• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 광주지역 하상퇴적물에 대한 지질집단별 지구화학적 특성에 대해 규명 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 물이 흐르고 있는 1차 수계를 대상으로 하상퇴적물시료 104개를 채취하였고, 실험실에서 자연건조 시켰다. 화학분석을 위한 시료는 알루미나 몰타르를 이용하여 200메쉬 이하로 분쇄하였고, XRF ICP-AES, NAA분석을 실시하였다. 연구지역 하상퇴적물에 대해, 지질집단별 지구화학적 특성 비교와 기존 암석에 대한 연구에서 얻어진 암석화학적인 특성과의 비교를 위해, 선캠브리아기 화강편마암 지역, 쥬라기 화강암 지역, 백악기 화순안산암 지역으로 분리하였다 광주지역 하상퇴적물의 주성분원소 함량은 $SiO_2\;51.89\~70.63\;wt.\%,\;Al_2O-3\;12.91\~21.95\;wt.\%,\;Fe_2O_3\;3.22\~9.89\;wt.\%,\;K_2O\;1.85\~4.49\;wt.\%,\;MgO\;0.68\~2.90\;wt.\%,\;Na_2O\;0.48\~2.34\;wt.\%,\;CaO\;0.42\~6.72\;wt.\%,\;TiO_2\;0.53\~l.32\;wt.\%,\;P_2O_5\;0.06~0.51\;wt.\%\;and\;MnO\;0.05\~0.69\;wt.\%.$이다. 하상퇴적물과 암석에 대한 AMF 삼각도에서, 암석은 칼크-알칼리계열에 도시되는데 비하여, 하상퇴적물은 솔레아이트 계열과 칼크-알칼리계열의 경계부위에 도시된다. 이는 $Fe_2O_3$ 함량이 암석에서보다 하상퇴적물에 더 많이 함유되어 있는 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. $SiO_2$에 대한 $K_2O+Na_2O$의 비교그림에서, 하상퇴적물은 암석에서와 같이 subalkaline 계열에 점시된다. 하상퇴적물의 미량성분원소 및 희토류 원소 함량은 $Ba 590\~2170ppm$, Be$1\~2.4$ppm, Cu $13\~179ppm$, Nb $20\~34ppm$, Ni$10\~50ppm$, Pb $17\~30$ppm, Sr $70\~1025$ ppm, V$42\~135$ ppm, Zr$45\~171$ ppm, Li$19\~77$ppm, Co$4.3\~19.3$ppm, Cr$28\~131$ppm, Cs$3.1\~17.6$ ppm, Hf $5\~27.6$ ppm, Rb $388\~202$ ppm, Sb$0.2\~l.2$ ppm, Sc$6.4\~17$ ppm, Zn $47\~389$ ppm, Pa $8.8\~68.8$ ppm, Ce$62\~272$ppm, Eu$1\~2.7$ppm and Yb$0.9\~6$ppm의 범위를 보인다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 1999

The protonation constants of the macrocyclic ligands, 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-tetraaza-cyclooctadecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetra(acetic acid) [N-ac4[18]aneN402] and 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-tetraazacyclooctadecane-1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-N,N',N",N"'-tetra(methylacetic acid) [N-meac4[18]aneN4O2] have been determined by using potentiometric method. The protonation constants of the N-ac4[18]aneN4O2 were 9.31 for logK1H, 8.94 for logK2H, 7.82 for logK3H, 4.48 for logK4H and 2.94 for logK5H. And the protonation constants of the N-meac4[18]aneN4O2 were 9.34 for logK1H, 9.13 for logK2H, 8.05 for logK3H, 5.86 for logK4H, and 3.55 for logK5H. The stability constants of complexes on the divalent transition ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and tiivalent metal ions (Ce3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) with ligands N-ac4[18]-aneN4O2 and N-meac4[18]aneN4O2 have been obtained from the potentiometric data with the aid of the BEST program. The three higher values of the protonation constants for synthesized macrocyclic ligands correspond to the protonation of nitrogen atoms, and the fourth and fifth values correspond to the protonation of the carboxylate groups for the N-ac4[18]aneN4O2 and N-meac4[18]aneN4O2. The meatal ion affinities of the two tetra-azamacrocyclic ligands with four pendant acetate donor groups or methylacetate donor groups are compared. The effects of the metal ions on the stabilities are discussed, and the trends in stability constants resulting from changing the macrocyclic ring with pendant donor groups and acidity of the metal ions.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1992

