• Title/Summary/Keyword: Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus

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Hexane Fraction of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus Extract Inhibits the Production of Nitric Oxide and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells (뇌신경소교세포(腦神經小膠細胞)에서 생강 헥산 분획물의 염증매개물질 생성(生成) 억제효과(抑制效果))

  • Jung, Hwan-Yong;Joo, Ye-Jin;Jung, Hye-Mi;Shin, Woo-Jin;Seo, Un-Kyo
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2009
  • Objectives: The present study is focused on the inhibitory effect of the rhizome hexane fraction extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus (ginger hexan extract; GHE) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. Methods: We separated the hexane fraction from Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus's methanol extract. The inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effect of GHE was examined on microglial activation. Results: GHE significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-1${\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, GHE attenuated the mRNA expressions and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory properties of GHE may make it useful as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases.

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Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Oriental Medical Materials and the Effect of Washing (한약재내 중금속 함량분석 및 물세척 효과)

  • 이승훈;최호영;박창호
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.90-93
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    • 2003
  • Six heavy metals (lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic) were analyzed in 9 oriental medical materials(Paeoniae Radix Alba, Zizyphi Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The heavy metal contents of Zingberis Rhizoma Crudus and Angelicae Gigantis Radix were 44.0 and 37.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were 1.47 and 1.24 times higher than the guideline set by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Washing with deionized water lowered the heavy metal contents by 20-38%, and reduced levels to below the guidelines set by KFDA.

The Origin, Change of the Time and Constructive Principle of Insamjinpi-tang(人蔘陳皮湯) (인삼진피탕(人蔘陳皮湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구성원리(構成原理))

  • Lee, Han-Shin;Lee, Jun-Hee;Kim, Dal-Rae;Koh, Byung-Hee;Lee, Eui-Ju
    • Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2011
  • 1. Objectives: This paper was written to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Insamjinpi-tang(人蔘陳皮湯) 2. Methods: Insamjinpi-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Dongyisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Dongyisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", "Donguisasangsinpyeon(東醫四象新編)" 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Insamjinpi-tang is Doksamyangbung-tang(獨蔘良崩湯), which is combination of Yijung-tang(理中湯), and Insamkeji-tang(人蔘桂枝湯) (2) The origin of Insamjinpi-tang was derived from Doksamyangbung-tang of "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon". Insamjinpitang greatly increases Ginseng Radix Alba(人參) when Insamjinpitang was compared with Yijung-tang, Insamkeji-tang. Insamjinpitang put to use Amomi Fructus(砂仁) newly first. (3) The Insamjinpitang composed of 5 herbs, Ginseng Radix Alba(人參), Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus(生薑), Citrus unshiu (陳皮), Zizyphus jujuba(大棗) and Amomi Fructus(砂仁); Ginseng Radix Alba(人參) and Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus (生薑) treat Taeumjeung(太陰證) of Soeumin(少陰人) through warming the Stomach(溫胃), Citrus unshiu(陳皮) makes the Yin(陰) downbearing, Zizyphus jujuba(大棗) making harmony between innerside and outerside of body and Amomi Fructus(砂仁) making stable one's mind.

Systemic review of Xiaochaihutang and its correlation with KCD (소시호탕 systemic review 및 KCD 코드 대조)

  • Lee, Ji Ho;Park, Sun Dong;Kim, Young Woo
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.117-135
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    • 2020
  • Objectives : Xiaochaihutang(小柴胡湯) is a famous herbal prescription in the Traditional Korean Medicine, and its components include Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Pinelliae Tuber(半夏), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草), Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus(生薑), Zizyphi Fructus(大棗). Methods : In this study, we reviewed the effects of xiaochaihutang by searching Pubmed. And we connected with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) and the effects of xiaochaihutang. Results and Conclusion : The effects of xiaochaihutang was related with B18, C22, C34, C56, J30, J45, K70, K74, K76, F32, F33, F34, F41 as indicated by KCD. In clinics, the medical doctors almost use the KCD code for insurance. This review give us the scientific clue of Xiaochaihutang's effect in KCS system.

