• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8619-8623
• /
• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a common disorder in women, constituting one of the main causes of death all over the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the breast tissue diseases by the help of thermography. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we applied non-contact infrared camera, INFREC R500 for evaluating the capabilities of thermography. The study was conducted on 60 patients suspected of breast disease, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Information obtained from the questionnaires and clinical examinations along with the obtained diagnostic results from ultrasound images, biopsies and thermography, were analyzed. The results indicated that the use of thermography as well as the asymmetry technique is useful in identifying hypoechoic as well as cystic masses. It should be noted that the patient should not suffer from breast discharge. Results: The accuracy of asymmetry technique identification is respectively 91/89% and 92/30%. Also the accuracy of the exact location of identification is on the 61/53% and 75%. The approach also proved effective in identifying heterogeneous lesions, fibroadenomas, and intraductal masses, but not ISO-echoes and calcified masses. Conclusions: According to the results of the investigation, thermography may be useful in the initial screening and supplementation of diagnostic procedures due to its safety (its non-radiation properties), low cost and the good recognition of breast tissue disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7409-7414
• /
• 2015

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) developed by Notomi et al. (2000) has made it possible to amplify DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions. The ultimate products of LAMP are stem-loop structures with several inverted repeats of the target sequence and cauliflower-like patterns with multiple loops shaped by annealing between every other inverted repeats of the amplified target in the similar strand. Because the amplification process in LAMP is achieved by using four to six distinct primers, it is expected to amplify the target region with high selectivity. However, evaluation of reaction accuracy or quantitative inspection make it necessary to append other procedures to scrutinize the amplified products. Hitherto, various techniques such as turbidity assessment in the reaction vessel, post-reaction agarose gel electrophoresis, use of intercalating fluorescent dyes, real-time turbidimetry, addition of cationic polymers to the reaction mixture, polyacrylamide gel-based microchambers, lateral flow dipsticks, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and nanoparticle-based colorimetric tests have been utilized for this purpose. In this paper, we reviewed the best-known techniques for evaluation of LAMP amplicons and their applications in molecular biology beside their advantages and deficiencies. Regarding the properties of each technique, the development of innovative prompt, cost-effective and precise molecular detection methods for application in the broad field of cancer research may be feasible.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한국종합전시장, 24 Nov. 1995
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 1995

최근 애매성이 수반되는 정보를 Zadeh는 멤버쉽함수(membership function)를 이용하여 새로운 정보처리 방식으로서 퍼지이론을 제안하였고, 그후 의료계에서도 퍼지이론을 도입한 진단법들이 제안되었다. 회전기계의 이상진단법으로는 주파수득점법(Point counting method), 퍼지역연산법(Inverse method of fuzzy theory)등이 보고되고 있으며, 저자들도 퍼지이론을 이용하여 구름베어링의 결함진단, 회전기계의 간이 이상진단법등을 보고하였다. 이들은 주로 진동주파수의 스펙트럼 데이터 만을 이용하고 있고, 다른 많은 데이터를 복합적으로 이용할 수 없다. 이 때문에 주로 소규모 문제의 간이진단에서는 효과적이나 진단대상이 복잡하고 대규모로 되면 보다 정확한 원인 추정이 곤란하게 된다. 또한 수치데이터만을 취급할 수 있으므로 진동전문가가 진단에 이용하는 각종의 수치화 될 수 없는 데이터(언어적인 정보)가 취급될 수 없다. 따라서 이들의 진단법은 개략적인 진단은 가능하나 상세한 원인까지는 진단할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 회전기계의 이상판단시 참고가 되는 각종 정보로는 주로 진동진폭의 크기, 진폭과 위상의 변화, 진폭의 변화, 진동파형, 진동벡터의 시간변화 등이 있고, 이들은 수치적으로 표현할 수 있는 계량데이터와 판단의 경계가 불명확한 언어정보(범위데이터)로 나눌 수 있다. 후자는 애매성(fuzziness)을 많이 포함하고 있으며, 엄밀히 측정되는 수치데이터에서도 퍼지성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 언어적인 정보의 애매성을 퍼지추론에서는 [수치적 진리치](numeric truth)와 [언어적 진리치](linguistic truth)의 개념으로 표현하게 되었다. 수치적 진리치는 확실함의 척도를 [0,1] 사이의 수치를 이용하여 표현하고 있으며, 이 수치는 소견의 확실도로서 가능성을 표현한 것이다. 예를 들면, 진동진폭 스펙트럼상에 2X 성분이 상당히 크게 나타나 정렬불량의 가능성이 0.7 정도라고 판정하는 것 등은 이러한 수치적진리치를 이용하는 방법이다. 그러나 상기의 수치적 표현만으로는 확실도를 한개의 수치로서 대표하게 하는 것은 진단의 정밀도에 문제가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 언어적진리치가 도입되어 [상당히 확실], [확실], [약간 확실] 등의 언어적인 표현을 이용하여 애매성을 표현하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 간이진단 결과로부터 추출된 애매한 진단결과중에서 가장 가능성이 높은 이상원인을 복수로 선정하고, 여러 종류의 수치화할 수 없는 언어적(linguistic)인 정보ㄷㄹ을 if-then 형식의 퍼지추론으로 종합하는 회전기계의 이상진단을 위한 정밀진단 알고리즘을 제안하고 그 유용성을 검토한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2141-2144
• /
• 2016

