• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the analysis on space usage of delivery departments in regional public hospitals. The results intention is to achieve improvement of the delivery environment for the mothers and newborns regarding exposure prevention and efficient infection control. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for architectural plans and guidelines for the delivery department. Method: The investigation and analysis were based on research papers, legal systems, public medical statistical data, and the architectural floor plan drawing. For research, 20 regional public hospitals with an operating delivery room were excluded. Regarding data accessibility, 15 regional public hospitals were selected. Results: To overcome the increased vulnerability of the delivery department, the research results of basic data is provided for the establishment to address urgent needs and rapid response. Thus, the research results are as follows: Firstly, the delivery department needs to respond promptly according to the type of patients. For example, in a case of emergency surgery, a connected circulation plan with the related departments is needed. Secondly, for the environment of the delivery area, alleviating anxiety is imperative for pregnant patients and guardians, labor, childbirth, and recovery. Therefore, these needs must be addressed for treatment space and circulation. Lastly, the delivery department is classified into three areas for analysis: access area, treatment area, and support area. In most of the delivery departments of the 15 selected hospitals, there is no space for the access and support area except for the labor and delivery rooms in the treatment area. For the access area, a waiting area, changing room for pregnant women and guardians, and a storage space for contaminated linens are required for infection prevention, safety, and efficiency. For the treatment area, childbirth processes and circulation should have space reserved for labor, delivery, recovery, examination, and treatment. In preparation for an emergency during childbirth, emergency response measures and supporting space needs to be established. For the support area, circulation and rooms are to be designed for medical staff support, activity space, storage and transportation of equipment, and urgent medical treatment. Implications: Along with the low fertility rate and the decrease of medical institutions that operate delivery departments, for the purpose of establishing a public medical service system and a healthy medical environment for mothers and newborns, the researched information demonstrates basic data on space plan of delivery departments in regional public hospitals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8820-8829
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• 2015

While medical services are recognized to be crucial in a process of disease treatment, the research has been done with the service space and waiting time in a medical institution. This paper's objective is to evaluate the waiting areas of lobby, outpatient clinic, operating room in a general hospital and to draw factors of architecture design for further improvement, identifying strengths and weaknesses to be analyzed in terms of medical service. Research method is to define concepts of waiting time through literature review and advanced researches, analyze characteristics of architectural plan through drawing analysis and site survey. This research will contribute to the improvements of the planning methods which will reduce the waiting time and increase the quality of medical service.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

At present, the elderly population in Korea is 14% of the total population and then We has entered an the society of advanced age. Along with this, elderly people with dementia and palsy are also increasing. The demand for elderly nursing homes for elderly people with severe diseases such as dementia and stroke is also increasing, and the existing buildings are being secured by Conversion of existing buildings. However, it is difficult to evacuate and fire due to the out of date of buildings by Conversion of existing buildings. For example, there is a fire in the Indukukwon, Pohang City and Hyosung Geriatric Hospital, Jangseong in Korea, which have changed the use of existing buildings. Many elderly people died in a night fire. It was because of the sandwich panel walls and PVC flooring material produced toxic gas instantly. In this study, we investigated the nursing home that changing the use and established fire prevention of human injury and countermeasure of evacuation. First, the sandwich panels which leading to deaths due to the toxic gas were installed in most nursing home. We recommend the RC, the masonry wall, and the glass fiber panel instead of the sandwich panels, In addition, the PVC flooring is most used in nursing home, the flooring material is considered such as the building stones, the tile, and the yellow soil closing instead of the PVC flooring. Second, we investigated the installation status of fire fighting equipment. As a result, the automatic-emergency open&shut equipment, the smoke ventilator and the evacuation slide were rarely installed. In order to secure the golden time in case of fire and to prevent the asphyxia caused by the toxic gas, the law should be amended to install the equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.14-27
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• 2019