Efficacy of 20 Select Herbs Against Common Cold (감기 치료 빈용 처방 구성 약물의 효능 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-hyun;Ahn, Hyun-jin;Chiang, Shuen-cheng;Lee, Beom-joon;Jung, Sung-ki;Jung, Hee-jae
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.236-251
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines to test their efficacy in common cold treatment. Methods: For all experiments, the herbal medicines were extracted with 80% ethanol and freeze-dried. To determine the anti-oxidative properties, we tested DPPH-free radical-scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. To determine anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, we investigated acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and writhing test in ICR mice. For anti-pyretic activities, an LPS-induced pyrexia study was conducted in rabbits. To evaluate the anti-histamine activity, we examined compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in ICR mice and the release of β-hexosaminidase on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Results: Ephedrae herba, Forsythiae fructus, Cinnamomi ramulus, and Cimicifugae rhizome showed potent free-radical scavenging activities. Gentianae macrophyllae radix inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. Schizonepetae spica and Cimicifugae rhizome inhibited acetic acid. Cinnamomi ramulus and Angelicae decursivae radix inhibited LPS-induced pyrexia. Angeliace dahuricae radix and Asari radix inhibited compound 48/80. Scutellariae radix, Cinnamomi ramulus, Ephedrae herba, and Zingiberis rhizoma crudus potently inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase. Conclusions: We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines;We examined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-histamine activities of 20 herbal medicines Codonopsis pilosulae radix, Zingiberis rhizoma crudus, and Cinnamomi ramulus showed novel efficacy. These results suggest that some of herbal medicines may be very effective in treating common cold.

Quantitative Analysis of the Fifteen Constituents in Hyangso-San by LC-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS를 이용한 향소산 중 15종 성분의 정량분석)

  • Seo, Chang-Seob;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2016
  • Hyangso-san is a traditional herbal medicine that consists of the seven herbal medicines, Cyperi Rhizoma, Perillae Folium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, and Allii Fistulosi Bulbus. Hyangso-san has long been clinically used to treat the influenza, including headache, ferver, chills, and pantalgia. In this study, we were performed the simultaneous analysis of the 15 marker compounds (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, glycyrrhizin, nobiletin, 6-gingerol, elemicin, atractylenolide III, nootkatone, and atractylenolide I) in Hyangso-san using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Column for the separation of the 15 ingredients was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ by using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient condition. Identifications of all analytes were performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was ${\geq}0.9958$. The values of limits of detection and quantification of the 15 components were 0.002-4.29 and 0.01-12.88 ng/mL, respectively. The result of an analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, kaempferol and atractylenolide I were not detected, while other 13 compounds were 0.08-56.87 mg/g in lyophilized Hyangso-san sample.

As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr Concentration and Property Evaluation in Frequently Using 16 Oriental Herbal Medicines -Mainly Average, Lowest, Highest Concentration and Percent Exceeding Value of Legal Allowance in Korean and Chinese Origines- (16종 다용한약재의 산지별 As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr 농도 및 특성고찰 -한국과 중국산의 평균농도, 최소-최대농도와 법적 허용농도초과비율을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Kee-Dong;Park, Hae-Mo;Seo, Yong-Chan;Lee, Sun-Dong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.167-183
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    • 2012
  • Objective : Average, lowest, highest concentration and exceeding value of legal allowance of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea(Astragali Radix, Ginseng, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Zizyphi Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated according to their origines (korea, china) and property was also discussed according to the medicinally active part and individuals regardless origines. Method : Korean and Chinese herbal medicines were evenly sampled from corresponding country nationwide. Pre-treatment was executed according to the KFDA(Korea Food and Drug Administration) regulation and analysis was performed according to the Korean Environmental Analysis QA/QC. Result : Not much difference was observed according to their origines. However, lowest, highest and percent exceeding value of legal allowance was showed some consistent differences according to the medicinally active part and individuals. Co and Cr was can not be evaluated since their legal regulation was not established yet. Conclusion : The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr in frequently using 16 oriental herbal medicines in korea showed no noticeable difference according to their origines. Regardless the origin, some consistent differences were observed according to the individuals and medicinally active parts.

