaller than it really is. This experiment shows that there is a strong tendency by which people regard the space much larger when there are more occupiable or behavior-causing elements in the space. In the case of basketball field, since there is nothing that can be occupied, this open space is seen as a small space for the subjects. This line of cognitive perception can be applied to the practice of urban planning and architectural planning. With the same size of given space, we can make it feel more rich and larger.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2018

This study examined the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar fricatives of normal children. Developing children aged 3 and 7, typically produced 2 types of nonsense syllables containing alveolar fricative /sV/ and /VsV/ sequences where V was any one of three corner vowels (/i, a, and u/). Stimuli containing the speech materials used in a production experiment were presented randomly to 12 speech language pathologists (SLPs) for a perception test. The SLPs responded by selecting one of seven alternative sounds. Acoustic measures such as duration of frication noise, normalized intensity, skewness, and center of gravity were examined. There was significant difference in acoustic measures when comparing vowels. Comparison of syllable structures indicated statistically significant differences in duration of frication noise and normalized intensity. Acoustic parameters could account for the perceptual data. Relating the acoustic and perception data by means of logistic regression suggests that duration of frication noise and normalized intensity are the primary cues to perceiving Korean fricatives.