• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2024

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) vascular malformations are a group of abnormal blood vessel formations within the brain or spinal cord in children. The most crucial point of pediatric CNS vascular malformation is that no golden standard classifications exist. In addition, there is a big gap in knowledge and the viewpoint of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. In addition, many genes associated with pediatric CNS vascular malformation, such as Sturge-Weber-Dimitri syndrome with guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (GNAQ) gene mutation, and cavernous malformations with cerebral cavernous malformations 1 (CCM1), CCM2, and CCM3 gene mutation, were recently revealed. For proper therapeutic approaches, we must understand the lesions' characterizations in anatomical, morphological, and functional views. In this review, the author would like to provide basic pediatric CNS vascular malformation concepts with understandable diagrams. Thus, the author hopes that it might be helpful for the proper diagnosis and treatment of CNS pediatric vascular malformations.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.588-593
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• 2014

본 논문은 RLIP76 단백질이 암, 종양 혈관 신생 및 그 치료에 미치는 중요성을 보고함에 있다. 암의 연구에 있어서, 종양의 혈관 신생을 억제시키는 인자와 영향을 끼치는 인자를 밝혀내는 것은 암의 억제와 치료를 위한 분자 생물학적 기전에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 최근 연구에서, RLIP76 단백질이 혈관 신생에 영향을 끼치는 역할을 발견하였다. RLIP76 제거 마우스의 종양은 일반 종양과 비교하여 혈관의 크기가 작으며, 가늘고, 그 혈관의 수가 적고 길이가 짧은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 게다가, Matrigel plugs을 이용한 혈관 신생 실험에서, RLIP76이 제거된 마우스에서는 혈관 생성이 억제 되었으나, 일반 마우스에서는 혈관이 생성되었다. 또한, 혈관세포를 이용한 in vitro 실험에 있어서, proliferation, migration 및 cord formation 모두가 RLIP76에 의해서 조절되었다. 일반적으로 RLIP76은 대부분의 인간 조직과 종양에서 발현되며, 약의 저항 기전 연구에 이용되고 있기도 한다. 또한, 이RLIP76은 small GTPase R-Ras와 상호작용을 통하여 세포 spreading 및 migration에 관여하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 RLIP76와 암 연구의 중요성을 보고하고 있으며, 혈관 세포의 기능의 기전 및 종양의 혈관 신생을 위한 RLIP76 단백질의 중요성을 알리고 있고, RLIP76의 추가적인 연구를 통하여 종양의 혈관 신생의 기전을 밝히는 것이 필요함을 제안하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2018

Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) are used in tissue repair and regeneration; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We investigated the hair growth-promoting effects of hUCB-MSCs treatment to determine whether hUCB-MSCs enhance the promotion of hair growth. Furthermore, we attempted to identify the factors responsible for hair growth. The effects of hUCB-MSCs on hair growth were investigated in vivo, and hUCB-MSCs advanced anagen onset and hair follicle neogeneration. We found that hUCB-MSCs co-culture increased the viability and up-regulated hair induction-related proteins of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. A growth factor antibody array revealed that secretory factors from hUCB-MSCs are related to hair growth. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased in co-culture medium. Finally, we found that IGFBP-1, through the co-localization of an IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, had positive effects on cell viability; VEGF secretion; expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CD133, and ${\beta}-catenin$; and formation of hDPCs 3D spheroids. Taken together, these data suggest that hUCB-MSCs promote hair growth via a paracrine mechanism.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.722-728
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• 2008

목 적 : 건강한 만삭아의 제대혈에서 아디포넥틴, 렙틴, 인슐린, IGF-I, IGFBP-3를 측정하여 출생체중, 신장, 지방량과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 적정 체중아 그룹에서 이 호르몬들의 출생후 1개월 동안 변화에 대해서 살펴보기로 하였다. 방 법 : 임신과 관련된 합병증이 없었던 산모에서 태어난 200명의 건강한 만삭아(남아 109명, 여아 91명)를 대상으로 하여 제대혈을 채취하여 혈장과 혈청을 분리하였고 출생체중, 출생신장, 머리둘레, 가슴둘레, 피부두께를 측정하였으며 폰더랄지수를 계산하였다. 대상 신생아들을 출생체중에 따라 AGA (n=132), SGA (n=29), LGA (n=39)의 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 적정체중아 중 15명에서 생후 3일, 7일, 30일에 신생아의 혈액을 채취하여 제대혈과 같은 방법으로 분리하였고 체중과 신장을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 아디포넥틴과 인슐린, IGF-I은 AGA, LGA군보다 SGA군에서 더 낮았다. 렙틴은 AGA, SGA군보다 LGA군에서 더 높았다. 아디포넥틴과 렙틴, 인슐린, IGF-I, IGFBP-3는 출생체중과 피부두께의 합과 양의 상관관계에 있었다. 출생 시 신장과 양의 상관관계를 보인 호르몬은 아디포넥틴, 렙틴, IGF-I이었다. 아디포넥틴은 렙틴과 양의 상관관계를 보였으나 인슐린, IGF-I, IGFBP-3와는 상관관계가 없었다. IGF-I은 남아보다 여아에서 더 높은 수치를 보였다. 출생 후 1개월 동안 렙틴은 생후 7일까지는 생리적 체중감소와 더불어 감소하다가 그 후 증가하였고 IGF-I 또한 생후 3일에 감소하다가 1개월 후 급격한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : 아디포넥틴과 렙틴, 인슐린, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 모두 태아의 성장에 중요한 역할을 하며, 아디포넥틴은 인슐린, IGF-I 축과는 다른 기전으로 태아의 성장을 조절한다고 생각할 수 있었다. IGF-I은 남아에서보다 여아에서 더 높은 수치를 보여서 IGF-I의 성별간의 차이가 자궁 내에서도 존재하였다. 생후 1개월 동안의 성장에 다른 호르몬보다 IGF-I 이 더 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

