• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Fifteen herbs used in oral medicine were extracted in ethanol and screened for tooth whitening effect, radical scavenging activity, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and anti-bacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans. The results are as followed: 1. The tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing 1 $\%$ ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested in brushing method using artificially stained HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. Toothpaste containing 1$\%$ of Vucia unijuga, Illicium verum, Angelica dahurica and Piper longum extracts showed tooth whitening effects on both HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. But the others did not show a considerable activity. 2. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Two ethanol extracts of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis were found to be the most effective on radical scavenging activity. C. heracleifolia and P. nigra var. henonis extracts removed 86$\%$ and 81 $\%$ of DPPH radical at 0.01$\%$, compared with butylated hydroxy toluene as positive control. 3. The inhibition activity of ethanol extracts on nitrate production In RAW264.7 cell stimulated by lipopolysacchride was tested using the Griess reagent. But all extracts did not inhibit nitrate production. 4. The antibacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans was tested by paper disk method. But no one extract showed any anti - bacterial activity.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for development of oral health educational program on the control of handicapped children at social welfare facilities. For this research, it was investigated by a survey on the actual condition of dental health of handicapped children, and simultaneously by analyzing the relationships between the realities of child's dental condition and parents and guardian's acknowledgments and managements with regard to the dental health of children. This survey was conducted 135 children and their guardians being 4 social welfare facilities in Ulsan metropolitan city. 1. The average of DT, MT, FT and DMFT index were 1.82, 0.01, 0.98 and 2.84 respectively. 2. Rolling Toothbrushing method was the highest response(58.5%) and 3 times per a day(77.0%). A proxy of toothbrushing was parents(39.2%) and teacher(60.8%). 3. Recognition routes of toothbrushing method were family(13.3%), school(43.7%) and dental chinic(42.2%). 4. The numer of times electromotion tooth brushing was the highest response in more than 4 times per a day. Toothbrushing after eating between meals was higher negative response(50.4%). The number of times visiting dental clinic was the highest response in more than 5 times during a year(51.9%).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2015

Objectives : This literature study about dental external treatments from Hyangyakjibsungbang Tooth will invigorate applying the therapeutics in the field of Dentistry. Methods : In this study, the parts related to external treatment in the original text of Hyangyakjibsungbang Tooth were reviewed. Results : Examples of frequently used external method were gargling, applying powder, and brushing one's tooth. These methods are still used in modern dental treatment. Conclusions : Discovering new herbal medicines that provide better effects and developing more precise external treatments will advance dental treatment in Korean medicine.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of multimedia educational program of the prevention of respiratory disorders on knowledge and behavior of preschool children. Method: The research design used a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest. 32 subjects in the control group received no intervention, 33 subjects in experimental group received a multimedia educational program that consists of video, named 'The strong girl and weak girl', 5 different picture boards, method of hand washing, tooth brushing, and reinforcement. The data were analyzed by using $x^2$-test and t-test for determining of homogeneity and testing the hypothesis. Results: There were significant increases in knowledge and behavior in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: From the results of this study, the multimedia educational program significantly increased knowledge and behaviors of preschool children for preventing respiratory disorders. These findings suggest that a multimedia educational program can be used as an efficient nursing intervention of preschool children for preventing respiratory disorders.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. The objectives of this study were to evaluate current oral health care of elementary schools in Chungnam province and to provide information for further development in elementary school oral health. We performed a questionnaire survey to 280 health teachers and among them, 155 teachers answered. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Sixty five percent of the health teachers had little interest in oral health. Major information sources for teaching oral health were books in 58.1% of the 155 teachers and 83.2% of teachers spent 30 minutes to 1hour per day in oral health care practice for the students. 2. Contents of the oral health education were composed of regular and special curriculums, and an average of education time during a semester was 2.6 hours in 3rd grade, and 1.3 hours in first and second grade. 60.6% of the teachers made the children practice the proper method of tooth brushing during the education time. 3. Major problems in oral health education were insufficient time, lack of equipment and difficulty in teaching method. The educational media were tooth models among 91.0% and OHP among 85.2% of the teachers. The tooth model was usually used in first to fourth grades and OHP in fifth to sixth grades. But 63.9% health teachers need to develop stronger educational methods using multimedia. 4. Meanwhile the most important strategy of oral health in urban schools was health education, that of rural schools was fluoride mouth-rinsing programme. Fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes were performed by 60.0% of the elementary school. Periodic dental examination was performed in all elementary schools. 98.2% of the schools sent the results home through school notification letters, but post-examination management was performed in only 67.1% of them 64.5% of the health teachers do follow-ups on the oral disease of the children after the examination. Only 0.7% of the schools have oral health education plans for the students' parents. Considering these major strategies for elementary school oral health care were health education, practicing proper methods of tooth brushing, periodic dental examinations, and fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes. But health teachers need more time for oral health education, practicing and management, and developing education materials. With regard to the high demand for oral health education and poor follow-up after periodic examination, the oral health education in elementary school should be considered as a formal educational course for more proper management of oral health, including application of major strategies to the children in earlier grades and efforts for increasing recognition and participation of the parents.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2002

