• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of digital mathematics textbook on spatial abilities, interest and achievement of 6th graders. For this, research questions were set as follow: A. Is there any difference in cognitive ability in the space perception test between the experimental group and the control group. B. What distinctive attributes exist between the experimental group and the control group in the Spatial abilities? C. Is there any difference in learners' interest and achievement between the experiment group and the control group. To investigate the research questions, two classes of 6th grade children were selected from an elementary school in Daejeon and assigned one as experimental group and the other as control group. The experimental group studied mathematics using Digital Textbooks under an individual PC environment while the control group studied using the existing book-type textbooks. The following results and conclusions were obtained from the research. First, the effect of the Digital Textbooks on children's mathematics achievement was not statistically meaningful even though there was some progress in children's achievement. Furthermore, it was not found that the usage of a Digital Textbooks consistently influenced improvement in the students' interest in mathematics. Second, there were some positive changes in the achievement of Spatial ability of the middle subgroup of pretest score in the experiment group. It can have some educational implication that the Digital Textbooks can affect positively to the middle group in mathematics achievement who dominated more than 50% of the class. Third, the number of correct answers was found to be somewhat higher than that of the control group in spatial reasoning items. This means that the learning environment with Digital Textbooks allow more opportunities for manipulating geometric objects physically and mentally. Therefore, It seems necessary to offer various resources such as digital contents for students' geometric learning. For future research, It is strongly recommended to fix the bugs of the digital textbook programs and to upgrade the operating system of the computer.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2010

Psychophysical experiment was performed to investigate how audio-visual spatial disparity affects on perceptual space in peripheral vision. In the experiment, participants were exposed to two stimuli of vision and sound which comes simultaneously from different directions, respectively. The visual stimulus was implemented by 7 white LEDs which were located at an equal distance with 7 different angles of $-70^{\circ}$, $-40^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, and $70^{\circ}$ from the right front. Those audial stimuli were also implemented by loudspeakers which were placed at 9 different directions equally spaced by $5^{\circ}$ ranged from $-20^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$. Each participant then evaluated spatial disparity between visual and audial stimuli with 5 levels of response, in which the higher level indicates the larger gap. When the visual stimulus is applied from the right, the results show that the response level gets higher for a larger angle between visual and auditory stimuli. A similar tendency for the visual stimulus with $0^{\circ}$ orientation was also be observed. On the other hand, when the visual stimulus is applied from the left, the response level gets lower for the larger angle.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

This study aims to propose color affective model of indoor space by evaluating subjects' physiological responses according to the types of behavioral and affective system. 99 subjects(44 females, 55 males) in their 20s, who had no disorders in visual perception, participated in the experiment. To categorize the subjects based on behavioral and affective system, BAS/BIS scale and Affective scale were used. Color stimuli were composed of five basic colors and three tones: vivid, pale and dull tone of R, Y, G, B, P. For physiological experiment, right and left prefrontal alpha activity was measured to analyze prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Participants were exposed to fifteen color stimuli for 20 seconds each other under the positive and negative emotional condition in a research room with the natural light blocked. The results and conclusion of this study are as follows. Along with factors of behavioral and affective system, cluster analysis was carried out and four types were classified. Type A had high BAS sensitivity, especially high 'drive' trait, and showed high levels of 'anxiety' and 'anger'. Type B had low BAS sensitivity, especially low 'fun seeking' and low 'drive' trait, and showed low levels of 'anxiety' as well as low levels of 'happiness'. Type C had low BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'happiness' and low levels of 'sadness'. Type D had high BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'lethargy' and 'sadness'. As a result of EEG signal analysis of color stimuli, Type B, Type C, and Type D showed significant differences in prefrontal alpha asymmetry under the negative emotional stimuli. Type B showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with pale R and dull G. Type C showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and B, pale R, and dull R, G, P. Type D showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and P, pale R, Y, P, and dull R, Y, G, B, P. The group of high BAS sensitivity was not influenced by color stimuli under the emotional conditions, whereas the group of high BIS sensitivity was affected by color stimuli under the negative emotional conditions. They showed left prefrontal activation when they were exposed the spaces with vivid, pale, dull tones of Y and P wall.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

People tend to perceive their loved others (e.g., children, spouse, romantic partner) as their extended selves and then control over the loved others' fashion style corresponding to their self-concept. The study conceptually suggested that people's perceptions on legitimacy to interfere the others and their own fashionability would separately or interactively influence their control over the loved others' fashion style. To investigate the suggestions, an experiment with female participants in their 20's was conducted by using a scenario. The results indicated that participants' perception of legitimacy to interfere their boyfriends or their own fashionability did not have a separate effect on control over their boyfriends' fashion style. However, the legitimacy and the fashionability did have an interactive effect on the control. In particular, for high legitimacy groups, there was no difference in the control between low and high fashionability groups. For low legitimacy groups, the control was stronger in high fashionability group than in low fashionability group.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The development of stereoscopic display hardwares and 3D authoring softwares expands its application areas from particular virtual simulation applications to general movies, games, advertising applications. However, the binocular-based 3D stereoscopic images cause fatigue to viewers. Recent performed many research results about the binocular stereoscopy's depth perception and viewers' fatigue are derived from experimental users studies. In some results, watching and making guidelines for 3D stereoscopic imaging contents are introduced. The 3D stereoscopic-related contents have the contradictory aspects, which are audiences' pursuit of a tolerable minimum fatigue and producer's its of excessive depth changes for providing viewers' immersion. This paper provides user experiments and analysis data in aspects of 3D depth changes. For use of producers, a safety zone and translational velocity of 3D depth changes are introduced. Also, on the viewer side, we present the depth change adaptation time by using an EEG device.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.79-98
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• 2019

