• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2003

The surface morphology, the glossiness and the hardness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-X(X:Co, Mn) alloy electrodeposits were investigated by using chloride bath with EDTA additive and flow cell system. The surface morphology of Zn-Cr alloy and Zn-Cr-Mn alloy changed from fine needle shape crystalline structure to colony structure of fine granular crystallites with increasing current density in the range of 20-100 $A/dm^2$. The surface morphology of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from low Co concentration bath(2.5-10 g/$\ell$) was similar to that of Zn-Cr alloy, while that of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from high cobalt concentration bath was fine granular crystalline structure in the same range of current density. The glossiness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-Mn alloy increased noticeably with increasing current density, while that of Zn-Cr-Mn alloy decreased with increasing Mn concentration of bath in high current density region. The glossiness of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from low Co concentration bath increased with current density while that of the alloy from high Co concentration bath decreased with increasing current density. The hardness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-X alloy increased noticeably with current density.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2003

The current efficiency and the composition of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-X (X : Co, Mn) alloy electrodeposits were investigated by using chloride bath with EDTA auditive and flow cell plating system. The current efficiency of Zn-Cr alloy decreased with increasing current density, while it increased with the content of Co and Mn of the Zn-Cr-X alloy bath in high current density region. The Cr content in Zn-Cr alloy increased from 1.4-2.7 to $28wt\%$ with increasing current density and the phase structure of the alloys changed from $\eta-Zn$ through $\eta-Zn+\gamma'-ZnCr\;to\;\gamma'-ZnCr$ with Increasing Cr content of the alloys. The Co content in Zn-Cr-Co alloys increased with Co content of the bath, while Cr content of the alloy increased or decreased in low current density region $(10-75A/dm^2)$ or high current density region $(75-100A/dm^2)$, respectively. $\gamma-ZnCo$ phase was formed in the Zn-Cr-Co alloy with above $9.0wt\%$ Co. The content of Mn and Cr in Zn-Cr-Mn alloys increased or decreased with the increase of current density in high current density region, respectively while Cr content of the alloy decreased noticeably with the increase of Mn content in the bath. Two phases of $\delta_1-ZnMn$ and $\gamma'-ZnCr$ were formed in the Zn-Cr-Mn alloy with above $8.6wt\%$ Mn.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.423-429
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• 2003

It has been investigated corrosion resistance and crystal structure of Zn-Cr coatings fabricated by electroplating method and electron-beam physical vapor deposition method(EB-P VD). The electroplated Zn-Cr alloy consists mainly of η'-Zn phase for the lower Cr content than 7.9 wt% Cr and ${\gamma}$'-ZnCr phase for the higher Cr content. In the Zn-Cr alloy fabricated by EB-PVD the ${\gamma}$'-ZnCr phase appeared clearly at 3 wt% Cr and it became the sole phase at 50 wt%Cr. The amount of η'-Zn phase decreased obviously with increasing Cr content when it exceeded 15 wt% Cr. The electrochemical measurement of the electroplated Zn-Cr film has shown corrosion potential of about -1000 mV. The current density of active region and the amount of dissolved Zn and Cr decreased significantly with increasing Cr content. The electrochemical characteristics of Zn-Cr alloy fabricated by EB-PVD have shown that the alloy of 50 wt% Cr had the highest corrosion potential(-500 mV) and the lowest critical passive current density than that of the electroplated.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2002

The composition and the microstructure of the Zn-Cr alloys electroplated in chloride bath with EDTA were studied according to electrolysis conditions. The cathode current efficiency decreased with increasing both Cr/(Cr+Zn) ratio and current density. The Cr content of the alloy deposits increased with Cr/(Cr+Zn) ratio and current density The phase structure of Zn-Cr alloy deposits changed from η-Zn through η-Zn+${\gamma}$'-ZnCr to ${\gamma}$'-ZnCr with increasing Cr content of alloys. The surface morphology of Zn-Cr alloy deposits changed from fine needle shaped crystallites through the mixed structure of needle-shaped and granular one to the colony structure with fine granular crystallites according to the change of phase structure

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1998

We have investigated about interface characteristics between ZnO thin films and metal electrodes when ZnO and metal electrodes were fabricated as piezoelectric vibrators. At this, ZnO thin films were deposited by rf reactive magnetron sputtering method. After fabricating piezoelectric vibrator of Cr/ZnO/Cr structure with optimum condition, we analyse interface characteristics between ZnO thin films and metal electrodes by I-V measurement. AES depth profile, SEM and C-V measurement. From these measurements we found that ZnO piezoelectric vibrators showed good property when they fabricated as Cr/$SiO_2$/ZnO/Cr structure. And we could confirm these things by driving, and measuring vibration displacement of piezoelectric vibrator with $SiO_2$diffusion barrier.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1850118.1-1850118.17
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• 2018