The 180 toothbrushes out of 18 models( ten brushes for each model) were used for this examination among the toothbrushes for adults which were sold in the domestic markets. After three-month brushings through a roll ing method and Bass method were practiced with Toothbrush Stroke Tester which reproduced brushing methods outside the mouth, I investigated the morphology bristle tips of using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The conclusions are as follows. 1. Soft bristle toothbrushes(of 8 models out of 9 models) were badly damaged at the bristles end after 3 month toothbrushing. 2. Medium bristle toothbrushes(of four models out of five models) were irregularly worn at the bristles end after 3 month toothbrushing. 3. Hard bristle toothbrushes(of three models out of four models) were chisel-shapedly worn at the bristles end after 3 month toothbrushing. 4. Taper-shaped toothbrushes were very irregularly bent at the bristles end after 3 month toothbrushing. 5. It was examined in the bristle stiffness that soft bristle toothbrushes were found in 9 models(50.00%), medium bristle toothbrushes in 5 models(27.78%), and hard-bristle toothbrushes in 4 models(22.22%).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2019

The bond strength between composite laminates and concrete is a key factor that controls the behavior of concrete members strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, which can be affected by several parameters such as thermal stresses and surface preparation. This article presents the result of an experimental study on the bond strength between FRP sheets and concrete at ambient temperature after specimens had been exposed to elevated temperatures of up to $200^{\circ}C$. For this purpose, 30 specimens of plain concrete with dimensions of $150{\times}150{\times}350mm$ were prepared. Three different conventional surface preparation methods (sandblasting, wire brushing and hole drilling) were considered and compared with a new efficient method (fiber implantation). Deformation field during each experiment was monitored using particle image velocimetry. The results showed that, the specimens which were prepared by conventional surface preparation methods, preserved their bond integrity when exposed to temperature below glass transition temperature of epoxy resin (about $60^{\circ}C$). Beyond this temperature, the bond strength and stiffness decreased significantly (about 50%) in comparison with control specimens. However, the specimens prepared by the proposed method displayed higher bond strengths of up to 32% and 90% at $25^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2006

