• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.740-746
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• 2011

Purpose: In the treatment of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities, the correction of the low-nostril height and short-columella are very difficult problems. We report the treatment outcomes of web uni-limb Z-plasty used for correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities by using photographic analysis. Methods: A total of 36 patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities were enrolled in this study, who underwent web uni-limb Z-plasty and were followed up for at least 6 months. First, a triangular flap was made on the medial side of alar-columella web. The nostril apex of cleft side was corrected to a higher point compared to noncleft side by 2 mm. The flap was transposed into the defect of the vestibule. To reduce the bulging of the flap, horizontal cinching sutures were added. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by using photographic analysis. 2 indices and 1 angle were measured on their photographs taken before and after the surgery. Symmetry was also evaluated by means of the noncleft side to cleft side index. For anthropologic assessment, observers described postoperative outcomes, using Ordinary Scale Method. Results: The postoperative values obtained in photographic analysis improved compared to preoperative ones. More improving anthropologic assessment was shown in post-than pre-operative. Conclusion: Although, further long term follow up is needed, we found this technique to be an effective procedure to the symmetry of nostril apex level and the lengthening of columella in the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1998

This study was aimed to evaluate any influence of environmental factors associated with feeding on infants' growth. One hundred infants(62 males and 38 females) aged 4-9 months were measured for length and were weighed. Their mothers were interviewed using questionnaires including general and environmental characteristics and maternal feeding attitude, ideal body habitus, infant's food behavior, and infant's food behavior, and infant's temperament. A further study was conducted on 29 infants at the time their ages reached 12 months. Their dietary intakes were assessed, and blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were measured. Z-scores of weight-for-age(WAZ) and Z-scores of height-for-age(HAZ) of 4-9 month- old infants were not correlated with age, education level, income, weight, and height of their parents. Formula-fed infants had significantly lower WAZ and body mass index (BMI) than those of breast fed infants. WAZ was significantly correlated with maternal feeding attitude, but not with ideal body habitus, infant's food behavior or infant's temperament. WAZ of 12-months after birth because of supplementary foods introduced from 6 months of age. WAZ and BMI were positively correlated with blood hemoglobin concentration. Therefore, to ensure proper growth of infants, efforts should be given to postental factors such as breast-feeding, maternal feeding attitude, adequate iron status as well as prenatal factors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(1) : 3∼11, 1998)

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2020

In order to offer specific information needed to assist in operation of a ship with same type rudder through evaluating the maneuverability of training ship A-Ra with flapped rudder, sea trials based full scale for turning test, zig-zag test with rudder angle 10° and 20°, and spiral test at service condition were carried out on starboard and port sides around Jeju Island according to the standards of maneuverability of IMO. As a result, the angular velocity of port turn was higher than that of starboard turn. Therefore, the size of turning circle was longer on the starboard side. In addition, variation of the transfer due to various factors was more stable than those of the others. In the Z-test results, the mean of 1st and 2nd overshoot angles were 9.8°, 6.3° and 15.3°, 9.2° respectively when the port and starboard was 10°; the 1st overshoot angle were 18°, 13.7° when using 20°. Her maneuverability index T' and K' can be easily determined by using a computer with the data obtained from Z-test where K' and T' are dimensionless constants representing turning ability and responsiveness to the helm, respectively. In the Z-test under flap rudder angle 10°, the obtained K' value covered the range of 2.37-2.87 and T' was 1.74-3.45. Under the flap rudder angle 20°, K' and T' value showed 1.43-1.63, 1.0-1.73, respectively. In the spiral test, the loop width was unstable at +0.3° and -0.5°-0.9° around the midship of flap rudder. As a result, course stability was comparatively good. From the sea trial results, training ship ARA met the present criterion in the standards of maneuverability of IMO.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2018

