• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The thickness of specimen is an important factor in microscopic researches. Thicker specimen contains more information, but it is difficult to obtain well focused image with precise details due to optical limit of conventional microscope. Recently, a microscope unit that combines improved illumination system, which allows real time three-dimensional (3D) image and automatic z-stack merging software. In this research, we evaluated the usefulness of this unit in observing thick samples; Golgi stained nervous tissue and ground prepared bone, tooth, and non-transparent small sample; zebra fish teeth. Well focused image in thick samples was obtained by processing z-stack images with Panfocal software. A clear feature of neuronal dendrite branching pattern could be taken. 3D features were clearly observed by oblique illumination. Furthermore, 3D array and shape of zebra fish teeth was clearly distinguished. A novel combination of two channel oblique illumination and z-stack imaging process increased depth of field and optimized contrast, which has a potential to be further applied in the field of neuroscience, hard tissue biology, and analysis of small organic structures such as ear ossicles and zebra fish teeth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2009

The zebra shark Stegostoma fasciatum which had been reared in the commercial aquaria was found dead and submitted for postmortem examination. A pure bacterial culture was isolated from pale and enlarged liver. The analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes confirmed the isolate as Photobacterium (P.) damselae subsp. damselae and this pathogen was sensitive to gentamicin. Although, no mortality in mouse was observed in the experimental infection study, the isolation of this pathogen in aquarium fish is significant because it can act as a reservoir to other aquatic animals and can also be zoonotic potential to human during aquarium management. This paper describes the first isolation of P. damselae subsp. damselae from zebra shark.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.211.1-211.1
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• 2016

Several reports have demonstrated the wide range of nonthermal plasma applications in biomedical field including cancers, diabetics, wound healing and cosmetics. Recently, it has been shown that plasma is able to modulate the p38 MAPK and JUN level in cells which has a crucial role in melanin synthesis and skin pigmentation. Therefore we investigated the effect of plasma on melanogenesis in-vitro using melanoma (B16F10) cells and in-vivo using mouse and zebra fish. To investigate the mechanism of plasma action, plasma device characteristics were measured, reactive species inside and outside the cells were detected, and western blot was performed to find the signaling pathway involved in melanin activation in-vitro and in-vivo. This is the first report presenting the role of nonthermal plasma for melanogenesis which provides a new perspective of plasma in the field of dermatology.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside-Rg3, the pharmacologically active component of red ginseng, has been found to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Previously, we found that 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) could inhibit angiogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect many biological processes, they might play an important role in ginsenoside-mediated angiomodulation. Methods: In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of Rg3-induced angiosuppression through modulating the miRNA expression. In the miRNA-expression profiling analysis, six miRNAs and three miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated in vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after Rg3 treatment, respectively. Results: A computational prediction suggested that mature hsa-miR-520h (miR-520h) targets ephrin receptor (Eph) B2 and EphB4, and hence, affecting angiogenesis. The up-regulation of miR-520h after Rg3 treatment was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expressions of EphB2 and EphB4 were found to decrease, respectively. The mimics and inhibitors of miR- 520h were transfected into HUVECs and injected into zebra-fish embryos. The results showed that overexpression of miR-520h could significantly suppress the EphB2 and EphB4 protein expression, proliferation, and tubulogenesis of HUVECs, and the subintestinal-vessel formation of the zebra fish. Conclusion: These results might provide further information on the mechanism of Rg3-induced angiosuppression and the involvement of miRNAs in angiogenesis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

There are some critical drawbacks in the use of biomarkers for a global assessment of the toxicological impacts many chemicals and environmental pollutants have, primarily due to an individual biomarker's specificity for an explicit chemical or toxicant. In other words, the biomarker-based assessment methodology used to analyze toxicological effects lacks a high-throughput capability. Therefore, eco-toxicogenomics, or the study of toxicogenomics with organisms present within a given environmental locale, has recently been introduced with the advent of the so-called "-omics" era, which began with the creation of microarray technologies. Fish are comparable with humans in their toxicological responses and thus data from toxicogenomic studies performed with fish could be applied, with appropriate tools and implementation protocols, to the evaluation of environments where human or animal health is of concern. At present, there have been very active research streams for developing expression sequence tag (EST) databases (DBs) for zebra fish and rainbow trout. Even though few reports involve toxicogenomic studies with fish, a few groups have successfully fabricated and used cDNA microarrays or oligo DNA chips when studying the toxicological impacts of hypoxia or some toxicants with fish. Furthermore, it is strongly believed that this technology can also be implemented with non-model fish. With the standardization of DNA microarray technologies and ample progress in bioinformatics and proteomic technologies, data obtained from DNA microarray technologies offer not only multiple biomarker assays or an analysis of gene expression profiles, but also a means of elucidating gene networking, gene-gene relations, chemical-gene interactions, and chemical-chemical relationships. Accordingly, the ultimate target of eco-toxicogenomics should be to predict and map the pathways of stress propagation within an organism and to analyze stress networking.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

