• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2021

This study examines representations of children and youths in TV commercials both quantitatively (May 2019-April 2020) and qualitatively (thirteen relevant cases). The study's case analyses explore the representation of the 'sexual objectification' of girls, the 'sexual spectacle' of female adolescents, representations that reinforce stereotypes of femininity/masculinity, and the objectification of girls to elicit sympathy for the purposes of raising donations. This study reveals that TV commercials and existing advertisements adhere to representations of established gender roles. This dichotomous representation of gender is problematic since it functions as the starting point of various sexual crimes and gender inequality. For example, most of the victims of the sexual exploitation incident called 'Room Number, N', which shocked Korean society, were female adolescents. These adolescents were seen as men's sexual objects because of this kind of dichotomous thinking. TV commercials are part of the binary representation of deep-rooted stereotypes regarding femininity and masculinity. This study problematizes this representation in order to surpass its limitations. Moreover, an alternative mode of thinking is suggested through the theory of Deleuze and Guattari.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to increase understanding of agriculture through agricultural experience programs for adolescents living in self-reliance residence hall, and to investigate changes in work performance ability through changes in hand function. Methods: There were 11 subjects, and the average age was 18.2 years, all males without disabilities. The agricultural experience program consists of a total of 10 sessions including orientation and watching videos on future agriculture, creating vegetable gardens, planting, managing each crop, harvesting, visiting the processing room, and selling at a local food store. Results: The change in agricultural literacy by the agricultural experience program positively improved from a score of 113.73 to 127.91 (p = .008). The changes by sub-item are as follows. The value and safety of agri-foods (p = .020) and agriculture and natural environment (p = .007) were significantly improved. The function and value of rural areas (p = .050), production of agricultural products (p = .160), processing and distribution of agricultural products (p = .248), and agricultural policies (p = .058) were not significantly changed. The simple function of the hands was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 30 seconds, and the assembly function was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 60 seconds. In the case of simple function, the dominant hand was improved from 14.82 to 15.83 (p = .014), andthe non-dominant hand was also significantly improved from 13.79 to 15.01 (p = .002). There was no significant improvement in the simple function (p = .153) and assembly function (p = .770) of both hands. Conclusion: It is considered that the agricultural experience program will enable youths living in self-reliance residence halls to enhance their understanding of agriculture as an occupation, and enable them to play a role as wise consumers by positively affecting improvements in their agricultural literacy and simple hand functions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

Adolescence is a period when ego resilience, the ability to overcome stress, is important because self-identity is not established. Culture and arts education has various effects on the ego resilience of adolescents, so school culture arts education and social culture arts education use teaching and learning methods appropriate to the situation of adolescents. Self-understanding of the effects of culture and arts education has a significant effect on emotional control, vitality, interpersonal relationships, optimism, and curiosity of adolescent ego resilience, On the other hand, it was found that emotional stability among the effects of culture and arts education did not have a significant effect on all factors of adolescent ego resilience. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a plan to provide opportunities for career exploration as a more practical program for adolescence to understand themselves and develop themselves. In addition, Culture and arts education should be conducted with convergence research that enables youths to maintain good relationships with others, have high self-confidence, and play a role in a wide range of stable and mature lives.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.450-463
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adolescents who skip breakfast have an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the intake of rice-based breakfast had positive effects on blood glucose indices and to determine the possibility of diabetes prevalence in Korean youths who habitually skip breakfast. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this randomized parallel-group controlled trial, 81 subjects who were suitable for compliance among 105 middle-and high-school students aged 12-18 years who usually skipped breakfast were included in this study (rice-meal group [RMG], n = 26; wheat-meal group [WMG], n = 29; general-meal group [GMG], n = 26). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and a wheat-based breakfast for 12 weeks, respectively. The anthropometric indices, blood glucose indices, and metabolites were measured at baseline and the endpoint, respectively. RESULTS: The mean body weights in the RMG, WMG, and GMG groups at the endpoint were 62.44 kg, 61.80 kg, and 60.28 kg, respectively, and the mean body weights of the WMG and GMG groups at the endpoint were significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.05). The levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly decreased in the RMG group at the endpoint compared to baseline (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The levels of tryptophan and tyrosine in the WMG group at the endpoint were significantly higher than that those at baseline (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Rice-based breakfast has positive effects on fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast. Additionally, it was found that a skipping breakfast could increase the prevalence of diabetes in adolescents who skip breakfast. Therefore, in addition to reducing breakfast skipping, it is vital to develop a rice-based menu that fits teenage preferences to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2024

