• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.8-12
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• 2010

The properties of the conductor.mechanical, thermal, and electrical-are the key information in the design and optimization of superconducting coils. Particularly, in devices using second generation (2G) high temperature superconductors (HTS), whose base materials (for example, the substrate or stabilizer) and dimensions are adjustable, a design process for conductor optimization is one of the most important factors to enhance the electrical and thermal performance of the superconducting system while reducing the cost of the conductor. Recently, we developed a numerical program that can be used for 2G HTS conductor optimization. Focusing on the five major properties, viz. the electrical resistivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, Z-value, and enthalpy, the program includes an electronic database of the major base materials and calculates the equivalent properties of the 2G HTS conductors using the dimensions of the base materials as the input values. In this study, the developed program is introduced and its validity is verified by comparing the experimental and simulated results obtained with several 2G HTS conductors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4296-4309
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• 2022

Mesh and turbulence model sensitivity analyses have been performed on computational fluid dynamics simulations executed with Hydra and ANSYS Fluent for a single CANadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) 37M nuclear fuel bundle placed within a standard pressure tube. The goal of this work was to perform a methodical analysis to objectively determine an appropriate mesh and to gauge the sensitivity of different turbulence models for CANDU subchannel flow under isothermal conditions. The boundary conditions and material properties are representative of normal operating conditions in a high-powered channel of the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station. Four meshes were generated with ANSYS Workbench Meshing, ranging from 22 to 84 million cells, and analyzed here to determine an appropriate level of mesh resolution and quality. Five turbulence models were compared in the turbulence model sensitivity analysis: standard k - ε, RNG k - ε, realizable k - ε, SST k - ω, and the Reynolds Stress Model. The intent of this work was to gain confidence in mesh generation and turbulence model selection of a single bundle to inform the decision making of subsequent investigations of an entire fuel channel containing a string of twelve bundles.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 2023

During liver injury, hepatic stellate cells can differentiate into myofibroblast-like structures, which are more susceptible to proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix generation, leading to liver fibrosis. Anaerobic glycolysis is associated with activated stellate cells and glyceraldehyde (GA) is an inhibitor of glucose metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of GA in human stellate LX-2 cells. In this study, we used cell viability, morphological analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), western blotting, and qRT-PCR techniques to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of GA in LX-2 cells. The results showed that GA significantly reduced cell density and inhibited cell proliferation and lactate levels in LX-2 cells but not in Hep-G2 cells. We found that GA prominently increased the activation of caspase-3/9 for apoptosis induction, and a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, attenuated the cell death and apoptosis effects of GA, suggesting caspase-dependent cell death. Moreover, GA strongly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and notably increased the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Interestingly, it dramatically reduced α-SMA and collagen type I protein and mRNA expression levels in LX-2 cells. Thus, inhibition of ERK and JNK activation significantly rescued GA-induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis in LX-2 cells. Collectively, the current study provides important information demonstrating the anti-fibrotic effects of GA, a glycolytic metabolite, and demonstrates the therapeutic potency of metabolic factors in liver fibrosis.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 2023

Fashion design in the metaverse is not simply a 3D avatar or virtual fashion, it is an important clue for shopping trends, and the role of fashion design has grown even more because avatars and humans are identified and active. This study, I attempts to understand the metaverse platform accurately and find out the scope of fashion design within the metaverse platform. In addition, we want to provide basic data that can expand the field by using fashion design in various ways on the metabus platform. This study investigated and analyzed various metaverse fashion cases, articles, software, and methods used by metaverse fashion creators, and the results are as follows. First, the metaverse platform is a new level of virtual interaction where users and creators communicate through the convergence of augmented reality, lifelogging, mirror world, and virtual world. Second, most of the users of the metaverse platform are generation Z, and metaverse creators who make money by producing avatars or items, including fashion design, are emerging as a new job field. Third, many fashion brands created spaces on the Metaverse platform, collaborated with games, or opened fashion weeks for publicity, marketing, and sales. Fourth, as a 3D program for metaverse fashion creator activities, open-source software is easier and free of charge compared to programs for fashion design specialists, and most costumes can be reproduced, so it will be easier for fashion design majors to utilize.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1137-1156
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• 2023

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the fashion industry has simplified the production process and overcome the technical difficulties of design. This study anticipates likely changes in the digital age and develops a model that will allow consumers to design textile patterns using AI technology. Previous studies and industrial examples of AI technology's use in the textile design industry were investigated, and a textile pattern was developed using an AI algorithm. A new textile design model was then proposed based on its application to both virtual and physical clothing. Inspired by traditional Korean masks and props, AI technology was used to input color data from open application programming interface images. By inserting these into various repeating structures, a textile design was developed and simulated as garments for both virtual and real garments. We expect that this study will establish a new textile design development method for Generation Z, who favor customized designs. This study can inform the use of personalization in generative textile design as well as the systemization of technology-driven methods for customized and participatory textile design.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.418-426
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• 2023

This study focused on nitrous oxide, a major greenhouse gas produced in agricultural settings through bacterial nitrogen oxidation in aerobic soil. Nitrogen fertilizer in farmland is identified as a primary source of nitrous oxide. The importance of reducing excess nitrogen in soil to mitigate nitrous oxide production is well-known. The study investigated the use of liquefied pig manure as an alternative to urea fertilizer in conventional agriculture. Results showed a more than two-fold reduction in nitrous oxide emissions in pepper cultivation areas with liquefied pig manure compared to that with urea fertilizer. The population of Nitrosospira, a nitrous oxide-producing bacterium, decreased by over 10% with liquefied pig manure. Additionally, nirK and nosZ, which are related to the denitrification process, significantly increased in the urea fertilizer group, whereas levels in the liquefied pig manure group resembled those with no nitrogen treatment. In conclusion, the experiment confirmed that liquefied pig manure can serve as an eco-friendly nitrogen fertilizer, significantly reducing nitrous oxide production, a major contributor to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.64-76
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• 2024

