• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2011

The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is beyond a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway; PV is no longer an outlier. The birth of modern photovoltaics (PV) traces only to the mid-1950s, with the Bell Telephone Laboratories' development of an efficient, single-crystal Si solar cell. Since then, Si has dominated the technology and the markets, from space through terrestrial applications. Recently, some significant shift toward technology diversity have taken place. Some focus of this presentation will be directed toward PV R&D and technology advances, with indications of the limitations and relative strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). Recent advances, contributions, industry growth, and technological pathways for transformational now and near-term technologies (Si and primarily thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (nanotechnologies and non-conventional and "new-physics" approaches) are evaluated. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, ${\ldots}$ and solar hydrogen) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. This presentation provides insights to the reasons for PV technology emergence, how these technologies have to be developed (an appreciation of the history of solar PV)-and where we can expect to be by this mid-21st century.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.551-566
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• 2017

As the modern society is rapidly developing and people become affluent in materials, many new chemical compounds in different forms of products (e.g., antibiotics, pesticides, detergents, personal care products and plastic goods) are produced, used, and disposed of to the environments. Some of them are persistently having a harmful impact on the environment and mimicking endocrine properties; in general they are present in the environment at low concentrations, so they are called organic pollutants. These organic micropollutants flow to sewage treatment plants via different routes. In this study, the generation characteristics, exposure pathways, detection levels, and environmental impacts of organic micropollutants were critically reviewed. In addition, currently available risk assessment methods and management systems for the compounds were reviewed. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), for example, has monitored organic micropollutants and set the monitoring and management of some of the compounds as a priority. To effectively manage organic micropollutants in sewer systems, therefore, we should first monitor organic micropollutants of potential concern and then make a watch list of specific substances systematically, as described in guidelines on listing water pollutants in industrial wastewater.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.267-268
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• 2015

One of the long-standing problems in modern astronomy is the curious division of globular clusters (GCs) into two groups, according to the mean period (<$P_{ab}$>) of type ab RR Lyrae variables. In light of the recent discovery of multiple populations in GCs, we suggest a new model explaining the origin of the Sandage period-shift and the difference in mean period of type ab RR Lyrae variables between the two Oosterhoff groups. In our models, the instability strip in the metal-poor group II clusters, such as M15, is populated by second generation stars (G2) with enhanced helium and CNO abundances, while the RR Lyraes in the relatively metal-rich group I clusters like M3 are mostly produced by first generation stars (G1) without these enhancements. This population shift within the instability strip with metallicity can create the observed period-shift between the two groups, since both helium and CNO abundances play a role in increasing the period of RR Lyrae variables. The presence of more metal-rich clusters having Oosterhoff-intermediate characteristics, such as NGC 1851, as well as of most metal-rich clusters having RR Lyraes with the longest periods (group III) can also be reproduced, as more helium-rich third and later generations of stars (G3) penetrate into the instability strip with further increase in metallicity. Therefore, although there are systems where the suggested population shift cannot be a viable explanation, for the most general cases, our models predict that RR Lyraes are produced mostly by G1, G2, and G3, respectively, for the Oosterhoff groups I, II, and III.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1549-1559
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• 2010

Modern power system is operated and managed in closed network environment with treating a great variety of data, and requirement of real time power system data is more increasing. However, it is difficult for operators to fast evaluate the condition of power system using only isolation network system such as SCADA or EMS regarding unexpecting situations occurring. Recent technology achievement in areas of distributed computing, networking high speed communications and digital control as well as the availability of accurate GPS time source are rapidly becoming the enabling factors for the development of a new generation of real time power grid monitoring tools. In this paper, architecture of WAMAC which is the wide area monitoring and control system not only to control but also to monitoring in real time is proposed and the plan of integration interface with legacy system such as EMS for providing power system analysis base data effectively is suggested.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2019

Much advancement has been made in wind power due to modern technological developments. The wind energy technology is the world's fastest-growing energy option. More power can be generated from wind energy by the use of new design and techniques of wind energy machines. The geographical areas with suitable wind speed are more favorable and preferred for wind power deployment over other sources of energy generation. Today's wind turbines are mainly the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). HAWTs are commercially available in various sizes starting from a few kilowatts to multi-megawatts and are suitable for almost all applications, including both onshore and offshore deployment. On the other hand, VAWTs finds their places in small and residential wind applications. The objective of the present work is to review the technological development, available sizes, efficiencies, structural types, and structural stability of VAWTs. Structural stability and efficiencies of the VAWTS are found to be dependent on the structural shape and size.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2021