Several pyrophyllite deposits occur around the Milyang area where Cretaceous andesitic rocks and spatially related granitic rocks are widely distributed. Pyrophyllite ores consist mainly of pyrophyllite, and quartz with small amount of sericite, pyrite, dumortierite, and diaspore. The andesitic rocks and spatially related granitic rocks in this area suggest that they could be formed from the same series of a calc-alkaline magma series. The contents of $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, LOI(loss on ignition) are enriched, and $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Fe_2O_3$ are depleted in altered andesitic rocks and ores. Enrichment of As, Cr, Sr, V, Sb and depletion of Ba, Cs, Ni, Rb, U, Y, Co, Sc, Zn are characteristic during mineralization. The pyrophyllite ores can be discriminated from the altered-and unaltered wall-rocks by an increasing of $(La/Lu)_{cn}$ from 4.18~22.13 to 8.98~55.05. In R-mode cluster analysis, Yb-Lu-Y, La-Ce-Hf-Th-U-Zr, $TiO_2-V-Al_2O_3$, Sm-Eu, $CaO-Na_2O-MnO$, Cu-Zn-Ag, $K_2O-Rb$ are closely correlated. In the discriminant analysis of multi-element data, $P_2O_5$, As, Cr and $Fe_2O_3$, Sr are helpful to identify the ores from the unaltered-and altered wall-rocks. In the factor analysis, the factors of alteration of andesitic rocks and ore mineralization were extracted. In the change of ions per unit volume, $SiO_2$, $Al^{3+}$ and LOI are enriched and $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ are depleted during the alteration processes. The Milyang and the Sungjin pyrophyllite deposits could be mineralized by hydrothermal alteration in a geochemical condition of low activity ratio of alkaline ions to hydrogen ion with reference to spatially related granitic rocks.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 청풍지역 하상퇴적물에 대한 지구화학적 특성 규명을 통해, 주성분원소 및 미량원소에 대한 청풍지역의 자연배경치를 제시하고, 지구화학적 재해에 대해 예견하고자 한다. 이를 위해 물이 흐르고 있는 1차 수계를 대상으로 하상퇴적물시료를 채취하였고, 실험실에서 자연건조 시켰으며, 화학적 분석을 위해 알루미나 몰타르를 이용하여 200메쉬 이하로 분쇄하였다. 주성분원소 및 미량성분원소는 XRD, XRF, ICP-AES, NAA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 청풍지역 하상퇴적물의 기반암에 따른 지질집단별 지구화학적 특성 비교를 위해, 화강암질편마암지역, 메타텍틱편마암지역, 다도응회암지역, 유치역암 지역, 능주용암지역으로 분류하였다. 청풍지역 하상퇴적물 전체에 대한 주성분원소 함량은 $SiO_2\;47.31{\sim}72.81\;wt.%,\;Al_2O_3 \;11.26{\sim}21.88\;wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;2.83{\sim}8.39\;wt.%,\;CaO\;0.34{\sim}7.54\;wt.%,\;MgO\; 0.55{\sim}3.59\;wt.%,\;K_2O\;1.71{\sim}4.31\;wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.56{\sim}2.28\;wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.46{\sim}1.24\;wt.%,\;MnO\;0.04{\sim}0.27\;wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.02{\sim}0.45\;wt.%$이다. 청풍지역 하상퇴적물 전체에 대한 미량성분원소 및 희토류원소 함량은 $Ba\;700ppm{\sim}8990ppm,\;Be\;1.0{\sim}3.50ppm,\;Cu\;6.20{\sim}60ppm,\;Nb\;12{\sim}28ppm,\;Ni\;4.4{\sim}61ppm,\;Pb\;13{\sim}34ppm,\;Sr\;65{\sim}787ppm,\;V\;4{\sim}98ppm,\;Zr\;32{\sim}164ppm,\;Li\;21{\sim}827ppm,\;Co\;3.68{\sim}65ppm,\;Cr\;16.7{\sim}409ppm,\;Cs\;72{\sim}37.1ppm,\;Hf\;4.99{\sim}49.2ppm,\;Rb\;71.9{\sim}649ppm,\;Sb\;0.16{\sim}5.03ppm,\;Sc\;4.97{\sim}5ppm,\;Zn\;26.3{\sim}375ppm,\;Ce\;60.6{\sim}373ppm,\;Eu\;0.82{\sim}6ppm,\;Yb\;0.71{\sim}10ppm$의 범위를 보였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2023

This work presents the synthesis and preparation of a new glass system described by the equation of (70-x) B₂O₃-5TeO₂ -20SrCO₃-5ZnO -xBi₂O₃, x = 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mol. %, using the melt quenching technique at a melting temperature of 1100 ℃. The photon-shielding characteristics mainly the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the prepared glass samples were evaluated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation N-particle transport code (MCNP-5) at gamma-ray energy extended from 59 keV to 1408 keV emitted by the radioisotopes Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60, Na-22, and Eu-152. Furthermore, we observed that the Bi₂O₃ content of the glasses had a significantly stronger impact on the LAC at 59 and 356 keV. The study of the lead equivalent thickness shows that the performance of fabricated glass sample with 15 mol.