• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

We studied the mineral composition and mineral distribution pattern of 131 surface sediments collected at the cruise in 2000 and 2007 from Southeastern Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea and Southern part of Jeju Island. Mineral compositions of surface sediments were determined using the quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Surface sediments were composed of rock forming minerals (quartz 37.4%, plagioclase 11.7%, alkali feldspar 5.5%, hornblende 3.1%), clay minerals (illite 19.2%, chlorite 4.7%, kaolinite 1.8%) and carbonate minerals (calcite 10.7%, aragonite 3.4%). Distribution of clay minerals is very similar with fine-grained sediments, and especially same as the distribution of HSMD (Hucksan Mudbelt Deposit), SSKMD (South Sea of Korea Mudbelt Deposit) and JJMD (Jeju Mudbelt Deposit). The coarse sediment seemed to be relic sediment during the last glacial maximum and mainly consisted of rock forming minerals. Whereas the fine sediments mainly composed of clay minerals. Based on the clay mineral composition, main ocean current and geographical factor, HSMD and SSKMD might have derived from the rivers around the Korean Peninsula. However, JJMD is complex mudbelt deposit, which formed by Korean rivers and oceanic sediments.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

The main compositions of "Seokganju", a Korean traditional red mineral pigment, are iron oxides. To investigate its mineralogical and functional properties, we had got its ore from Juto cave in Ulreoung island, which was a famous field of it in Korean documents. The ore occurs as a paleosol between the olivine basalt and amphibole trachyte in discontinuously. It is reddish brown and yellowish brown and consists mainly of clay minerals with minor debris. Its reddish and yellowish brown color are due to the hematite and ferrihydrate, respectively. These iron oxides are precipitated as ferrihydrate from the ferrous water in the paleosol and partly changed to hematite. The color reproduced in timber by using seokganju pigment with traditional tools and methods is similar to that in heritage building. The moistureproofing and fire resistance of Ulreungdo seokganju is far better than that of artificial seokganju. Moreover, the combustion tests show that the artificial seokganju promote the ignition and combustion of the timber. Ulreungdo seokganju is regarded as a pigment with fungicidal efficacy because growth of two wood decay fungi (cov. and typ.) are inhibited in solid medium with it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.536-542
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• 2015

This study was examined for the growth response of tree diameter and volume to thinning treatments from different thinning intensities using three long-term thinning trials for Japanese Evergreen Oak (Quercus acuta Thunb.) stands in Wando island, Korea. After thinning in 1999, annual tree growth of diameter and volume was highest in heavy thinned stands for individual tree and this growth pattern of thinning response showed similar tendency to the individual tree growth response in light thinned stands. By increasing diameter growth, the value of H/D ratio (HDR) as an indicator of stem form was properly decreased and improved up to 80%. Although there is significant growth response of basal area in both heavily and lightly thinned stands, the growth potential both of heavily and lightly thinned stands in total stand volume is not likely to reach at the level of unthinned stands because of basal area growth loss associated with both light and heavy thinnings.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2014

Mt. Hallasan in Jejudo has been well known as a habitat for both northern and southern limited butterflies and attracts the interests of many lepidopterists. In this study, the line transect method was used to monitor the community and similarity of butterflies monthly monitoring from May to September 2013, and the results were compared with the previous data. Through monitoring, 3,397 individuals in 26 species of 5 families were found in the present study. The monitored individuals belonging to 4 species (Aphantopus hyperantus, Eumenis autono, Lethe diana and Melanargia epimede) was 2,578 (75.9%), showing the prevalent species among the butterflies observed in the grassy area of the Mt. Hallasan. The butterflies inhabiting Mt. Hallasan showed higher similarity in the area where the open grassy space and the crowns of tree layer coexist than in landscape consisting of solely the tree layer or open grassy space. The habitation of butterflies by heights showed the altitudes between 1,665 to 1,700 m, located beneath the Baekrokdam (the crater) of Mt. Hallasan, possessed the most species and individuals. And it was also observed that the species that previously inhabited the subalpine zone moved to the area of higher altitudes together with the species that previously inhabited rather lower altitudes than the subalpine zone.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2012