Nam Nong Heo Geon(1908-1987) re-recognized and re-created the tradition of Korean Namjong painting by excluding Japanese art forms after liberation. He is a great painter in the Korean art world, who has succeeded and developed Korean Namjong Painting in a modern way, pioneering a new field of 'NewNamhwa' with a composition that fuses modern Western style and real scenery. Based on optimism, Namnong's painting world can be divided into three periods: the 'Namnong Sanin' period in the 1930s, the 'Namnongoesa' period from the mid-1940s to the early 1950s, and the 'the owner of Unlimsanbang' period after that. The Namnong Sanin period is a period in which the painting style handed down from the traditional namhwau family of Sochi and Misan is fully acquired, and the Japanese painting style for the exhibition in Seonjeon is reflected, and the local real scenery is treated a lot, and the two styles are mixed. In the Namnong-oesa period, after liberation, a new formativeness was explored in the traditional Namhwa style. In particular, based on the scenery and sentiments of the southern provinces, he focused on local and landscape paintings, depicting real landscapes with lyricism and local love, while expressing subjects with fast brush strokes, a worndown writing brush, and dry brushes, along with freehand adjustment of shading. The period of the owner of unlimsanbang is in accordance with the flow of modern art to some extent, but is gradually omitted as a composition full of academic fragrance that draws a meaning befitting traditional painting. I painted a lot of lyrical landscapes and pine trees of sumugdamchae. Namnong named it 'NewNamhwa'. Namnong established 'Namhwa Research Institute' and worked hard to nurture his disciples, where Im-in's son Heomun and Namnong's eldest grandson Heojin practiced, continuing the legacy of the 5th generation Unlimsanbang painter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-90
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• 1977

A survey was made to ascertain the indigenous folkcrafts preserved in "Hwajeon" farms in deep mountain areas with the following findings: The folkcrafts which had been handed down from generation to generation of "Hwajeon" farms were very scarce presumably because of the dwellers' frequent moves from place to place owing to their insecure liveli-hood. Moreover, the surges of modern civilization and especially the recent New-community Movement could not have by-passed the "Hwajeon" areas; nowadays, the modernization surge has all but extinguished the folkcrafts that had come down from their forefathers. The recent government policy of farm community electricalization has further helped to transform these "Hwajeon" hamlets into the modernized communities. However, in the isolated hamlets rooted deep in the trackless mountains, we can still, though very rarely, find the folklore and folkcrafts closely associated with the inhabitants' livelihood, through which we can deepen our understanding about their versatile adaptability to the desolate environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 2014

NCW is a new operational concept for modern warfare to improve the ability to conduct combat by connecting command and control system via network. To realize NCW integrating information sharing system between multiple platforms, CDL is considered as a key component for high-speed transmission of ISR data. Accordingly, further studies to enhance the performance of CDL are being performed around the world, and our government has also developed self-reliant CDL, MPI-CDL. However, the maximum data rate and networking performance of current CDL still fall short of the objective to enable multiple systems to share the large ISR data. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the development flow and international technical trends of CDL, and present an approach for enhancing data rate and networking capacity of the next generation CDL.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.211-233
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• 2007

Caryl Churchill achieved spacial politics to resist dominant ideology in Cloud Nine. It is suggested that heterotopia is a counter-site to the places which are controlled by colonialism and sexuality. Churchill juxtaposes African colony of Victorian period in the first act and modern London in the second act. It implies that individuals are similarly oppressed by dominant ideology until now though several conditions for individuals are drastically improved. White heterosexual men in the play try to build their utopia to keep their privileges. If they find anything abnormal to their standard, they systematically classify people and organize them into the different ranks and levels to seclude them from their utopia. Actually, the ideal people in the ideal place are oppressed by patriarchal ideology, compulsory heterosexuality, and colonialism which are covertly associated with gender. Therefore, Churchill uses the cross-casting to challenge the artificiality of gender, sexuality, generation and race in the play. People realize that they need to find their own desires free from gender, compulsory heterosexuality, ethnic, and race and their subjectivity flowing in and out of space. It is the site that all the binary oppositions are deconstructed and creates new multiple nodes to expand the boundary of their communities to heterotopia in real places.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

There has been current trend running through each generation. All the leading areas in the fashion, art, architect industries etc. are absorbing the needs of the mass users and getting popular and high attentions from the society. One of recent trends are the interior design utilizing the aged style of materials such as bricks, antique and vintage objets. It is applied not only for the cafeteria, movie theater, museum but the cultural space. It reflects the brand-new and Utopian interpretation of design longings for the nostalgia and the old ages. This goes back to the picturesque aesthetics in the 1980s. The term "picturesque" means "picture-like". And it originated from the Utopian vision taken from the landscape paintings of English aristocrat's trip to Europe. it mainly reflects people's longing for the nostalgia and their the happy days in the past. In recent days of bad economies, it has been found in various areas from people's desire for the prosperity in the last days. The objective of this study is to examine the up-current trend of picturesque aesthetics and see its characteristics and how it can be applied to the interior design. And the feasibility study for the necessity of the picturesque aesthetics, any spatioperceptual elements and capable space for human beings to be made for an eclectic space in the desolate modern day life.