% of Bi₂O₃ is four times less than the performance of pure lead at low gamma photon energy while it is enhanced and became two times lower the perforce of pure lead at high energy. Therefore, the fabricated glasses special sample with 15 mol.% of Bi₂O₃ has good shielding properties in low, intermediate, and high energy intervals.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 1997

전남지역 도요지에서 출토된 토기, 시유도편, 녹청자와 청자편의 제조기술과 산지추정은 X선회절분석, 유도결합 플라즈마 발광분석, 열기계적 분석을 통한 물리화학적 성질의 검토로 이루어졌다. 도편의 사용원료는 점토, 석영, 장석광물로 유사하지만 그 함량비는 출토지에 따라 약간의 차이가 있으며, 철분함량에서 토기, 흑갈유, 녹갈유 도편은 $4\~7\%$, 녹청자 및 청자편은 $2\~3\%$로 기종에 따라 두드러진 차이를 나타내고 있다 흑갈유, 녹청자의 구성광물은 $\alpha-Quartz$, mullite와 일부 tridymite, cristobalite로 이루어졌으며, 청자는 $\alpha-Quartz$, mullite만으로 구성되어 있다. 도편의 소성온도는 토기가 $1000\~1100^{\circ}C$, 흑갈유, 녹갈유, 녹청자 청자가 $l130\~1200^{\circ}C$ 정도로 추정되었다. 도편에 대한 출토지의 구분은 분석된 21개의 미량원소중 14개의 원소가 매우 근접되어 불가능하였으며, 도자기제조에 사용된 원료의 지질학적인 특성이 유사한 것으로 판단하였다. 이들 지역에서 출토된 도편의 특성원소는 Rb, Sr, V, Zr, Y, Nd, Sc, La, Ce, Nb, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb로 14개이다. 영암의 도편은 Zn과 Fe원소에 의해 다른 지역에서 출토된 도편들과 명확히 구분되었고, 출토지가 다른 녹청자, 청자편은 동일한 범위에 군집되는 특징을 나타내어 사용원료가 비슷한 것으로 추정된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2013

북한의 광물자원 부존량 및 생산 현황을 종합하면, 북한에서 부존규모가 큰 주요 광물종은 마그네사이트, 석회석, 석탄(무연탄), 인상흑연, 철, 금, 은, 연, 아연 등으로 판단된다. 기타 동, 몰리브덴, 중석, 인광석 등이 잠재성이 큰 광물자원으로 평가된다. 북한의 광물자원 수출 대상국은 중국으로서 주요 수출 광물로는 무연탄, 철광석이 75%로서 압도적으로 우세하다. 수출국은 중국 외 EU국가이나, 중국 수출이 70%에 달한다. 북한은 금 매장량 약 2,000톤과 연간 생산량은 약 2 톤(금속기준)이며, 대표적 광산은 수안, 홀동, 대유동광산이며, 6개 금 제련소가 운영 중이다. 철 매장량은 Fe 63.5% 기준으로 약 43억 톤, 연간 생산량은 약 5백만 톤, 주요 철광산은 무산, 리원, 북청, 은율, 신원, 재령광산이며, 7개 제철소 및 제강소가 운영 중이다. 연-아연 매장량은 금속 기준으로 연이 약 4.7백만 톤, 아연이 15백만 톤, 연간 생산량은 금속 기준 연이 약 26,000 톤, 아연이 금속 기준 50,000 톤이다. 주요 연-아연 광산은 검덕, 은파, 성천광산이며, 6개 제련소가 운영 중이다. 마그네사이트 매장량은 MgO 95% 기준으로 약 28억 톤, 최근 연간 생산량이 정광 기준 150,000 톤, 주요 광산은 룡양, 대흥, 쌍룡광산이며, 5개 마그네슘 내화물공장이 가행중이다. 인회석 매장량은 $P_2O_5$ 30% 기준으로 약 3.4억 톤, 최근 연간 생산량은 원광석 기준 약 300,000 톤, 주요 광산은 대대리, 동암, 풍년광산이다. 석탄은 북한에서 중요한 전략 연료광물자원으로 인식되고 있으며, 주 에너지원이다. 석탄 매장량은 186억 톤, 연간 생산량은 2천만 톤이다. 주요 석탄광산은 평남에 집중되고 있으며, 직동광산이 북한에서 가장 큰 석탄광산이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2017

Background: In 2006, the European Union (EU) has decided to forbid use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Although many researches had been conducted about fiber source as alternatives of antibiotics, there are still lack of reports in the literature about the optimum level of sugar beet pulp supplementation, affecting growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Therefore, different level of sugar beet pulp was added to diets to determine the effects of sugar beet pulp supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profile and incidence of diarrhea in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], averaging $9.01{\pm}1.389kg$ of initial body weight were, allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment was composed of 4 replicates with 10 pigs per pen. The treatments were control treatment: Corn-SBM basal diet + ZnO (phase 1: 0.05%; phase 2; 0.03%) and four different levels of sugar beet pulp were supplemented