The effects of hydro-meteorological and surface variables on the frequency of Asian dust events (FAE) were investigated using ground station and satellite-based data. Present weather codes 7, 8, and 9 derived from surface synoptic observations (SYNOP)were used for counting FAE. Surface wind speed (SWS), air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and precipitation were analyzed as hydro-meteorological variables for FAE. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), and snow cover fraction (SCF) were used to consider the effects of surface variables on FAE. The relationships between FAE and hydro-meteorological variables were analyzed using Z-score and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Although all variables expressed the change of FAE, the degrees of expression were different. SWS, LST, and Ta (indices applicable when Z-score was < 0) explained about 63.01, 58.00, and 56.17% of the FAE,respectively. For NDVI, precipitation, and RH, Asian dust events occurred with a frequency of about 55.38, 67.37, and 62.87% when the Z-scores were > 0. EOF analysis for the FAE showed the seasonal cycle, change pattern, and surface influences related to dryness condition for the FAE. The intensity of SWS was the main cause for change of FAE, but surface variables such as LST, SCF, and NDVI also were expressed because wet surface conditions suppress FAE. These results demonstrate that not only SWS and precipitation, but also surface variables, are important and useful precursors for monitoring Asian dust events.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate a pilot project of the Nursing Feeding Center "Posyandu Plus" (NFCPP) through local food-based complementary feeding (LFCF) program designed to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6-36 months at community health centers in Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to obtain data regarding the nutritional status of 109 children who participated in the project from 6 rural areas. The NFCPP was conducted for 9 weeks, comprising 2 weeks of preintervention, 6 weeks of intervention, and one week of postintervention. The LFCF intervention consisted of 12 sets of recipes to be made by mothers and given to their children 4 times daily over 6 weeks. The weight-for-age z score (WAZ), height-for-age z score (HAZ), weight-for-height z score (WHZ), and body mass index-for-age z score (BAZ) were calculated using World Health Organization Anthro Plus version 1.0.3. Results: LFCF intervention significantly increased WHZ, WAZ, and BAZ scores but decreased HAZ scores (P<0.001). Average scores of WHZ ($0.96{\pm}0.97$) and WAZ ($0.45{\pm}0.72$) increased; BAZ increased ($1.12{\pm}0.93$) after 6 weeks of LFCF. WAZ scores postintervention were 50.5% of normal, and WHZ scores were 77.1% of normal. However, the HAZ score decreased by $0.53{\pm}0.52$, which indicated 57.8% had short stature. Conclusion: The NFCPP program with LFCF intervention can improve the nutritional status of children in rural areas. It should be implemented as a sustained program for better provision of complementary feeding during the period of lactation using local food made available at community health centers.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.682-689
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• 2019

본 연구는 취약계층을 대상으로 건강정도를 객관적 지표인 체질량지수를 통해 비만 정도의 지역별 격차를 공간적으로 규명해보고자 한다. 따라서 체질량지수가 공간적으로 높은 값과 낮은 값을 가지는 군집패턴을 보이는 지역을 추출하고 이 지역의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비만인구비율의 I 통계량은 0.07, z-score은 4.39으로 나타나, 공간자기상관성을 확인하였다. z-score의 경우 최대 임계값인 2.57보다 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 이는 사회취약계층 비만율이 지역별 격차를 보이며, 이러한 격차가 공간통계적으로 유의함을 의미한다. 이러한 비만 취약지역과 양호지역에 대한 지역별 환경을 비교 분석한 결과는 취약지역의 경우 대중교통성이 좋지 않고 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 공원이 적으며 단독 다세대 주택이 밀집한 지역으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 기존 연구들이 소홀했던 사회취약계층의 건강에 대하여 공간적인 시사점을 제공한다는 점에서 의미를 지닌다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to show the method of three-dimensional morphometry developed recently and to compare the accuracy of three-dimensional morphometry with those of PA cephalometry, The three-dimensional morphometry analysis program and device were developed. Steel balls (1.2mm in diameter) were attached in twenty five landmarks of artificial human skull. This artificial human skull was used as experimental materials. From three-dimensional morphometry and PA cephalometry of artificial human skull. eleven linear measurements were acquired and made into asymmetry index. Right-left differences of measurements were used as asymmetry index. These measurements and asymmetry index were compared respectively with those of actual. The results were as follows: 1. Mean difference between three-dimensional morphometry and actual artificial human skull in linear measurements was $1.99{\pm}0.37mm$, and mean difference between PA cephalometry and actual was $21.12{\pm}0.45mm$. Both of all were reduced more than those of actual. 2. Mean difference between three-dimensional morphometry and actual artificial human skull in asymmetry index was $0.07{\pm}0.42$, and mean difference between PA cephalometry and actual was $3.63{\pm}0.60$. Three-dimensional morphometry was reduced while PA cephalometry was magnified more than that of actual. 3. Each eleven asymmetry index of three-dimensional morphometry was the same negative sign as those of actuals while only N-Z, ANS-J, Tr-Go, Tr-ANS asymmetry index were the same in PA cephalometry. These results suggest that the method of three-dimensional morphometry is more accurate than those of PA cephalometry in asymmetry analysis.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.302-313
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• 2014