Objectives: Although adolescents appear less vulnerable to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the side effects of this pandemic can still be devastating. Bullying and suicidality are significant global issues with detrimental effects on young people, particularly during school closure. This study aimed to identify the relationship between bullying and suicide risk among adolescents in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 14-18 years in May 2020 in Bandung, Indonesia, using a web-based closed survey. The Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised were used to measure bullying and risk of suicide. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: This study included 268 participants in 2020 and 175 participants in 2019. In 2020, the prevalence of perpetrators and victims of bullying combined was 74.6%. Meanwhile, in 2019, the prevalence of perpetrators and victims of bullying combined was 82.9%. Risk of suicide increased from 26.1% in 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) to 36.5% in 2020 (during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). The risk of perpetrators and suicide victims was higher than that of perpetrators and victims alone (odds ratio [OR]=4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5-6.6 vs. OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0-2.9 and OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.8, respectively). Conclusion: Bullying can enhance the likelihood of suicide among adolescents in Indonesia, and the risk was highest for the combination of victims and perpetrators. It is very important to provide early risk prediction for youths with bullying behavior and improve the knowledge and understanding of families and schools regarding the negative effects of bullying behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2001

The focus of the research was on identifying the risk factors that may result in unprepared intercourse among the adolescent from an ecological systems prospective. A survey questionnaire was conducted from September through December 1999 to 2326 youths, ages from 13-18 years old. After eliminating thirty respondents from Unwed Mother's Home we found that 8.8% of the remaining respondents had experienced sexual intercourse. Of those, 5% of the female and 13.4% of male adolescents has had sexual intercourse, showing 2.7 times more for the male sample population. Broken down to age groups, 3.2% of the thirteen years old group and 19.2% of the eighteen years old group had experienced intercourse, an almost six fold increase in the older age group. To find out the differences between those who had and not had experienced intercourse the group was then divided into two comparative groups by same sex and age variables. Findings from comparative analysis identified five ecological system risk factors among the youth sample that had intercourse；First, individual factor：adolescents who thought less of themselves or didn't consider their potentials, those more exposed other risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, drugs, runaway and come in contact with pornography, those who thought they knew more about sex and etc. Second, family factor：those who thought family was less important, had less supportive family, higher or lower income family and etc. Third, peer factor：Both groups thought friends were important and had their support. The group with intercourse experience seems to be think that more peers are experiencing other risk behavior. Fourth, school factor：Those in the group who had experienced intercourse seems to think school is less important and with lower academic achievements. Fifth, community factor：There were no statistical significant differences found between the two groups. The overall results from this study implies that if we want to prevent our youths from having unprepared intercourse during adolescence the significance of having meaningful emerging self, family relationship and school experience is important. This study identified the risk factors leading to adolescent sexual intercourse but further research is necessary in finding out about their predictability.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.223-253
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Korean classic novel "Shimcheong-jeon" has transformed in juvenile literature since the 2000s. Classical novels are far from modern and temporal, differ from modern cultures. Classic novels are also different from the lives and thoughts of modern children. It is therefore difficult for modern child readers to easily understand or agree with classical novels. In order for classical novels to have the meaning in the present, it is necessary to pay attention to the encounter between classical novels and children's literature. In the case of "Shimcheong-jeon", unlike other classical novels, there are many creative fairy tales. There are seven kinds of fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon". They are diverse in genres such as picture books, fairy tales, and juvenile fiction, and are intended for a variety of ages. These works are described in various perspectives such as, Shimcheong who is full of desire, Shim Hakgyu who is disabled, Ppaengdeog's mother who has maternity and subjectivity, The dragon of the dragon king and Byeogdeog who loves Shimcheong, and Shin Cheong who has a dream. The themes of the works vary. So, These works extend our expectations for classical literature. Fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon" reflect the lives of children and youths, this is important because it can reduce the distance between classical novels and children and youth readers. Classical novels are modernized and give new meaning to modern children and youths. And it reflects the characteristics of the novels of Pansori's "Shimcheong-jeon", preserving the value of classics. Tears of Paengdeok is a story that explains the origin of Pansori "Shimcheong-ga", and inserts some lyrics of Pansori, in the case of Cheong, Cheong, Pansori style is used. Although humor is the greatest feature of pansori, there are few of Fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon". It is a direction to worry and to orient when transforming "Shimcheong-jeon" into a fairy tale.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.9-37
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• 2020

The present study examines the transnational "Hallyu" (the Korean wave) phenomenon after the 1990s in the context of a solidarity movement of East Asian women. It also focuses on the passion for the world stage given the cultural industry was supported by the government as a "chimney-less factory" during the IMF financial crisis. Over the past twenty years and through Hallyu 1.0, Hallyu 2.0, and Hallyu 3.0, "K-entertainment" has been advocated, as a concept that encompasses K-drama, K-pop, etc. in the cultural industry. Furthermore, everything Korean, through K-culture, is being put at the forefront. However, there is insufficient discussion regarding the actions of the women who led the Korean wave. This paper examines the female fans and girl groups who played leading roles in the rise of popular culture and its transnational prominence within the context of the female agency and female labor involved. The lack of acknowledgment of their roles is linked to the current erasure of the discussion on the female youth. Discussion on "woman" is still limited to the domain of reproduction in the generational discussion that has replaced the existing nation-state or class led discussions in the current era of neoliberalism. However, since The reboot or the popularity of feminism in recent years, the interest in the female narrative, in works such as 'Kim Ji-young, Born 1982' has been expanding beyond East Asia to the rest of the world. Just as Hallyu was created by women in the beginning, there is a new trend in which women across national borders are joining in solidarity. As such, the present study attempts to prove that the female fan, girl group, and female youths must be one meta-narrative through a feminist reading, rather than individuals with separate identities.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2008