All living things share some common life processes, such as growth and reproduction, and have the ability to respond to their environment. However, each type of organism has its own specialized way of managing biological events. Genetic sequences determine phenotypic and physiological traits. Based on genetic information, comparative genomics has been used to delineate the differences and similarities between various genomes, and significant progress has been made in understanding regenerative biology by comparing the genomes of a variety of lower animal models of regeneration, such as planaria, zebra fish, and newts. However, the genome of lizards has been relatively ignored until recently, even though lizards have been studied as an excellent amniote model of tissue regeneration. Very recently, whole genome sequences of lizards have been uncovered, and several attempts have been made to find regeneration factors based on genetic information. In this article, recent advances in comparative analysis of the lizard genome are introduced, and their biological implications and putative applications for regenerative medicine and stem cell biology are discussed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.146-156
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• 2008

Tributyltin chloride(TBTCl) was administered through discrete immersion(2 hr each) from the $18^{th}-25^{th}$ day after hatching(dph). At the doses of 1, 2, 4 and 8 ${\mu}g/L$, the immersion at 2 ${\mu}g/L$ ensured 93% masculinization and the highest survival of 75% after the treatment. TBTCl acted as a growth suppressant and the magnitude of its suppression was stronger in females. During the 300 day experiment, it postponed sexual maturity of females from 120$^{th}$ dph in the control to 240$^{th}$ dph in the females treated at 8 ${\mu}g/L$. It reduced spawning frequency(22-3 times) and cumulative fecundity(1,632-19 eggs) by reducing the number of vitellogenic eggs. In the treated males too, it reduced sperm motility(100-68 sec); consequently, fertilizability of the sperm cells drawn from these males was also reduced from 88 to 43%. Progeny testing showed that the cross between males treated at>2 ${\mu}g/L$ and normal females generated the presumed 'homogametic' males. Both the treated 'homogametic' and 'heterogametic' males could induce the females to spawn fewer eggs than that of the normal males. A normal female somehow deducted the differences between the control, treated and sex reversed males; it preferred a normal male over a treated one, and a treated one over the sex reversed male.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1 s.106
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

In an effort to develop the biomarker for monitoring the contamination of xenoestrogen in the freshwater environment of Korea, reverse transcription-polymerasechain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression was optimized in Hearisarsus Iaseo, Based on the homology of the VTG cDNA sequences between the common carp and zebra fish, a set of PCR primers for VTG mRNA amplification for H; labo was designed. VTG mRNA level in livers from female and male fishes was analyzed by RT-PCR following single injection of 17 beta estradiol($E_2$ 10 mg $kg^{-1}$ B.W.). As an internal control, beta actin mRNA was amplified. One us of total liver RNA was subjected to RT-PCR. In female the amount of PCR productof VfC gradually increased in the range from 16 to 34 cycles of amplification. On the contrary, in control male, PCR product first detected at 32 cycles of amplification and linearly increased up to 40 cycles of amplification. In $E_2$ injected male liver, the VTC mRNA level was similar to that in the female. Taken together, this result suggests that liver of male H. labo expresses minute amount of VTG mRNA which are2-l6 equivalent of female and that induction of VTG mRNA occurs in male liver after estrogen treatment. In conclusion, the optimized protocol for RT-PCR analysis of VTG mRNA expression in liver of male H. labo will provide the environmental monitoring method for the xenoestrogen contamination in the rivers in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2021

Global warming has affected the distribution of organisms for decades and has displayed rapid ascent recently. Research into the effects on tropical organisms are vital. Padina boryana is a resourceful marine microalgae in the Maldives Sea in the Laccadive region. A 70% ethanol extraction (PBE) of this seaweed was used to investigate its antioxidant potential. Both in vitro and in vivo models were implemented. PBE exhibited protective potential against H₂O₂ induced apoptosis. ROS levels were suppressed due to PBE. PBE expressed a cytoprotective nature. In vivo experiments involving the zebra fish model conformed its validity. The antioxidant efficacy of PBE was dose dependent. Study outcomes suggest PBE has potential as a novel and valuable marine resource to aid the functional food and cosmeceutical industries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1319-1326
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• 2007

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) is a key regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to generate fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Deficiency of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase is associated with fasting hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. The enzyme has been shown to occur in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The bovine FBP1 gene was cloned and characterized in this study. The full length (1,241 bp) FBP1 mRNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 338 amino acids, a 63 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 131 bp 3' UTR. The bovine FBP1 gene was 89%, 85%, 82%, 82% and 74% identical to the orthologs of pig, human, mouse, rat and zebra fish at mRNA level, and 97%, 96%, 94%, 93% and 91% identical at the protein level, respectively. This gene was broadly expressed in cattle with the highest level in testis, and the lowest level in heart. An intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A/G) was identified in the $5^{th}$ intron of the bovine FBP1 gene. Genotyping of 133 animals from four beef breeds revealed that the average frequency for allele A (A-base) was 0.7897 (0.7069-0.9107), while 0.2103 (0.0893-0.2931) for allele B (G-base). Our preliminary association study indicated that this SNP is significantly associated with traits of Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Carcass Length (CL) (p<0.01). In addition, the FBP1 gene was assigned on BTA8 by a hybrid radiation (RH) mapping method.