• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.2874-2892
• /
• 2013

Since security plays an important role in several ZigBee applications, such as Smart Energy and medical sensor applications, ZigBee Specification includes various security mechanisms to protect ZigBee frames and infrastructure. Among them, the Join and Leave operations of ZigBee are investigated in this paper. The current Join-Leave operation is protected by the network key (a kind of group key). We claim it is not adequate to employ the network key for such purpose, and propose a new Join-Leave operation protected by the application link key (a kind of pairwise key), which is based on a more efficient key management scheme than that of ZigBee. Hence, the original Join operation consists of a total of 12 command frames, while the new Join operation consists of only 6 command frames. In particular, the security of the proposed Join-Leave operation is equivalent to or better than that of the original Join-Leave operation. The new Join-Leave operation is extensively analyzed in terms of security and efficiency, and compared with the original Join-Leave operation of ZigBee.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

ZigBee is the emerging industrial standard for ad hoc networks based on IEEE 802.15.4. It is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. Expected applications of ZigBee include wireless sensor networks for remote monitoring, home control, and industrial automation. Since one of the most important design goals of ZigBee is to reduce the installation and running costs, the ZigBee stack is embedded in the cheap and small micro-controller unit. The hierarchical routing algorithm is used for ZigBee end devices which have very limited resources. Using the block addressing scheme, end devices can send data to the destination without a routing table. However, hierarchical routing has the problem that the packets follow the tree hierarchy to the destination even if the destination is located nearby. In this paper, we propose a scheme to improve the hierarchical routing algorithm in ZigBee networks by employing the neighbor table that is originally used together with the routing table. We suggest selecting the neighbor node that has the minimum remaining hops to the destination as the next hop node. Simulation result shows that the proposed scheme saves more than 30% of the hop counts compared with the original hierarchical routing.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose an emotion transfer system based on LED, which presents and transmitts users emotion through Bluetooth and ZigBee using LED light. We propose an emotional LED system interacting multiple LED lighting system and implement the proposed system using smartphone and WPAN network with Bluetooth and ZigBee. For the transmission of data, ZigBee is adopted for each LED lighting system and Bluetooth is utilized for the smartphone. Also, the LED lighting systems which are connected to smartphone have both ZigBee and Bluetooth module for the heterogeneous network. The implemented system shows the validity and applicability of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.51-53
• /
• 2011

Data collection and classification of products for factory automation is one of important processes. If conveyor systems corresponding to factory automation have crossroads, a lot of difficulties arise. These issues can be solved by using Zig-Bee technology capable of network configuration. Network with Zig-Bee is configured to coordinators, routers, and end-device. And Zig-Bee for up to 65,536 network formation is possible. In this paper, system to transmit the data of RFID tag to the host PC has been implemented, after connecting multiple EM4095 RFID system to Zig-Bee transmitter/receiver system.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2010

Recently, as the era of ubiquitous has arrived, an infrastructure for the short-distance wireless communication has been extended socially, and thus a variety of services are being proposed. The Multimedia Contents Delivery System using the ZigBee, in particular, has an important stance in enlargement of a variety of services in the aspect of individual-oriented service support though Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Nonetheless, the ZigBee, or the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard, has many restrictions on the Multimedia Contents Delivery System due to the low data transport rate. In order to improve the ZigBee which presents a limit on the transport rate at the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard, this thesis has designed the burst mode which is a method of transmitting a certain amount of data in block units at a high speed without any stoppage until the completion of the transmission. Also, to provide a Multimedia Contents Delivery Service with an application of the normal data transmission mode, it improved the transmission performance of the ZigBee. In addition, for the Multimedia Contents Delivery Service under the ubiquitous environment, it designed and implemented a broadcasting Multimedia Contents Delivery System based on the ZigBee to conduct a comparative analysis on the data transmission performance according to the transmission method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.1014-1017
• /
• 2009