This study presents a plan for a memorial park that respects the characteristics based on the historical facts for the concept of space of the Gwangju Hospital of Korea Army and the location of the 505 Security Forces, which were designated as historic sites after the 5-18 Democratization Movement. The Gwangju Metropolitan City as it is the location of the 5-18 historic sites, is taking part in the 5-18 Memorial Project, and plans to establish a city park recognizing the historic site of the 5-18 Democratization Movement, which has been preserved only as a memory space to this point. The park is promoting a phased development plan. This study suggests that the 5-18 historic sites can be modernized and that social consensus can establish the framework of the step-by-step planning and composition process to ensure the plans for the space heals wounds while preserving the history. In this paper, we propose a solution to a problem. We solve the approach for space utilization through an analysis of precedent research and planning cases related to park planning at historical sites. In addition to exploring the value of the site, we also describe the space utilization strategy that covers the historical characteristics and facts while maintaining the concept of park planning. As a result of the research, the historic site of the Gwangju Hospital of Korea Army is planned as a park of historical memory and healing in order to solve the problems left behind by the 5-18 Democratization Movement. The historic site of the 505 Security Forces was selected as an area for historical experiences and a place for learning that can be sympathized with by future generations of children and adolescents in terms of expanding and sustaining the memory of the 5-18 Democratization Movement. In the planning stage, the historical sites suggested the direction of space utilization for representation as did the social consensus of citizens, related groups, and specialists. Through this study, we will contribute to construction of a memorial park containing historical values in from 5-18 historic sites. It is meaningful to suggest a direction that can revitalize the life of the city as well as its citizen and can share with the history with future generations beyond being a place to heal wounds and keep alive the memory of the past.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

A hospital is the most important infra-facility of the places which take care of people's body in social environment. There exist several environmental factors in the ways to heal the human body in hospital ward, but this study tried to look into the improvable pleasant sickroom environment with focus on light environment among the factors. In other words, this study aims at the research on proper daylight inflow into sickroom space as basic data for understanding the link between healing environment and natural lighting. In the simulation analysis through this research, this study completed the initial simulation using Autodesk Revit 2011 with focus on two types of individual multi-bed room units of the two general hospitals located in Gwangju City. This study made a simulation analysis of The two multi-bed rooms looking to the west using the weather data on Gwangju district, which is the strong point of ECOTECT2011. Conclusively, looking into the analysis of the simulation model in time of attaching the length of in & outside light shelf, the angle controlling of light shelf, the daylight factor and DA were found to show the tendency to decrease in the numerical value due to the decrease in sunlight inflow as the simulation model moved more toward the room from the window in comparison with the existing analysis of multi-bed rooms. Particularly, this study was able to read that the daylight factor and DA were more decreasing to improve at the light shelf than the existing bedrooms; conclusively, this study judges that the natural lighting simulation analysis could be helpful in improving the healing environment as basic data.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Objectives: Eight Constitution Medicine (ECM) categorizes individuals into eight constitutions based on physiological differences in organ relations and recommends different diets for different constitutions. This study presents a preliminary analysis of the effect of following constitutional food regimens on quality of life and health outcomes for different constitutions. Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study used subjects recruited from Essen University Hospital Traditional Chinese Medicine Center in Germany. From a convenience sample of 243 Germans, those in the groups Hepatonia/Cholecystonia (n = 95) and Pulmotonia/Colonotonia (n = 26) were analyzed for health outcomes in relation to their dietary habits of either including or avoiding meat. Health outcomes were measured with SF-36, self-reported survey. Results: The two groups had no significant differences in the health outcomes of SF-36. However, subjects in Hepatonia/Cholecystonia who had followed their dietary habit for more than 20 years had significantly better scores on general health, social functioning, mental health, emotional role functioning, and mental component scores than those in Pulmotonia/Colonotonia, regardless of their meat intake. Conclusions: This study established initial groundwork for considering patients' constitutions when evaluating health outcomes and their relation to diet. Further studies are warranted on the effects of regulating food intake according to individual constitution.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

This study is the analysis of characteristics of hospital space for the holistic healing environment of children on the basis of the healing theory on emotion of Max L$\ddot{u}$scher and the healing theory on senses of Rudolf Steiner of the overseas children's hospitals. According to the theory of Rudolf Steiner, children make comprehensive advancement of physical, spirit and soul through the interaction of 12 senses. In addition, Max Luscher asserts that the psychological health can be maintained when the 4 emotional status in content, confidence, self-esteem and liberty make the balance. The 4 elements of Luscher have correspond with spatial expression elements for refuge, flow, prospect and void, and this is analyzed in conjunction with the eight kinds of behavior affordance of ying and yang (-, +) that helps our the advancement of 12 senses of Steiner. WORK & STUDY(+), REST(-), MOBILITY(+), VISUAL SEQUENCE(-), SOCIAL EXCHANGE(+), REFRESHMENT(-), COMMUNITY(+) and MEDITATION (-) would be the 8 kinds of behavioral affordances to make the healing environment as presented in this study and the case analysis for children's hospitals have been undertaken.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2673-2678
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• 2016