모래형 하천과 자갈형 하천의 어류군집 특성을 비교하기 위해 4개의 하천을 선정하여 계절별 조사를 실시하였으며, 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Acheilognathus gracilis 외 24종으로 확인되었다. 홍천강과 무주남대천의 우점종은 Zacco koreanus로 각각 39.9%, 28.4%를 차지하였으며, 양화천은 Rhodeus notatus가 13.6%, 갑천은 Z. platypus가 26.0%로 우점하였다. 군집분석 결과 우점도지수는 0.27~0.63, 다양도지수는 1.92~2.67, 균등도지수는 0.6~0.79, 풍부도지수는 3.09~3.53의 범위로 나타났으며, 우점도지수는 홍천강에서 가장 높고, 다양도, 균등도, 풍부도지수는 양화천에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 내성도 길드 분석 결과 하상구조물이 다양한 홍천강과 무주남대천은 민감종이 각각 50.1%와 46.4%로 비교적 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 모래 하상이 높은 양화천과 갑천은 민감종이 각각 0.5%와 5.3%의 희소한 비율을 차지하였다. 하천별 출현한 어류의 종별 개체수와 하상구조를 이용하여 유사도를 분석한 결과 자갈형 하천인 홍천강과 무주남대천이 종과 개체수는 50.4%, 하상구조는 95.2%로 가장 유사하였다. IBI 분석결과 홍천강과 무주남대천이 'A등급', 양화천과 갑천이 'B등급'으로 나타났고, 주성분 분석결과 자갈형 하천과 모래형 하천의 2개의 그룹으로 구분되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the various engineering properties and correlationshops among the soil constants of alluvial clayey deposits distributed in the bay of Asan and their results are summarized as follows : 1. Grain size distribution of soil was consisted of 12 % of clay, 46-73 % of silt, 2-23 % of sand, and as for the consistency characteristics, 26-36 % of liquid limit, 18-21 % of plastic limit and 6-16 % of plastic index, and so the soil belonging to as a lower plastic nonorganic clay, it's specific gravity was 2,66-2.70, and the location on the plastic chart was approximately above the A-line. Z The natural moisture content and unit weight were 30-43 % and 1.76-1.87 g I cm$_3$, respectively, and according to increment of natural moisture content, the unit weight was decreased, and the initial void ratio and degree of saturation were shown of 0,87-1119 and 92- 100 %, most of saturated. 3. Cone resistance value which was shown 2.4 - 6.5 kg / $cm^2$ was a little lower and it was increased with the depth of layer and shown the formular $q_c=0.7_z+1.32$. 4. Unconfined compression strength was about 0.18-0.43kg /$cm^2$, cu, 0.1-0.22kg / $\psi$, $2-6^{\circ}$ under uu-test condition of triaxial, and CCU, 0.08-0.3 kg/cm , $\psi$, $12-18^{\circ}$ under the condition of cu-test. 5. Pre-consolidation load of characteristics of consolidation was 0.4-0.8 kg / $cm^2$, compression index, about 0.17-0.33. 6. Liquid limit and plastic index were incresased with the increment of clay content but most of alluvial clay was appeared as a normal through non-activity clay soil shown more natural moisture content than liquid limit, and their relationship as follows : LL=0.38( cy+54.8), PI=0.836(LL -17.8), PI =0.468(LL -0.48) 7. The initial void ratio presented correlationship of positive among clay content, natural moisture content and liquid limit, and that of reverse with unit weight, and their results as follws : $e_o=0.024(w_n+0.2)$, $e_o=e_o=0.0003c_y+0.0005 LL+0.0151 W_n+\frac{3.58}{r-t}-1.52$ 8. It was shown that the compression index has correlationship of postive among the clay content, liquid limit, plastic index, natural moisture content and initial void ratio, and their relationships as follows ; $c_c=0.44(e_o-0.47)$, $c_c=0.001$