Ubiquitous makes it possible to expand a short-distant wireless communications infra and provide various services. Especially, it is very important to develop multimedia contents service technology through ZigBee and WPAN technology. But because the data transmission rate of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard ZigBee is low, there are many barriers for multimedia contents services. In this paper, to improve ZigBee that has the limitation of transmission rate in IEEE 802.15.4 Standard, an upgraded model to 1Mbps through MAC Layer remodeling is designed. And Zigbee-based broadcasting multimedia contents services system is designed and implementation to provide the service in Ubiquitous environment.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2013

This paper has designed and realized educational ZigBee equipment befitting to the USN environment. In addition, this study has enabled users to exercise operation process for software technology education and to propose software design methods in the process in the USN environment through practice equipment for ZigBee education. As for the development environment of system, Atmega128 process of Atmel is used for CPU; AVR compiler for the debugging environment; C language for firmware development language; and C++ for application program. The system operation process is initiated by coordinator's sensing information reading order from the hyper terminal through a server through the Internet or directly connected; and then delivering it to a terminating device by using ZigBee technology. The terminating device delivers various sensing information to the coordinator which delivers it to a server through the Internet or to a HYPER terminal directly connected to the coordinator. As for the educational course, it is about practices on such ZigBee operation process and relevant programing skills. Regarding it, the communication between coordinator and terminating device is designed by utilizing physical layer of ZigBee protocol, MAC layer and network layer while the communication between server and coordinator is designed by proposing an independent protocol on TCP/IP socket and the protocol processing procedure during sensing data delivery is verified by interpretation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.1127-1130
• /
• 2006

ZigBee기술은 Home Automation, Building Automation 그리고 Sensor Network 분야까지 다양한 분야에서 기술적인 가능성을 가지고 있다. 그러나 ZigBee기술은 WPAN(Personal Area Network) 영역으로 그 범위를 제한하고 있어 Home Automation에 적용할 수 있는 분야가 제한될 수 밖에 없다. 본 논문에서는 ZigBee의 binding기술을 확장하여 home network에 도입하기 위한 방안을 제시하고, 댁외 device들이 home server를 통하여 ZigBee의 device들과 어떻게 binding될 수 있는지를 보이고자 한다. 또한 위의 내용을 기반으로 home network의 automation을 댁외 망으로 확장할 수 있음을 보이고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.993-996
• /
• 2007

LR-WPAN의 대표적인 기술인 ZigBee는 저속 전송속도를 갖는 홈오토메이션 및 데이터 네트워크를 위해 IEEE 802.15.4 표준을 기반으로 상위 프로토콜과 응용을 규격화한 기술이다. 특히 개방된 무선 환경인 ZigBee 네트워크에서는 무엇보다 보안의 중요성이 대두되고 있으며, ZigBee Alliance 규격에도보안 계층이 포함되어 있다. 그러나 암호화에 사용되는 링크키를 생성하기 위해 신뢰성 있는 정보(마스터키)를 평문으로 전송하기 때문에 직접적으로 노출되는 위험성과 방문자 위치 추적 등 디바이스의 이동이 빈번한 환경에서 PAN 코디네이터의 과부하가 발생할 수 있는 등의 여러 가지 문제점이 존재하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Du 등이 제안한 사전 키 분배 기법을 이용하여 ZigBee 네트워크에서의 효율적인 키 분배 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 디바이스에게 임의의 행렬 열과 행 값을 송신하여 링크키를 생성함으로서 이전의 문제점을 해결하고 더욱 빠른 통신이 가능하도록 하였다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.537-540
• /
• 2006

When multiple ZigBee wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are in close proximity to each other, contentions and collisions in transmissions will lead to increased packet delays. However, there is no existing study on how delay performance would be affected in a crowded real-life environment where each person walking down a busy street would be wearing a ZigBee WPAN. This letter studies the use of ZigBee WPANs in such a real-life environment for real-time heart beat monitoring. To be pragmatic, we derived a mobility pattern from the analysis of a real-life video trace. Then, we estimated the delay performance from the video trace by combining data collected from ZigBee experiments. The results show that the 300 ms packet delay requirement will not be met for only 11% of the time. When failure occurs, it will last for an average duration of 1.4 s.