Nanoparticles of the semiconductor catalyst $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S$ were embedded into the metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr) to obtain $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites. These materials not only possess high surface areas and mesopores but also show good utilization of light energy. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance patterns of $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites showed that $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) possessed good visible light response ability among the synthesized nanocomposites. The photocatalytic performance of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites were tested via degradation and mineralization of methylene blue in neutral water solution under light irradiation using a 300W xenon lamp. As a result, using $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) as a catalyst, 99.2% of methylene blue was mineralized within 30 min. Due to the synergistic effect of adsorption by the MIL-101(Cr) component and photocatalytic degradation provided by the $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S$ component, the $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) catalyst displayed superior photocatalytic performance relative to $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S$ and MIL-101(Cr). Furthermore, $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) possessed excellent stability during photodegradation and exhibited good reusability. The remarkable photocatalytic performance of $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) is likely due to the effective transfer of electrons and holes at the heterojunction interfaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.247.1-247.1
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• 2016

Low-cost, high efficiency solar cells are tremendous interests for the realization of a renewable and clean energy source. ZnTe based solar cells have a possibility of high efficiency with formation of an intermediated energy band structure by impurity doping. In this work, ZnO/ZnTe:Cr and ZnO/i-ZnTe structures were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. A pulsed (10 Hz) Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 266 nm was used to produce a plasma plume from an ablated a ZnTe target, whose density of laser energy was 10 J/cm2. The base pressure of the chamber was kept at approximately $4{\times}10-7Torr$. ZnTe:Cr and i-ZnTe thin films with thickness of 210 nm were grown on p-Si substrate, respectively, and then ZnO thin films with thickness of 150 nm were grown on ZnTe:Cr layer under oxygen partial pressure of 3 mTorr. Growth temperature of all the films was set to $250^{\circ}C$. For fabricating ZnO/i-ZnTe and ZnO/ZnTe:Cr solar cells, indium metal and Ti/Au grid patterns were deposited on back and front side of the solar cells by using thermal evaporator, respectively. From the fabricated ZnO/ZnTe:Cr and ZnO/i-ZnTe solar cell, dark currents were measured by using Keithley 2600. Solar cell parameters were obtained under Air Mass 1.5 Global solar simulator with an irradiation intensity of 100 mW/cm2, and then the photoelectric conversion efficiency values of ZnO/ZnTe:Cr and ZnO/i-ZnTe solar cells were measured at 1.5 % and 0.3 %, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.282.2-282.2
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• 2014

Cr의 함량과 주입 가스의 유량 비율을 변화하여 ZnCrO 박막의 구조적 특성에 미치는 영향과 그것이 자기적 특성에 관여하는 상관관계 등에 관하여 조사하였다. ZnCrO 박막을 Pt/Ti/Al2O3 기판 위에 Sputter법으로 증착하였으며, 이 때 양질의 ZnCrO 박막을 제작하기 위하여 산소 분압 변화에 따른 박막의 표면 및 구조적 특성을 관찰하였다. 아르곤과 산소 분압이 1 : 1 (Ar : O2=15 sccm : 15 sccm) 이었을 경우, 가장 매끄러운 표면을 갖고 또한 구조적으로도 안정된 ZnCrO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 동일한 조건에서 Cr 함량을 변화시켜 본 결과, Cr 함량이 작아질수록 자기적 특성이 향상되는 것이 관측되었다. 즉, Cr의 함량이 감소할수록 Cr 입자 1개 당 유효 자화도가 증가하는 것이 관측되었는데, 이러한 결과는 Cr 함량 변화에 따는 ZnCrO 박막의 결정 자기이방성 변화에 따른 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.875-879
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• 2010

In this study, we have characterized the roles of $Cr_2O_3$ on the sintering and electrical properties of ZnO. The densification and grain growth of Cr-doped ZnO (ZCr) system was mainly influenced by Cr contents. In the beginning of sintering, the densification of ZnO was retarded as reducing the Zni concentration in ZnO lattice with Cr doping. And the densification and grain growth of ZnO was more retarded due to a formation of spinel phase with increasing the Cr contents. ZCr system revealed varistor behavior with nonlinear coefficient $\alpha$ of 3~23 depending on the sintering temperature, implying double Schottky barrier formation on the grain boundary of ZnO. Especially the best varistor characteristics should be developed with 0.1~0.5 at% Cr contents and under $1100^{\circ}C$ in ZCr systems.