Screening of Leukotriene $B_4$ Receptor Antagonist Activity from the Herbal Drugs (생약의 류코트리엔 $B_4$ 수용체결합 저해작용 검색)

  • Lee, Hwa-Jin;Ryu, Jae-Ha
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.273-279
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    • 2000
  • Leukotriene $B_4\;(LTB_4)$ is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized in myeloid cells from arachidonic acid. Elevated levels of $LTB_4$ have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases and levels are related to disease activity in some of these. Because $LTB_4$ interacts with cells through specific cell surface receptors, $LTB_4$ receptor blockade is the most specific approach to reduce the pathogenic role of $LTB_4$. In order to find $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from plants, we screened the $LTB_4$ receptor antagonistic activity of the methanol extract and solvent fractions of herbal drugs. The ability of samples to inhibit specific binding of $[^3H]-LTB_4$ to human peripheral neutrophils was used as assay to evaluate the antagonistic activity of plant materials. Among the tested methanol extracts of herbal drugs, Mori Radicis Cortex, Perillae Semen, Armeniacae Semen and Sophorae subprostratae Radix showed potent inhibitory activity above 70% at the concentration of $100\;{mu}g/ml$. The inhibitory activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophils were evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Aristolochiae Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma crudus showed moderate activity at $25\;{mu}g/ml$. These fractions were promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds. Silica gel column chromatography of hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix gave very active sub-fractions, AA-4 and ES-4, and their inhibition activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophil at $30\;{mu}g/ml$ were 78% and 62%, respectively. From these results we could anticipate new $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from herbal drugs, and the block of $LTB_4$ effects may provide beneficial in neutrophil mediated diseases such as inflammation and bronchial asthma.

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Inhibition Effect of Gamisoyo-san on MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase mRNA Expression in Melanoma Cells (B16F10) (멜라노마 세포에서 가미소요산(加味逍遙散)의 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase mRNA 발현 억제 효과)

  • Joo, Da-Hye;Lee, Soo-Yeon;Yoo, Dan-Hee;Lee, Jin-Young
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : Gamisoyo-san complex prescription were made with Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodes rhizome white, Hoelen, Bupleuri Radix, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Menthae Herba. The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effect of the extract from Gamisoyo-san, which is one of the used herbal complex prescription. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effect of Gamisoyo-san in tyrosinase activity. Cell viability were performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, Gamisoyo-san measured reversed-transcription-PCR for mRNA expression using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Results : For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of extract was shown to 52.4% at $5,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The cell viability on B16F10 melanoma cells of Gamisoyo-san extract showed higher than 75% at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In this study, an experiment was performed by setting the non-toxic concentration range of 50, 150, $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a positive control. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory by reverse transcription-PCR of Gamisoyo-san extract were decreased by 95.3%, 98.8%, 96.3% and 49.5% at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which the highest concentration. Conclusions : All these findings could verify that whitening effects of Gamisoyo-san extract by tyrosinase inhibitory activity and mRNA expression. The Gamisoyo-san could be used as material for functional cosmetics, such as skin whitening products.

Study on the Effects of the Superficies-resolving Herbs based on Temperatures, Tastes and Effect Terms (기미(氣味)와 효능 용어를 활용한 해표약(解表藥)의 효능 고찰)

  • Yeon, Jihye;Song, Jichung;Jang, Heewon;Eom, Dongmyung
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.69-82
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    • 2017
  • Objective : This study was conducted to infer the effect of superficies-resolveing herbs by analyzing effect terms which have extracted and refined, based on four temperatures and five tastes. Method : Firstly, temperatures, tastes and effect terms were extracted from the 27 kinds of superficies-resolving herbs written in Herbology. Then, each effect terms was divided into single meaning term and refined as typical term, using the inclusive effect terms I established. After that, herbs were grouped by tastes and found the effect terms which are mentioned most frequently. And it could be supposed to be classified into each herb's new effects based on the relationship between properties and those effect terms. It is also inferred into new tastes from some herbs by analysing the representative effects group of each taste and finding which other tastes can be related to each herb's effect. Result & Conclusion : All the superficies-resolving herbs can have wind-dispelling effect and superficies-resolving effect, except Bulpleuri Radix. This herb is able to has just the wind-dispelling effect. And it's more appropriate to categorize Bulpleuri Radix to heat-clearing herb group than superficies-resolving herb group, considering its several, distinctly cold characteristics. Some effects are concentrated to wind-cold-dispersing herb group and others to wind-heat-dispersing herb group. Each tastes has its own representative effect group. And, according to its tastes' representative effect, some of herbs are reasonable to get new effect term. With not so feasible reason, 4 kinds of herbs are supposed to contain all of hot, bitter, and sweet tastes. Also It's needed to study much deeper whether Perillae Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus and Elsholtziae Herba are belong to superficies-resolving herb group or to interior-warming or damp-dissolving aromatic herb group.