Background: Many cancer patients still experience pain worldwide. There are many barriers for effective control of cancer pain and many of these are related to health care providers. There is a need for further investigation of these barriers. The aim of this study was to investigate nurse-related barriers to control of cancer pain among Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 49 nurses from two hospitals affiliated to Tabriz and Ardebil Universities of Medical Sciences participated using a census sampling method. A demographic and profession related checklist and Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) were used for data collection. Results: The results showed negative attitudes of participants regarding control of cancer pain. Participants believed that cancer pain medications do not manage cancer pain at acceptable levels; patients may become addicted by using these drugs; cancer pain medications have many uncontrollable effects; and controlling cancer pain may distract the physicians from treating disease. Conclusions: Iranian nurses have negative attitudes toward pain control in cancer patients especially about effectiveness of pain medication and their side effects. Educational intervention to reduce these misconceptions is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.5155-5159
• /
• 2012

Objective: To investigate the association between CD105 and tumor cell proliferation in salivary gland tumors. Methods: In this study, 59 samples of salivary tumors from Khalili Hospital archive, including 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 20 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as 10 cases of normal salivary gland tissue, were reviewed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD105 and Ki67 staining. Results: CD105 positive vessels were absent in normal salivary gland tissue in the vicinity of tumors (51.6% of all tumors were positive). There was a statistically significant difference in frequency of CD105 staining between PA and malignant tumors and between four groups of different lesions (p<0.000) being highest in MEC. Intratumoral microvessel density was also elevated in malignant neoplasms ($2.61{\pm}3.1$) as compared to PA ($0.46{\pm}0.6$). Normal salivary glands did not express Ki67. There was a statistically significant difference in frequency and percentage of Ki67 immunoreactivity in malignant neoplasms (86.5% and $10.7{\pm}10.8$ respectively) compared to PA (50% and $0.78{\pm}0.2$) and among the four groups values were highest in MEC (p<0.000). Conclusion: n this study, it was observed a higher rate of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation was noted in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors, but no correlation was observed between these two markers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.19.1-19.6
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for growth curve parameters in Guilan sheep. Studied traits were parameters of Brody growth model which included A (asymptotic mature weight), B (initial animal weight) and K (maturation rate). The data set and pedigree information used in this study were obtained from the Agricultural Organization of Guilan province (Rasht, Iran) and comprised 8647 growth curve records of lambs from birth to 240 days of age during 1994 to 2014. Marginal posterior distributions of parameters and variance components were estimated using TM program. The Gibbs sampler was run 300000 rounds and the first 60000 rounds were discarded as a burn-in period. Posterior mean estimates of direct heritabilities for A, B and K were 0.39, 0.23 and 0.039, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between growth curve parameters were 0.57, 0.03 and -0.01 between A-B, A-K and B-K, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic trends for A, B and K were positive and their corresponding values were $0.014{\pm}0.003$ (P < 0.001), $0.0012{\pm}0.0009$ (P > 0.05) and $0.000002{\pm}0.0001$ (P > 0.05), respectively. Residual correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.52 (between A-K) to 0.48 (between A-B). Also, phenotypic correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.49 (between A-K) to 0.47 (between A-B). The results of this study indicated that improvement of growth curve parameters of Guilan sheep seems feasible in selection programs. It is worthwhile to develop a selection strategy to obtain an appropriate shape of growth curve through changing genetically the parameters of growth model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2020