목 적 : 재태연령 34주 이상의 적정체중아(appropriate for gestational age, AGA)에서 제대혈의 ghrelin과 leptin의 농도를 측정하고 출생체중, 체질량지수(body mass index, BMI) 등의 신체계측치와의 연관성 및 IGF-I, IGFBP-3와 같은 성장과 관련된 호르몬과의 관계에 대해 알아보았다. 방 법 : 재태연령 34주에서 42주 미만의 신생아 중 재태기간과 비교해 적정체중을 가진 건강한 남아 31명과 여아 29명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 신생아의 출생체중, 체질량지수를 계측하고 제대정맥혈을 채취하여 ghrelin, leptin, IGF-I 및 IGFBP-3 농도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 신생아들의 제대혈에서 ghrelin 농도($528.3{\pm}307.3pg/mL$)는 신생아의 출생체중(r=-0.29, P<0.05)과 재태연령(r=-0.28, P<0.05)과 반비례하였다. 한편, 대상 신생아 제대혈의 leptin 농도($4.43{\pm}3.66ng/mL$)는 신생아의 출생체중(r=0.44, P<0.01), 재태연령(r=0.36, P<0.01), 체질량지수(r=0.28, P<0.05) 등과 비례하였다. 제대혈의 ghrelin 농도는 성별에 따른 차이가 없었으나 leptin 농도는 여아($5.45{\pm}4.32ng/mL$)에서가 남아($3.48{\pm}2.64ng/mL$)에서보다 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.05), 특히 재태연령 37주 이상인 군에서 성별에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 제대혈의 ghrelin과 leptin 농도 사이에서는 의미있는 상관관계가 없었으며, ghrelin 농도와 제대혈의 IGF-I 및 IGFBP-3 사이에서도 역시 의미있는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 적정체중을 가진 신생아의 제대혈 ghrelin 농도는 출생체중 및 재태연령에 반비례하였다. 제대혈의 leptin 농도는 신생아의 출생체중, 재태연령 및 체질량지수 등의 신체계측치에 비례하였으며 여아에서 남아에서보다 더 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 제대혈의 ghrelin과 leptin 농도 사이에는 특별한 상관관계가 없었다. 앞으로 이들 물질이 태아 성장에 생리적, 병리적으로 상호 어떤 역할을 하는지 규명하기 위해 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2003

There is evidence to suggest that cranberry juice supplements improve the health of the urinary tract by inhibiting the binding of fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli to the bladder mucosa. In patients with neurogenic bladders, urinary tract infections (UTI) are particularly common and often poorly managed by antibiotic treatment. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken on 29 geriatric and spinal cord injured patients with dysfunctional bladders. They received three times daily at mealtimes a 4 oz bottle of cranberry juice (Ocean Spray Cranberries, USA) or a specially prepared synthetic placebo drink. Two episodes of UTI arose in week one of cranberry intake and none thereafter, compared to four episodes of UTI in 4 placebo patients in weeks four, six and 10. Mean bacterial adhesion counts on bladder cells of the patients rose during the first month of treatment in 71 % of the placebo patients compared to only 31 % of cranberry patients (p < 0.001). The difference persisted to some extent for the second and third months. Bacterial adhesion levels correlated with culture findings (higher adhesion and higher viable counts in urine) (p < 0.001), positive leukocyte nitrite tests (136$\pm$131 bacteria per cell versus 52$\pm$86 in negative tests) (p < 0.001), and higher white blood cell counts (> 10) per high power field (126$\pm$125 versus 48$\pm$85 bacteria per cell) (p<0.001). E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism (40% samples) followed by K. pneumoniae (17%) and a number of other uropathogens. Group B Streptococci, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus were recovered from urine in 4 samples but were not associated with any red blood cell presence. The daily intake of cranberry juice, in amounts which are not detrimental to long term compliance, appeared to have a role in reducing the risk of bladder colonization and infection in a highly susceptible patient population.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2013