Objectives: This study examined to explain the practical health behaviour and health-related quality of life, and their influencing factors in high school students. Methods: Total of 718 high school students from 1 school in Seoul were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire regarding general characteristics, health related characteristics, obesity index(Height and weight calculated by using the relative weight law: obesity group>20%, overweight group $10{\sim}20%$, normal weight group $-10{\sim}10%$, under weight group <-10%), health behaviour in school-aged children(eating, exercise and weight control) and health-related quality of life(PedsQLTM4.0 Generic Core Scale: physical health, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning). Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The rate of obesity by obesity index was 5.3% of high school students. Obesity incidence in adolescents was mainly associated with gender and parents whether obesity. 2. Perceived health status was lower in obese adolescents than in normal adolescents. 3. The rate of miss a breakfast was 37.9%, and obesity group than normal weight group were fruits, vegetables and milk intake at least, a lot of fastfood intake. During the past week, followed by intense physical activity, and overweight consumed a lot of time for TV and the Internet. Overall, under weight group and normal weight group belong to the students evaluated fatter than themselves. Weight control for weight loss, gain and maintain was grater in obesity group than in normal weight group. Weight loss showed highest scores in overweight group which appeared significant difference. 4. Obese adolescents compared with other groups, reported lower total QOL score and all QOL in domain, and especially social functioning showed significant differences. 5. Factors influencing the adolescents's QOL were found to be gender, perceived health status and exercise. Conclusions: High school girls were aware of their bad health status and likely to improve the QOL by practicing health behaviour. But obese adolescents were likely to degrade the quality of life by reducing the practice of health behaviors. So further school-based education about proper practical health behaviors and obesity prevention is necessary.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study is to establish anatomical dimension of the nose and nostril shape in Korean twenties. Methods: Authors measured anthropometry of nose in Korean youths 1,000 individuals (male 363, female 637) and analyzed stastically them. Results: The mean measurements are as follows. 1. The shape of nostrils was classified into 7 types by the angle between both long axis of nostril (male / female). Type I ($<40^{\circ}$)1.7% / 1.72%, Type II ($41-70^{\circ}$) 26.17% / 29.35%, Type III ($71-100^{\circ}$) 39.94% / 38.77%, Type IV (unclassified) 3.85% / 5.80%, Type V ($101-130^{\circ}$) 20.93% / 17.89%, Type VI ($131-180^{\circ}$) 7.43% / 5.96%, Type VII ($>180^{\circ}$) 0% / 0.47% 2. Lengths (male/female) Width of nasal root: $25.29{\pm}2.25mm/24.72{\pm}2.40mm$ Width of nose: $37.63{\pm}2.46mm/34.77{\pm}2.11mm$ Width of columella: $7.18{\pm}0.92mm/6.92{\pm}0.86mm$ Width of alar: $4.99{\pm}1.00mm/4.74{\pm}0.91mm$ Width of nostril floor: $10.98{\pm}1.40mm/10.13{\pm}1.73mm$ Protrusion of nasal tip: $17.12{\pm}1.95mm/16.88{\pm}1.84mm$ Length of alar: $27.10{\pm}2.21mm/24.66{\pm}2.18mm$ Length of nasal root: $17.37{\pm}2.51mm/16.08{\pm}2.90mm$ Depth of nasal root: $7.83{\pm}1.63mm/6.82{\pm}1.36mm$ Length of columella: $8.13{\pm}1.40mm/7.30{\pm}1.46mm$ Height of nose: $60.50{\pm}8.90mm/59.14{\pm}9.22mm$ Height of nasal bridge: $52.68{\pm}7.49mm/50.57{\pm}7.71mm$ 3. Angles Nasofacial angle: $30.19{\pm}3.43^{\circ}/29.13{\pm}6.31^{\circ}$ Nasofrontal angle: $134.88{\pm}7.25^{\circ}/139.94{\pm}6.33^{\circ}$ Nasolabial angle: $95.08{\pm}8.95^{\circ}/95.80{\pm}8.93^{\circ}$ 4. Nasal index: $72.60{\pm}9.57%/68.21{\pm}7.03%$ Nasal tip protrusion-nasal height index: $45.64{\pm}5.21%/47.09{\pm}5.21%$ Nasal tip protrusion-nasal width index: $32.61{\pm}6.83%/31.63{\pm}6.71%$ Conclusion: These data could be useful reference for anthropometry of nose in Korean twenties.