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

목 적: 폐암 환자의 정위적 체부 방사선 치료를 시행하는 동안 발생할 수 있는 표적의 움직임을 치료 중 CBCT를 사용하여 표적의 위치 변화를 재보정함으로써 긴 치료 시간에 의해 발생하는 치료 중 자세 오차를 교정하는데 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 시행한 폐암 정위적 체부 방사선 치료 시 치료 계획상 치료 Arc가 2개로 구성된 환자 14명의 데이터를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 치료 중 CBCT를 사용하여 영상을 획득하여 발생한 치료 중 자세 변화(IntraFraction Motion; IFM)를 분석하고 발생한 오차만큼 Arccheck 팬텀에 역으로 오차를 만들어 선량 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 첫번째 치료 중 CBCT의 Translation(x, y, z) 방향의 평균, 표준편차 그리고 최대 오차 값은 x(LR) 축에서 $0.16{\pm}0.05cm$, 0.72 cm, y(SI) 축에서 $0.2{\pm}0.14cm$, 1.26 cm, z(AP) 축에서 $0.24{\pm}0.08cm$, 0.82 cm로 나타났다. Rotation(x, y, z) 방향은 x(pitch) 축에서 $0.84{\pm}0.23^{\circ}$, $2.8^{\circ}$, y(yaw) 축에서 $0.72{\pm}0.23^{\circ}$, $2.5^{\circ}$, z(roll) 축에서 $0.7{\pm}0.19^{\circ}$, $2^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 두번째 치료 중 CBCT의 Translation(x, y, z) 방향의 평균, 표준편차 그리고 최대 오차 값은 x(LR) 축에서 $0.1{\pm}0.04cm$, 0.37 cm, y(SI) 축에서 $0.14{\pm}0.17cm$, 2 cm, z(AP) 축에서 $0.12{\pm}0.04cm$, 0.5 cm로 나타났다. Rotation(x, y, z) 방향은 x(pitch) 축에서 $0.45{\pm}0.12^{\circ}$, $1.3^{\circ}$, y(yaw) 축에서 $0.37{\pm}0.1^{\circ}$, $1^{\circ}$, z(roll) 축에서 $0.35{\pm}0.1^{\circ}$, $1.2^{\circ}$로 나타났다. IFM 값만큼 오차를 적용한 선량 비교에서 점 선량 값은 평균 $5.2{\pm}4.2%$의 차이가 발생했으며 감마 값은 $82.64{\pm}10.51%$로 나타났다. 결 론: 정위적 방사선 치료를 시행하는 폐암 환자의 있어서 치료 시간이 길어짐에 따라 발생하는 치료 중 자세오차의 크기를 줄이기 위해 개별 Arc CBCT를 사용해 추가적 자세 오차 교정을 하는 것이 치료 정확성과 효율성을 높일 것으로 사료된다.