Background Identifying patients who may be at high risk for wound complications postsarcoma resection and reconstruction is essential for improving functional outcomes and quality of life. Currently, the effect of timing on sarcoma reconstruction has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of delayed and immediate reconstruction in the setting of sarcoma resection requiring flap reconstruction in the lower extremity. Methods A retrospective review of the senior author's sarcoma reconstruction patients from January 2005 to July 2017 was completed. All patients undergoing flap reconstruction of the lower extremity were included. Complications in the early postoperative period were compared between delayed and immediate reconstructive procedures. Results A total of 32 patients (7 delayed, 25 immediate) were included in this study. There was a significantly increased rate of overall complications (100% vs. 28.0%, P=0.001) and rate of hematomas (28.6% vs. 0.0%, P=0.042) in the delayed reconstruction group. Other complications including dehiscence, seroma, infection, venous thrombosis, and total/partial flap loss were also increased in the delayed reconstruction group, but this was not considered to be significant. Conclusions This study suggests that delayed reconstruction following sarcoma resection of the lower extremity had a higher incidence of overall complications and hematoma formation. We emphasize the importance of early plastic and reconstructive surgeon referral and the necessity to closely monitor delayed reconstruction patients for complications.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.49-65
• /
• 2013

This article presents the statistical characteristics of elastic floor acceleration spectra that represent the peak response demand of non-structural components attached to a nonlinear supporting frame. For this purpose, a set of stiff and flexible general moment resisting frames with periods of 0.3-3.6 sec. are analyzed using forty-nine near-field strong ground motion records. Peak accelerations are derived for each single degree of freedom non-structural component, supported by the above mentioned frames, through a direct-integration time-history analysis. These accelerations are obtained by Floor Acceleration Response Spectrum (FARS) method. They are statistically analyzed in the next step to achieve a better understanding of their height-wise distributions. The factors that affect FARS values are found in the relevant state of the art. Here, they are summarized to evaluate the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values especially when the supporting structures undergo inelastic behavior. The properties of FARS values are studied in three regions: long-period, fundamental-period and short-period. Maximum elastic acceleration response of non-structural component, mounted on inelastic frames, depends on the following factors: inelasticity intensity and modal periods of supporting structure; natural period, damping ratio and location of non-structural component. The FARS values, corresponded to the modal periods of supporting structure, are strongly reduced beyond elastic domain. However, they could be amplified in the transferring period domain between the mentioned modal periods. In the next step, the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values, caused by inelastic behavior of supporting structure, are calculated. A parameter called the response acceleration reduction factor ($R_{acc}$), has been previously used for far-field earthquakes. The feasibility of extending this parameter for near-field motions is focused here, suggested repeatedly in the relevant sources. The nonlinearity of supporting structure is included in ($R_{acc}$) for better estimation of maximum non-structural component absolute acceleration demand, which is ordinarily neglected in the seismic design provisions.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2024