In this paper, the security behaviors and attitudes related with the personal information of teenagers were investigated using empirical data based on rational behavior theory and protection motivation theory. An experiment for teenagers was conducted on Excel and the statistical packages (i.e., SPSS 21.0 and SmartPLS2.0.M3) to see how self-efficiency, security attitude, security intention and individual innovation affect their security behaviors. The experimental results showed that the security behaviors and attitudes of teenagers between internet and information devices are closely related, and the social influences can affect personal self-efficacy and security attitudes. Finally, we can know that teenagers should recognize the importance of security and protect their personal information safely through continuous education and training so that they can be linked to security behaviors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.3858-3874
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• 2021

As an essential part of the urban transportation system, precise perception of the traffic flow parameters at the traffic signal intersection ensures traffic safety and fully improves the intersection's capacity. Traditional detection methods of road traffic flow parameter can be divided into the micro and the macro. The microscopic detection methods include geomagnetic induction coil technology, aerial detection technology based on the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and camera video detection technology based on the fixed scene. The macroscopic detection methods include floating car data analysis technology. All the above methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Recently, indoor location methods based on wireless signals have attracted wide attention due to their applicability and low cost. This paper extends the wireless signal indoor location method to the outdoor intersection scene for traffic flow parameter estimation. In this paper, the detection scene is constructed at the intersection based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) ranging technology extracted from the wireless signal. We extracted the RSSI data from the wireless signals sent to the road side unit (RSU) by the vehicle nodes, calibrated the RSSI ranging model, and finally obtained the traffic flow parameters of the intersection entrance road. We measured the average speed of traffic flow through multiple simulation experiments, the trajectory of traffic flow, and the spatiotemporal map at a single intersection inlet. Finally, we obtained the queue length of the inlet lane at the intersection. The simulation results of the experiment show that the RSSI ranging positioning method based on wireless signals can accurately estimate the traffic flow parameters at the intersection, which also provides a foundation for accurately estimating the traffic flow state in the future era of the Internet of Vehicles.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.261-278
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• 1990

Two experiments were performed to test whether the perception of subjective contours occurs not only through bottom-up processes but also throught top-down processes by manipilating such cognitive factors as superimposition cues and selective attention.In the first experiment,the phenomenon of neon color spreading effect was used to investigate the effect of superimpoed Kanizsa triangles.To identify the effect of superimposition, two different colors were used,one for each overlapped Kanizsa triangle,and the subjects were asked which neon-like color they saw for the overlapped portion.Result indicates that the only neon-like color of the superimposing triangle can be perceived,which implies that super impostition cues may act upon the formation process of subjective contour as a a sort of top-down information.In the second experiment,two partially ovwelapped Kanizsa squares of which direction of superimposition were ambiguous and thus reversable depending on the observer's mental set were used to inverstigate the effect of selective attention.Subjects were instructed to pay attention only to one of the squares and report the neon- like color of the overlapped portion of them.Result shows that the subjects perceive only the neon-like color of superimposing square,which implies that such cognitive factors as selective attention may strongly influence the formation of subjective contours. In conclusion,the results of this study show that the subective contour does not depend only on bottom-up processes but also on such cognitive factors as super-imposition cues and selective attention.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2023

Gender diversity policies aim to reduce institutional discrimination in a male-dominated society and the underutilization of women in terms of the economy. Extant gender diversity literature has focused on gender diversity policies premised on women being treated as a minority. However, since women-centered occupational groups do exist, women cannot be considered an absolute minority. Therefore, we explored the gender difference in job seekers' reactions to a diversity policy favorable to men. The experiment divided participants into 2 (Gender: Male, Female) × 2 (Diversity: Favorable, Unfavorable), canvassing 329 college students (156 male, 173 female). Participants evaluated the organizational justice and organizational attractiveness of the virtual company by looking at the diversity cues presented in the job posting seeking new employees. As a result, it was confirmed that if the diversity cues presented in the job posting were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to the individual, the organization's distribution justice and procedural justice perceptions were generated differently according to the gender of the job seeker. Moreover, female job seekers perceived distribution justice and procedural justice as higher than male job seekers when they encountered diversity cues that were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to them. In addition, the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness was mediated by the perception of organizational justice, and this mediating effect was moderated by gender. For women, on the one hand, the mediating effect through the perception of distributive justice and procedural justice was significant in the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness. On the other hand, the mediating effect alone through the perception of procedural justice was significant for men. Our findings suggest that identical diversity managements are distinguished by individuals' social status or affiliation and may even result in differentiated behaviors.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the meaning of observation time in the course of acquiring the information of subjects who observed the space of hall in subway stations to figure out the process of spatial information excluded and the features of intensive searching. The followings are the results from the analysis of searching process with the interpretation of the process for information acquirement through the interpretation of observation area and time. First, based on the general definition of observation time, the reason for analyzing the features of acquiring spatial information according to the subjects' observation time has been established. The feature of decreased analysis data reflected that of observation time in the process of perceiving and recognizing spatial information, which showed that the observation was focused on the enter of the space during the time spent in the process of observing the space and the spent time with considerable exclusion of bottom end (in particular, right bottom end). Second, while the subjects were observing the space of hall in subway stations, they focused on the top of the left center and the signs on the right exit the most, which was followed by the focus on the both side horizontally and the clock on the top. Third, the analysis of consecutive observation frequency enabled the comparison of the changes to the observation concentration by area. The difference of time by area produced the data with which the change to the contents of spatial searching in the process of searching space could be known. Fourth, as the observation frequency in the area of I changed [three times -> six times -> 9 times], the observation time included in the area increased, which showed the process for the change from perception to recognition of information with the concentration of attention through visual information. It makes it possible to understand that more time was spent on the information to be acquired with the exclusion of the unnecessary information around.