• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2005

We investigated the effects of prolonged exposure in hot environmental condition and ingestion of fluid on various physiological variables including plasma glucose, lactate, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate as well as golf putting performance. Six male professional golfers were voluntarily participated in three different putting trials which were separated by seven days of time interval period. Three different putting trials were conducted at either 20℃ or 32℃, or 32℃ + Fluid ingestion. Performing 32℃ + Fluid ingestion trial, all subject ingested sport drink as much as their body mass was decreased. For each experiment, all subjects were undertaken total 48 putting, which separated by four x 12 putting in four different time points (i.e., Rest, 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr). Plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased with hot ambient condition but it was almost fully recovered by fluid ingestion. Plasma lactate concentration was significantly higher when subjects were exposed in hot environmental condition, and it did not change with fluid ingestion. There was a no different in putting performance and psychological fatigue level (performed by GRID test) at any environmental conditions. The RPE, commonly used for evaluating of physical fatigue level, was significantly dropped by fluid ingestion which indicates lower physical fatigue level. In addition to this, heart rate (HR) was also significantly decreased after fluid ingestion. Based on these results, it was concluded that the ingestion of fluid during prolonged exposure in hot ambient condition decrease the degree of physical fatigue levels and heart rate, which will possibly improve the golf performance when exposed in extreme weather condition in summer. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 117～124, 2005)

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.33
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data describing the effect of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) on nasal airway resistance (NAR). RPE is an orthopedic procedure which is commonly used to widen the maxilla in skeletal Class III patients. 18 subjects (9 males and 9 females, mean age: 10 years 7 months) were selected from the Orthodontics in Yongdong Severance Hospital. Recordings of NAR were taken by active anterior method prior to expansion, immediately after desired maximum expansion, and after approximately 3 months and 6 months, and 1 year. All data was recorded and statistically processed with the SPSS program of IBM PC system. The results are as followings . 1. The average initial NAR of the subjects was 3.84 cm $H_2O/LPS\;(SD{\pm}1.34)$. It was greater than the average NAR of the normal subjects. 2. Among 18 subjects, 9 subjects showed reduction of NAR and 9 subjects showed no specific change of NAR after expansion. 3 An average reduction in NAR after immediately expansion was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. 4. The reduction appeared stable throughout the post treatment observation period of 1 year after expansion. From these results, it was suggested that RPE is a useful method to reduce NAR.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.7
• /
• pp.632-644
• /
• 2020

The molecular mechanism underlying autophagy impairment in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is not yet clear. Based on the causative role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in RPE necrosis, this study examined whether PARP1 is involved in the autophagy impairment observed during dry AMD pathogenesis. We found that autophagy was downregulated following H₂O₂-induced PARP1 activation in ARPE-19 cells and olaparib, PARP1 inhibitor, preserved the autophagy process upon H₂O₂ exposure in ARPE-19 cells. These findings imply that PARP1 participates in the autophagy impairment upon oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, PARP1 inhibited autolysosome formation but did not affect autophagosome formation in H₂O₂-exposed ARPE-19 cells, demonstrating that PARP1 is responsible for impairment of late-stage autophagy in particular. Because PARP1 consumes NAD⁺ while exerting its catalytic activity, we investigated whether PARP1 impedes autophagy mediated by sirtuin1 (SIRT1), which uses NAD⁺ as its cofactor. A NAD⁺ precursor restored autophagy and protected mitochondria in ARPE-19 cells by preserving SIRT1 activity upon H₂O₂. Moreover, olaparib failed to restore autophagy in SIRT1-depleted ARPE-19 cells, indicating that PARP1 inhibits autophagy through SIRT1 inhibition. Next, we further examined whether PARP1-induced autophagy impairment occurs in the retinas of dry AMD model mice. Histological analyses revealed that olaparib treatment protected mouse retinas against sodium iodate (SI) insult, but not in retinas cotreated with SI and wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PARP1-dependent inhibition of SIRT1 activity impedes autophagic survival of RPE cells, leading to retinal degeneration during dry AMD pathogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.699-710
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise on lung function, blood vitamin D, calcium and bone metabolism hormones in elderly women who are over 65 years by dividing them into a combined exercise group(n=13), control group(n=17). The combined exercise program included 60-minutes sessions 3times each week. Aerobic exercise intensity was 40-50%HRR(RPE 12-13) for 1-4 week, 50-60%HRR(RPE 13-14) for 5-8 week, and 60-70%HRR(RPE 14-15) for 9-12 week and resistance exercise intensity was set at OMNI-RES 3-4 for 1-4 week, OMNI-RES 5-6 for 5-8 week, OMNI-RES 7-8 for 9-12 week. As a result, lung function indicated that FEV₁ showed an interaction effect between group and time and FVC/FEV₁ levels significantly increased in combined exercise group. Blood vitamin D showed an interaction effect between group and time, also, significantly increased in combined exercise group and control group. Calcium showed an interaction effect between group and time, and significantly decreased in control group. Bone metabolism hormones indicated that both calcitonin and osteocalcin showed an interaction effect between group and time, osteocalcin significantly decreased in control group. For the following this conclusion, elderly women can be improved their lung function through 12 weeks combined exercise and also mitigate the blood vitamin D but there was no meaningful results of calcium and bone metabolism hormones.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Recent studies have indicated that applying different inclination angles and suspension devices could be a useful way of performing exercises that include the co-activation of the trunk muscles. Present study was to examine the influences of changes in the inclination angle during trunk muscle activity while engaging in a bridge exercise with a suspension device. Methods: 18 healthy, physically active male volunteers completed three trunk inclination angles (15°, 30°, and 45°) for bridge exercise variations. The surface electromyography responses of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and rectus femoris (RF), as well as the subjective difficulty (Borg RPE score), were investigated during these bridge exercises. Results: The bridge with a 45° inclination angle suspension significantly increased the muscular activities of the RA and RF and increased the Borg RPE scores (p<0.05). The bridge with a 15° suspension significantly elevated the ES activities when compared to the other conditions. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that a higher inclination angle could not activate the overall trunk muscles during the bridge exercise. The RA and RF produced greater activation during the bridge exercise with the higher inclination angle. On the other hand, the activities of the erector spine were greater during the bridge exercise with the lower inclination angle. The present study suggests that applying a low trunk inclination angle for the supine bridge exercise is suitable for activating the erector spine muscles.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences of 45minutes up-hill walking depending on hiking poles and steady walking time. Seven healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each of them performed up-hill walking with hiking poles and without hiking poles at speed of 3.5km/h during 45minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set 25% up-hill inclination. The lower extremity 4 muscles activity including rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris was recorded and assessed by using EMG. And Heart rate(HR) and Rating of perceived exertion(RPE) were recorded and analyzed by 15minutes interval. The statistical analysis was two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to compare effects of hiking poles and steady walking time. The level of statistical significance for all tests was P<.05. The results of this study were following : Integrated EMG about four individual muscles doesn't have statistical significancy. However, the sum of IEMG of the four muscles was decreased some with poles than without poles(p<.0l) and IEMG about four muscles was rut different on steady walking time. Second, HR was increased significantly as time up(P<.01). RPE was decreased some with poles than without poles(P<.05) and RPE was increased significantly as time up(P<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.456-467
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on dementia, depression, and cognitive function in elderly women. This study subject were 28 elderly female volunteers, aged 76-83 years and they divided into the exercise group(n=14) and control group(n=14). The combined exercise included the elastic band exercise and aquarobics performed 3 times per week for 90 minutes during 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was set at RPE 10-11 for 1 week to 4 weeks, RPE 11-14 for 5 weeks to 16 weeks, respectively. The test data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The alpha level of .05 was set for all tests of significance. The findings of this study were as follows; ${\beta}-amyloid$ and depression were significantly decreased and DHEAs and cognitive function were significantly increased than control group. In conclusion, regular and continuous combined exercise was effective for improving dementia and had a positive effect on depression and cognitive function in elderly women.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.11.1-11.5
• /
• 2015