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been a remarkable advancement. However, the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of these vaccines in individuals with liver cirrhosis require careful evaluation due to their compromised immune status and potential interactions with underlying liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in liver cirrhosis patients. In the present study, we searched international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The search strategy was carried out by using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. STATA ver. 15.0 (Stata Corp., USA) was used to analyze the data statistically. The analysis was performed using the randomeffects model. We also used the chi-square test and I² index to calculate heterogeneity among studies. For evaluating publication bias, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's tests were used. A total of 4,831 liver cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 were examined from 11 studies. The rate of hospitalization in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9%-44%). The rate of fever in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 4.5% (95% CI, 0.9%-8.1%). The rate of positive neutralizing antibodies in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 82.5% (95% CI, 69.8%-95.1%). Also, the rates of seroconversion after the second vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis and the control group were 96.6% (95% CI, 92.0%-99.0%), and 99.7% (95% CI, 99.0%-100.0%), respectively. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated promising efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety profiles in individuals with liver cirrhosis, providing crucial protection against COVID-19-related complications.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2000

기존모형을 이용한 연구들은 최적화기법에 있어서 의사결정을 지원할 수 있는 최적해를 도출해내기 위해 목적식이나 제약조건식에 정확한 데이터 값을 입력시켜 최적해를 계산하였다. 또한 현실세계의 불확실하고 주관적인 상황들은 확률적 불확실성으로 간주하여 주관적인 상황들은 배제하였다. 즉, 이러한 최적해는 의사결정자가 의사결정상의 위험을 최소화하기 위하여 경영과학적인 방법들을 적용하는 과정에서 기존모형들의 목적함수를 완전하게 만족시켜 주는 해라고 할 수 있다. 이에 따라 수요량의 변화 및 기타 변수들의 변화에 적절히 대응할 수 없었으며, 입지의사결정자에게 입지결정에 대한 정보의 부족 등으로 선택의 기회를 폭넓게 제공하지 못하는 문제가 있었다. 이러한 배경하에서 본 연구는 의사결정분석에서 엄격히 주어진 제약조건하에서의 목적식을 최적화하는 문제로서 제약조건을 반드시 만족시켜야만 했던 기존의 의사결정문제를 바탕으로, 애매한 환경에서의 의사결정을 주관적인 측면에서 가장 합리적으로 이루어 보려는 의도로 Zadeh교수가 제안한 퍼지이론을 이용하여 물류단지 입지 및 규모결정모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 모형의 현실적 적합성 및 적용가능성을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 입지 및 규모결정시 기존의 연구에서 제시할 수 없었던 현실세계의 유연적이고 융통성있는 측면을 반영하여 입지 및 규모를 결정해 낼 수 있었으며 둘째, 기존의 입지결정 모형에 비해 상대적으로 많은 의사결정 상황을 최종의사결정 자에게 다양한 정보 및 선택의 기회를 제공해 줄 수 있었다. 따라서 이 결과가 반드시 최적의 입지를 제시하고 있다고는 단정할 수 없으나 모든 자료들이 빠짐없이 정확하게 모형에 반영될 경우 현실적 상황에서 모형적용이 가능하다고 하겠으며 이 모형은 현실상황에서 발생하는 기타시설의 입지선정 문제에도 적용할 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다. 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 평가된 지표가 신뢰할 만한 수준이 아니라면, 추정된 결과를 보정할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.or objection to the criticism of eating dog meat is that male and female commonly answered most that ′As dog meat food Is our traditional food culture. it is not the problem to be found fault with by others.′ The second reason for that is followed by iris deliciousness.up compared the service quality perception factor of the food service provider. The result was that the group having both the " will buy the service again" and "will suggest to others" criteria, that is, with higher loyalty, tend to have higher points than other group s in the dimension of ′Employee attitude′ and ′ Cleanliness′(p〈0.05), which means these two dimensions are closely related to customer loyalty. 3) From a regression analysis for the service quality perception level of the food service provider and overall satisfaction, it has been found that :