in Corn-SBM basal diet (3, 6, 9 or 12%). Two phase feeding programs (phase 1: 1-2 weeks; phase 2: 3-5 weeks) were used for 5 week of growth trial. Results: In feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance and incidence of diarrhea among treatments. The E.coli counts were not significantly different among dietary treatments but linear response was observed in Lactobacillus counts as sugar beet pulp supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In addition, IGF-1, IgA and IgG were not affected by dietary treatments. However, the BUN concentration was decreased when pigs were fed the treatments of diets with SBP compared to that of control treatment (P < 0.05). In nutrient digestibility, crude fiber and NDF digestibilities were improved as the sugar beet pulp increased (P < 0.05). However, digestibilities of crude ash, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary sugar beet pulp levels. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrated that sugar beet pulp can be supplemented in weaning pigs' diet instead of ZnO to prevent postweaning diarrhea without any detrimental effect on growth performance.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1992

The pluton rocks in Kwangyang-Seungju area consist of two mica granite, hornblende diorite, Rimunri quartz diorite, grnodiorite porphyry and granophyre. The analysis of the geochronological data by the methods of K-Ar for the hornblende from Rimunri quartz diorite and hornblende diorite show that the ages are found to be $86{\pm}3.3$ Ma and $108{\pm}4$ Ma, respectively, and K-Ar age for chlorite from the altered two mica granite which intruded by the hornblende diorite of the Bonjeong mine shows $108{\pm}4$ Ma; K-Ar age for sericite from the greisenized hornblende diorite, which is closely associated with the Bonjeong ore deposits, is dated as $94.2{\pm}2.4$ Ma. They correspond to the igneous activity of the Bulgugsa Disturbance periods in the area. In chemical feature for oxides versus silica and AFM triagular diagrams of the pluton rocks in the study area, there is a suggestion of the possibility that these rock facies area a Calc-alkali series of differentiated products by low-pressure crystal fractionation processes in $SiO_2$-undersaturated suites. Compared with hornblende diorite, andesite and granodiorite porphyry, two mica granite, Rimunri quartz diorite and granophyre exhibit a wider range of normalized REE abundance and negative Eu anomalies. Such anomalies imply more extensive feldspar fractionation during crystallization. The Rimunri quartz diorite and hornblende diorite occurring in the margin of four mines(Bonjeong, Okdong, Soungchei and Saungyeul) of this area have high contents of As, Sb, Cu and Zn which have been shown as the best indicators in hypogene gold deposits and low contents of Ba, Cr served as more sensitive indicators. And the granitoids are regarded as the rocks associated with gold and sulfide mineralization of the area.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