Rapid palatal expansion(RPE) with the tooth-born appliance is not sufficient to apply to the patients with periodontal problem or insufficient tooth anchorage, and it leads to tipping of the anchorage teeth and increasing teeth mobility and root resorption. To avoid these disadvantages, we present the case using palatal screws and custommade palatal expander. A 23-year-old patient underwent surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion with the Hyrax expansion using 4 tent screws. The study models were used to measure the pre-/-post surgical width of the anterior and posterior dental arches with a digital sliding caliper. In the result, the custom-made palatal expander with 4 tent screws is suitable for delivering a force to the mid-palatal suture expansion. And it is low cost, small sized and simply applied. The results indicated that maxillary expansion with the custom-made palatal anchorage device is predictable and stable technique without significant complications in patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of active movement with skin mobilization on range of motion, pain, and rating of perceived exertion in patients diagnosed with axillary web syndrome after axillary lymph node dissection. Design: A Case report Methods: It was performed on 7 patients diagnosed with axillary web syndrome after lymph node dissection. The subjects experienced a decrease in the range of joint motion and pain in movement when raising their arms in their daily lives, and complained of discomfort. The active range of motion, numeric rating scale, and modified Borg scale of shoulder joint flexion were measured, and the differences after active movement with skin mobilization were compared. Results: All subjects increased by 24.9 degree on average in active range of motion after active movement with skin mobilization intervention. There was no pain in the maximum range of joint motion measured before intervention, and rating of perceived exertion was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Active movement with skin mobilization can be a very useful way to help improve and treat axillary web syndrome, and it is recommended for improving the function and quality of life of axillary web syndrome patients. and It is also believed that it can be used steadily at home through the education of patients and families.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was (a)to compare electromyographic (EMG) activities and physiological variables on the development of fatigue induced by ergometer test, (b)to determine investigate the differences in the stage of fatigue between the electromyographic characteristics and physiological variables. Nine male university students who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subjects. The electromyographic characteristics(peak IEMG, average IEMG, median frequency, mean edge frequency) and physiological variables(HR, RPE, blood lactate) were determined for each stage(15, 30, 45, 60 minutes, all out). For each dependent variable, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures and correlation analysis were performed to test if significant difference existed(p<.05). The results showed that peak IEMG, average IEMG from low extremity and physiological variables were significantly increased during the all-out stage. EMG parameters in VL, VM show significantly correlation with physiological variables during whole stages. This indicated that IEMG values may be proper parameters to determine muscle fatigue rather than physiological variables.