Background: It is unclear as to whether the size ratio elastographic technique is useful for assessing ultrasound-detected ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) masses since they commonly lack a significant desmoplastic reaction. The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of this elastographic technique in DCIS and examine if there was any histopathological correlation with the grey-scale strain patterns. Materials and Methods: Female patients referred to the radiology department for image-guided breast biopsy were prospectively evaluated by ultrasound elastography prior to biopsy. Histological diagnosis was the gold standard. An elastographic size ratio of more than 1.1 was considered malignant. Elastographic strain patterns were assessed for correlation with the DCIS histological architectural patterns and nuclear grade. Results: There were 30 DCIS cases. Elastographic sensitivity for detection of malignancy was 86.7% (26/30). 10/30 (33.3%) DCIS masses demonstrated predominantly white elastographic strain patterns while 20/30 (66.7%) were predominantly black. There were 3 (10.0%) DCIS masses that showed had a co-existent bull's-eye sign and 7 (23.3%) other masses had a co-existent toothpaste sign, a strain pattern that has never been reported in the literature. Four out of 4/5 comedo DCIS showed a predominantly white strain pattern (p=0.031) while 6/7 cases with the toothpaste sign were papillary DCIS (p=0.031). There was no relationship between the strain pattern and the DCIS nuclear grade. Conclusions: The size ratio elastographic technique was found to be very sensitive for ultrasound-detected DCIS masses. While the elastographic grey-scale strain pattern should not be used for diagnostic purposes, it correlated well with the DCIS architecture.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to develop a computer-assisted detection system based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm and to evaluate the potential usefulness and accuracy of this system for the diagnosis and prediction of periodontally compromised teeth (PCT). Methods: Combining pretrained deep CNN architecture and a self-trained network, periapical radiographic images were used to determine the optimal CNN algorithm and weights. The diagnostic and predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve, confusion matrix, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using our deep CNN algorithm, based on a Keras framework in Python. Results: The periapical radiographic dataset was split into training (n=1,044), validation (n=348), and test (n=348) datasets. With the deep learning algorithm, the diagnostic accuracy for PCT was 81.0% for premolars and 76.7% for molars. Using 64 premolars and 64 molars that were clinically diagnosed as severe PCT, the accuracy of predicting extraction was 82.8% (95% CI, 70.1%-91.2%) for premolars and 73.4% (95% CI, 59.9%-84.0%) for molars. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the deep CNN algorithm was useful for assessing the diagnosis and predictability of PCT. Therefore, with further optimization of the PCT dataset and improvements in the algorithm, a computer-aided detection system can be expected to become an effective and efficient method of diagnosing and predicting PCT.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.7-17
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• 2016

Purpose: As our population ages and becomes an elderly society the number of elderly care hospitals is rapidly increasing. Because physical functions and spatial perception in the elderly decrease with age, these hospitals require more systematic and intelligent space designs. The design of these spaces are even more complex because they must accommodate medical programs to treat various different diseases and ailments and also because there are many first time patients and irregular short term patients that seek out outpatient treatment services. Also by analyzing the spatial configuration systems and systematic relationships between each of the functional spaces of the outpatient treatment service departments for hospitals specialized in care for the elderly by focusing on the hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals, the according characteristics and trends were examined. Methods: Based on preceding research, the types of hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals were categorized into five types, including gallery corridors, middle corridors, hall-type, mixed type and cyclic type corridors, and into six types according to function including by medical diagnosis, patient registration, examination, administration and convenience and shared common space to derive any interconnecting relationships between the corridor systems. Also by comprehensively examining the types and combined utilization of the corridor types and the integration and the intelligibility of the space syntax, any trends within the corridor system were derived. The elderly care hospitals examined in this research study were twelve hospitals that opened after the year 2000 in Korea with more that 150 sick beds with areas larger than $1000m^2$ and with all outpatient medical service related rooms located entirely on a single floor of the hospital. Results: The following results could be confirmed based on this research study. 1) The spaces where medical diagnosis and examination occurred were adjacent, and the movement lines for first time patients and re-visiting patients were taken into consideration by separating the treatment space. 2) This research study confirmed that the larger the size of the hospital was, there were more detailed categorizations of treatment services and that there was a tendency for treatment areas to be separated and independent from examination areas. 3) There was a tendency for integration and intelligibility to decrease the more complex and diverse the combination of hall types designed into the corridor systems of these hospitals was. cyclic type corridors dramatically decreased the intelligibility of the corridor systems of these hospitals. 4) The priority rank of these spaces were confirmed to be highest in the order of registration, diagnosis, examination, treatment, administration and shared common spaces. However it was confirmed for the local integration that the diagnosis scope had the highest priority rank. Implications: There were exceptional cases confirmed where the number of unit spaces did not have an absolute effect on integration and intelligibility. These results can be interpreted to mean that this can be overcome through efficient architectural planning.