배 경: 액상 세포학 검사법(Liquid-based cytology)은 최근들어 각광을 받고있는 검사방법으로 여러 연구, 특히 산부인과적 영역에서 암진단에 높은 효율성을 보여주고 있다. 본 저자들은 기관지내시경상 이상병변을 보이는 환자에서 세척세포진, 솔질세포진, 액상 세포학 검사법인 Thinprep을 시행하여 진단율 및 효용성을 비교하여 보았다. 방법 및 대상: 본원에서 2005년 6월부터 9월까지 호흡기적 증상을 보여 내원한 환자 중 기관지내시경을 시행하여 병변이 발견된 30명의 환자에서 Thinprep과 기존세포검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 이상병변을 보였던 30명의 환자 중 조직검사를 통해 암을 진단받은 환자는 24명이었으며 4명은 결핵, 각각 1명씩은 기관지확장증, 기관지-폐누공을 진단받았다. Thinprep에서 암인 24명의 환자 중 19명이, 기존세포검사에서 기관지솔질검사(brushing)을 통해 얻은 결과가 17명, 세척액(washing)은 12명에서 암세포나 비전형세포가 보였다. 두 방법 모두 암이 아닌 환자에서는 비전형세포는 보이지 않았다. 세척세포진검사는 민감도 50%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 33.3%, 솔질세포진검사는 민감도 70.8%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 46.2%, Thinprep에서는 민감도 79.2%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 54%를 보였다. 결 론: 액상 세포학 검사법인 Thinprep은 기존의 검사법보다 민감도, 음성예측도가 큰 검사로 폐암의 진단률을 높이는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며 앞으로 대단위의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective dental education program and no smoking and no drinking program for high school students who do smoking and drinking, executed investigation by own recording way using smoking and questionnaire consisted of actual conditions and caries prevention awareness and dental health knowledge degree of drinking to some man high school. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence. Result of this study is as following. 1. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a drinking student and main current received most soju. Third-year student appeared by thing which receive a lot of soju than 1 or 2 class student but different other difference was not seen by class. 2. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a smoking student and a student who smoke more than 3 years was the most. I can know was old since third-year student smokes than 1 or 2 class student. 3. It was not difference that keep in mind by drinking, smoking availability although there were many students who recognize that all of the on-time dental medical examination, sugar intake limitation, fluorine inclusion toothpaste, teeth fluorine application are seldom effective on caries prevention. 4. Recognized that right brushing is effective relatively on caries prevention. I was shown difference that recognized that righter brushing is effective on bad tooth courtesy call than a student who a student who do not smoke does, and keeps in mind according to smoking availability ($x^2$=6.78, p<0.05). 5. I knew best about question of 'A caries may not treat if is painless' among that question ask knowledge for a caries, and appeared by thing which do not know best about question of 'Know that method that supply fluorine in water'. 6. A student who do not drink general dental know-how for a caries was high knowledge degree for a caries than a drunk student but it was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability. Also, a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high knowledge degree for a caries than a done student but difference that keep in mind statistically was not seen. 7. It was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability, but a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high relation knowledge degree with food and a caries than a smoked student, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). 8. Awareness and synthetic estimation degree of knowledge degree a student who do not smoke than a smoked student mouth knowledge degree high, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). When see as result such as singularity, family, school, all social institutions may have to help by national business coming and try so that can become national business based on special know-how for development of effective and epoch-making education program as quickly as possible.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2003

In Korea, changes in children's diet patterns accelerate their physical growth and development: frequent snacking has been presumed to be a major cause of increasing dental caries. The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between the physical development of growing children and their tooth decay. For this purpose, 632 six-grade children in 4 elementary school located in Urban(Seoul) and Rural(Po-gok, Yang-In) were classified into three groups based on the Weight Length Index(WLI), known to reflect the nutritional conditions of school-age children, and the relationship was analyzed between each group and the variables considered to be related with dental caries. The result is as follows: The average weight and height of the male is $44.88{\pm}10.89$ kg, $148.49{\pm}7.33$ cm and female is $43.35{\pm}9.60$ kg, $149.23{\pm}6.73$ cm, respectively, which are in the similar level with the Korean Physical Standard. The classification of the children by the WLI reveals a relatively high distribution of over-weighted child ren - 212 persons, 335% of the entire population. The DMFT Index was a little high in the rural area(3.15 teeth in urban and 3.31, in rural). Among the groups of children classified by the WLI, the over-weight group have the highest DMFT index(3.69 teeth). The relationship between the frequency of taking in basic nutrients and the DMFT index is also found: the relationship is not evident in case of the foods containing rich calcium, protein, as well as fruits and vegetables. But, in the protein-rich food, higher frequency of its intake means significantly lower DMFT index in the normal-weight group of the urban children. In case of carbohydrate, higher frequency of its intake means significantly higher DMFT index in all the groups of the rural children. The DMFT index has some correlations with the relevant variables: the index has a positive correlation with the frequency of snacking, and a negative correlation with the economic status. That is, the higher the frequency of snacking is, and the lower the economic status is, the higher the DMFT index may be. In the logistic multiple regression analysis conducted with the presence of DMFT as a dependent variable, only the frequency of tooth brushing is turned to be a variable affecting the presence of either decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Based on the above result, the variables affecting the DMFT index are a time spent on eating, frequency of intake of protein and carbohydrate for a week, frequency of snacking, regular dental check-ups, preventive behaviors for oral health(fluoride gargling, tooth brusing after each meal, proper tooth brushing method). These variables have a relationship with the DMFT index, but the degree is somewhat different between the groups classified either by the region or by the WLI. Therefore, appropriate nutrition management should be conducted according to the individual's nutritional conditions when the services like nutritional education are provided based on the closely-examined characteristics of each target group. And, at the same time, oral health education should be strengthened, and its importance should also be emphasized so that people can pay attention to their own oral health.