Those records indicate that Jik-geum Hyoong-bae fabric was imported from China and its period was during the fourteen and fifteen century. Gold threads used in three Jik-geum Hyoong-bae artifacts were all wrapped gold thread and gold thread of Danryeong from Young-dukdong, Yong-in, did not have a base, but instead the gold foil itself was attached to the silk cord. Such form of artifact had never been discovered before in Korea. Wrapped gold thread of Seoknamdong's basis was presumably bamboo paper. Three Jik-geum Hyoong-bae have the same weave structure. The ground is woven in a warp-faced 5-end satin weave. The pattern is brocaded with supplementary gold wefts. Supplementary gold wefts are composed of 1/4 twill binding by the odd number pairs of warps within every group of 10 pairs of warps. All of the Jik-geum Hyoong-bae textile were designed and weaved according to the overlapped collared costume's structure. This is also known as 'Jik-seong-pil-ryo'. One symmetric collared jacket excavated in Seok-namdong, Incheon, only has the right half of Hyoong-bae in the front. This is because symmetric collared jacket was made from overlapped collared costume. Tiger and peacock are the main patterns of Jik-geum Hyoong-bae which have realistic and free screen composition and this shows a huge difference to the later generation's standardized Hyoong-bae pattern.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2016

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is expressed in most microvasculature endothelial cells and forms water channels that play major roles in a variety of physiologic processes. This study aimed to delineate the transcriptional regulation of AQP1 by Mef2c in endothelial cells. Mef2c cooperated with Sp1 to activate human AQP1 transcription by binding to its proximal promoter in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Over-expression of Mef2c, Sp1, or Mef2c/Sp1 increased HUVEC migration and tube-forming ability, which can be abolished AQP1 knockdown. These data indicate that AQP1 is a direct target of Mef2c in regulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis of endothelial cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1999

In the present study we have analyzed the characteristics and distribution of the mu-opioid receptor(MOR) by raising anti-peptide antisera to the C-terminal peptide of MOR. The antisera against MOR was produced in New Zealand White rabbit against 15 residue corresponding to amino acids, 384-398 of the cloned rat MOR. The antigenic peptide was synthesized using an Applied Biosystems 432 solid-phase peptide synthesizer. The specificity and identification of the antisera were tested by analysis of transfected cells, epitope mapping and immunohistochemical method. COS-7 cells electroporated with MOR cDNA were used to evaluate the characteristics and subcellular distribution of MOR. MOR immunoreactivity was prodominent in the plasmalemma and subcellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and vesicle like structure. Furthermore, both tissue sections and transfected cell lines could be immunostained with these antisera and the immunoreactivity was abolished when anti-MOR sera were preincubated with the peptide against which they were raised. Based on epitope mapping analysis, all antisera appeared to have a similar epitope, which was determined to be within the last amino acid, 391-398. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that MOR immunoreactivity was observed in many brain areas including cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. These stained spinal cord and brain areas showed the mirrored pattern observed in auto radiographic studies of mu-opioid binding as well as a pattern similar to that seen by is situ hybridization for MOR. Thus, several lines of evidence support the conclusion that the antisera produced in the present study most likely recognize mu-opioid receptor. These results suggest that MOR antisera may be utilized as useful tool to analyze the physiological and pharmacological studies for mu-opioid receptor in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2001

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) production has been described as a double-edged sword eliciting both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in different immune reactions. This work was undertaken to investigate the immunoregulatory role of NO in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental allergic uveitis (EAU). Method: We examined whether molsidomine (MSDM), a NO donor, administration to the myelin basic protein (MBP)- or interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP)-immunized rats could suppress EAE development by shifting toward the Th2 cytokine response. In the EAE experiments, the rats were treated orally with MSDM (10 mg/kg/day) at the early stage (-1~4 days) or throughout the experimental period (-1~15 days). Results: This resulted in significant amelioration of the disease and mild clinical symptoms, while MBP-immunization without MSDM administration showed severe EAE development. A marked reduction in inflammation was also observed in the spinal cord, indicating the crucial role of NO in the pathogenesis of EAE in in vivo. In the EAU experiments, a 24 h pre-treatment with MSDM prior to IRBP immunization resulted in significant inhibition of the disease. Furthermore, MSDM administration for 2 1 days completely reduced the incidence and severity of EAU. To investigate whether MSDM could modulate cytokine switching from Th 1 to Th2, culture supernatants of MBP- or IRBP-stimulated inguinal lymphocytes were analyzed. MSDM treatment enhanced IL-10 secretion but decreased IFN-${\gamma}$. IL-4 was undetectable in all groups. In contrast, the MBP-or IRBP-immunized rats without MSDM secreted high concentrations of IFN-${\gamma}$, but low concentrations of IL-10. Conclusion: In conclusion, NO administation suppresses EAE and EAU by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance during inflammatory immune responses. This work further suggests that NO may be useful in the therapeutic control of autoimmune disease.