We study three sports media start-ups that seek to promote business model innovation (BMI) in which Web 3.0 and metaverse are converged. In results, LM starts from an innovative digital space platform offering a unique combination of virtual real estate, games, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) which come with real-world earning potential. It creates value by integrating virtual real estate, training academies, blockchain games, and meta shops to offer a unique experience, capture value by offering monetization tools for buying and trading limited edition NFTs of favorite influencers from various sports leagues, offering access to premier real-world events and VIP game contests, and delivers value by building community to play games with favorite athletes or teams including trivia games, allowing fans to engage with their favorite athletes in a unique exclusive way. SL starts from the customizable digital identities especially for young sports fans like generation (gen) Z to play, hang out, and express themselves with their own avatars. SI starts from a leading Web3.0 metaverse innovator creating NFTs with the greatest athletes of all time, allowing athletes and creators to set up a profile and mint NFTs directly onto the blockchain. It tries to have the partnerships with great athletes revolutionizing the sports media industry to connect sports heroes and their super fans through an immersive, artistic, inspirational NFTs and unlockable content creating a sticky community between them.

• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.1105-1110
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• 2020

Due to air pollution, global warming and energy shortage demands new clean energy conversion technologies. The conversion of industrial waste heat into useful electricity using thermoelectric (TE) technology is a promising method in recent decades. Still, its applications are limited by the low efficiency of TE materials in the operating range between 400-600 K. In this work, we have fabricated Cu_0.005Bi_0.5Sb_1.495Te₃ powder using a single step gas atomization process followed by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures (623, 673, 723, and 773 K), and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The variation of sintering temperature showed a significant impact on the grain size. The Seebeck coefficient values at room temperature increased significantly from 127 µVK to 151 µV/K with increasing sintering temperature from 623 K to 723 K due to decreased carrier concentration. The maximum Z T values for the four samples were similar in the range between 1.15 to 1.18 at 450 K, which suggest these materials could be used for power generation in the mid-temperature range (400-600 K).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present efficient methods of preserving and managing the fish shelter forest in Mulgun-ri on the southern coast of Korea on the basis of its humanistic, sociological and ecological characteristics. The study object is Korean natural monument No. 150, which is presumed to have been forested by descendants of Jeonju Lee Family who settled there, and village rituals are held every October to pray for the peace of the village. The forest is managed by Namhae-gun as a historical and cultural resource as well as its disaster-preventing, economic, and environmental and ecological functions. The linear form of the area is $23,962.6m^2$ and farmland(48.5%) and urbanization area(38.2%) are extensively located in its periphery area. Actual vegetation was sub-classified into three types of land according to use pressure and whether or not damage was done: land where its stratification was formed; land where it was restored, and the land where it was damaged. Plant communities were sub-classified into Aphananthe aspera community(I) and Zelkova serrata community(II) which had a low use pressure; Z. serrata-Chionanthus retusa-A. aspera community(III) and A. aspera-Z. serrata community(IV) which had a high use pressure; and Celtis sinensis-A. aspera community(V) whose underlayer was damaged by use. Fragmentation of the forest is under way and its inside vegetation growth is hampered due to the installation of traffic and resting facilities such as the through roads costal roads, wooden-deck walkways, parking lots, washstands, etc. As a restoration management plan for this, the following were required: an establishment of preferred restoration area; a selection of restoration vegetation species; and an appropriate restoration method. The damaged area($7,868.2m^2$) will have to be set up as the preferred restoration area; seedlings of restored vegetation species should be raised with dominant species within the forest(i.e., Z. serrata, A. aspera, C. sinensis, and C. retusa) as their 'mother trees' for the benefit of for the next-generation forest; and sub-tree and shrub layer should be complementarily planted with 5 and 115 trees(unit $100m^2$) respectively to facilitate the formation of a multi-layered vegetation structure. In addition, resting facilities scattered inside the forest should be demolished; and indiscriminate use of them should be controlled; management and monitoring should be carried out so that the area can be preserved and restored as a deciduous broad-leaved forest.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to test the efficiency of genomic selection for milk production traits in a Korean Holstein cattle population. Methods: A total of 506,481 milk production records from 293,855 animals (2,090 heads with single nucleotide polymorphism information) were used to estimate breeding value by single step best linear unbiased prediction. Results: The heritability estimates for milk, fat, and protein yields in the first parity were 0.28, 0.26, and 0.23, respectively. As the parity increased, the heritability decreased for all milk production traits. The estimated generation intervals of sire for the production of bulls (L_SB) and that for the production of cows (L_SC) were 7.9 and 8.1 years, respectively, and the estimated generation intervals of dams for the production of bulls (L_DB) and cows (L_DC) were 4.9 and 4.2 years, respectively. In the overall data set, the reliability of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) increased by 9% on average over that of estimated breeding value (EBV), and increased by 7% in cows with test records, about 4% in bulls with progeny records, and 13% in heifers without test records. The difference in the reliability between GEBV and EBV was especially significant for the data from young bulls, i.e. 17% on average for milk (39% vs 22%), fat (39% vs 22%), and protein (37% vs 22%) yields, respectively. When selected for the milk yield using GEBV, the genetic gain increased about 7.1% over the gain with the EBV in the cows with test records, and by 2.9% in bulls with progeny records, while the genetic gain increased by about 24.2% in heifers without test records and by 35% in young bulls without progeny records. Conclusion: More genetic gains can be expected through the use of GEBV than EBV, and genomic selection was more effective in the selection of young bulls and heifers without test records.