Fully sealed field emission display in size of 4.5 inch has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotubes-organic vehicle com-posite. The fabricated display were fully scalable at low temperature below 415$^{\circ}C$ and CNTs were vertically aligned using paste squeeze and surface rubbing techniques. The turn-on fields of 1V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and field emis-sion current of 1.5mA at 3V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (J=90${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$)were observed. Brightness of 1800cd/$m^2$ at 3.7V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was observed on the entire area of 4.5-inch panel from the green phosphor-ITO glass. The fluctuation of the current was found to be about 7% over a 4.5-inch cath-ode area. This reliable result enables us to produce large area full-color flat panel dis-play in the near future. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention because of their unique elec-trical properties and their potential applica-tions [1, 2]. Large aspect ratio of CNTs together with high chemical stability. ther-mal conductivity, and high mechanical strength are advantageous for applications to the field emitter [3]. Several results have been reported on the field emissions from multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) grown from arc discharge [4, 5]. De Heer et al. have reported the field emission from nan-otubes aligned by the suspension-filtering method. This approach is too difficult to be fully adopted in integration process. Recently, there have been efforts to make applications to field emission devices using nanotubes. Saito et al. demonstrated a car-bon nanotube-based lamp, which was oper-ated at high voltage (10KV) [8]. Aproto-type diode structure was tested by the size of 100mm $\times$ 10mm in vacuum chamber [9]. the difficulties arise from the arrangement of vertically aligned nanotubes after the growth. Recently vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been synthesized using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(CVD) [6, 7]. Yet, control of a large area synthesis is still not easily accessible with such approaches. Here we report integra-tion processes of fully sealed 4.5-inch CNT-field emission displays (FEDs). Low turn-on voltage with high brightness, and stabili-ty clearly demonstrate the potential applica-bility of carbon nanotubes to full color dis-plays in near future. For flat panel display in a large area, car-bon nanotubes-based field emitters were fabricated by using nanotubes-organic vehi-cles. The purified SWNTs, which were syn-thesized by dc arc discharge, were dispersed in iso propyl alcohol, and then mixed with on organic binder. The paste of well-dis-persed carbon nanotubes was squeezed onto the metal-patterned sodalime glass throuhg the metal mesh of 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and subse-quently heat-treated in order to remove the organic binder. The insulating spacers in thickness of 200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ are inserted between the lower and upper glasses. The Y\ulcornerO\ulcornerS:Eu, ZnS:Cu, Al, and ZnS:Ag, Cl, phosphors are electrically deposited on the upper glass for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The typical sizes of each phosphor are 2~3 micron. The assembled structure was sealed in an atmosphere of highly purified Ar gas by means of a glass frit. The display plate was evacuated down to the pressure level of 1$\times$10\ulcorner Torr. Three non-evaporable getters of Ti-Zr-V-Fe were activated during the final heat-exhausting procedure. Finally, the active area of 4.5-inch panel with fully sealed carbon nanotubes was pro-duced. Emission currents were character-ized by the DC-mode and pulse-modulating mode at the voltage up to 800 volts. The brightness of field emission was measured by the Luminance calorimeter (BM-7, Topcon).