We examined plants that were used as temple food in Jeju from May 2011 to January 2012. Thirty-six temples participated in the study, and there were 58 questionnaire respondents. Fifty-seven taxa were used as temple food, which belonged to 27 families, 51 genera, 55 species, and two varieties. The most commonly used family-based taxa were eight species of Compositae, six species of Cruciferae, and four species of Umbelliferae. Ten species of woody plants and 25 species of Jeju native plants were also used as temple food. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by the root, leaflet, and fruit. A patent search showed that most of the surveyed plants were covered by intellectual property rights. Forty-eight species had food-related patents, 34 species had cosmetics-related patents, and 38 species had medicine-related patents. The purchase and procurement of Jeju temple food plants usually depended on the market or plant cultivation rather than the use of the plants. Gathering of wild herbs for temple food has been performed on a limited basis. Therefore, collecting traditional knowledge for the use of Jeju plant resources should be conducted under different conditions rather than through a temple-related study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.439-439
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 색달하수처리장 방류수를 농업용수 및 조경용수 등으로 활용하기 위해 하수 처리수 재이용 사업 타당성을 분석하고자 한다. 색달하수처리장 하수재이용사업은 제주도의 지하수자원 보존과 수자원 이용의 고도화 및 방류수 재이용을 통한 갈수기 농업용수 보급으로 물자원(지하수)을 절약하고자 색달하수처리장을 대상으로 하수처리수를 농업용수로 공급하는 사업이다. 대상지역은 서귀포시 예래동에 위치하고 있으며, 중문관광단지가 소재한 마을로 제주관광의 중심지이다. 서귀포시의 총 인구는 153,797명이며 하수도 보급률은 77.7%이다('10 제주특별자치도 통계연보). 색달하수처리장이 위치한 예래동의 농지면적이 1,122ha이며, 밭(772.6)과 과수원(280.2) 등 제주도의 전형적인 농촌마을이다. 대상지역의 주요작물은 감귤, 무, 마늘, 양배추 등이 많이 재배된다. 제주도는 연평균 강수량이 1,832.6mm로 전국평균 1,274 mm 보다 많은 편이며, 월별 강수량은 6~8월까지 3개월 동안 연 강우량의 44%정도가 내려 여름 장마철에 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 대상지구의 필요수량은 농업생산정비 계획설계기준에 제시된 방법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 지구내 재이용수를 공급할 관정 4개소의 총 설계 채수량은 $2,916m^3/day$, 급수면적은 125.0ha이며, 10년한발(가뭄)시 안정적인 농업용수 공급을 위하여 $4,964m^3/day$(농업용수 $3,834m^3/day$, 조경용수 $1,130m^3/day$)이 필요하다. 하수처리수 재이용을 위한 처리시설의 연간 유지관리비는 인건비, 전력비, 시설물 내구연한을 고려하여 적용 하였으며, 상수도 생산비 절감 비용과 하수재이용수 생산단가를 통한 단위 편익을 산정하면 401.5원/$m^3$ 이다. 연차별 수익으로 산정하여 비용 편익 비율(B/C Ratio)을 나타내면 1.22로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터, 대상지구의 수자원여건, 입지여건, 장래 수요, 등을 고려할 때, 제주 색달 하수처리장의 하수처리수의 농업용수재이용 사업은 타당성이 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 특히 이 지역은 관광단지의 조경용수 수요(중문골프장 등)가 있어 용수의 유료공급이 가능하고 이를 유지관리비로 충당할 수 있어 타지역에 비해 사업의 경제성과 환경보전성이 매우 크다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-158
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• 2013

In this study, the projection of future heating and cooling degree days (HDDs and CDDs) has been conducted over South Korea for the period 1996~2005 with 2046~2055 and 2091~2100, using CCSM3 and MM5 simulations driven by the six IPCC SRES emission scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2). Annual mean surface air temperature increases by $1.2{\sim}3.4^{\circ}C$ at the end of the 21st century comparing to the present-day (1996~2005) in South Korea. HDDs decrease by 8~25% and CDDs increase up to 242~1,448% with corresponding changes in temperature. These increases and decreases also change the duration of HDDs and CDDs. HDDs duration decreases by 1 month, while the expansion of CDDs duration is much longer than 2 months. Thus, projected future HDDs and CDDs changes appear that cooling energy demand in summer season would increase and heating energy demand in winter would decrease in the future. Especially, these remarkable changes would be obvious at high mountain area, Gangwon-do and at south area, Jeju island. In the sense of future energy supply and policy, electrical energy for cooling in summer could be getting much more its importance rather than fossil energy used for heating in winter.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2009

The study was conducted from Jan. 11 to Jan. 12 2008 on 17 areas which were the wintering area of Aegypius monachus and where the birds were observed. In the study, a total of 1,912 individuals were observed to winter in the areas, which was larger than any previous observation. The study found that 1,500 individuals wintered in the central region of Korea including Gyeonggido and Kangwondo, which accounted for 78.45%, and 412 individuals (21.55%) in the southern region such as Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeannam and Jejudo (Island). Given the number of individuals wintering by region, Jangdan Peninsula (777 individuals), Cheorwon (488 individuals) and Sancheonggun(193 individuals) were mostly found. In comparison with the previous studies, 20-30% of the individuals have moved south since 2006. This movement might be attributed to the suspension of feeding campaigns, but the birds still crowded some specific areas.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in species composition of estuarine fauna in the Han River estuary was determined by analyzing monthly samples collected on the intertidal flat of Ganghwa Island by a fence net from April to December 2009. Total number of species was 57: 34 species of fishes, 20 species of crustacean, 2 species of cephalopods and 1 species of jellyfish. Of a total of 57 species, Portunus trituberculatus (57.2%), Palaemon gravieri (7.1%), Collichthys lucidus (7.0%), Hemigrapsus sanguineus (6.2%) and Exopalaemon carinicauda (4.7%) were predominated in abundance. Diverse species were occurred in spring and autumn, and abundance was high in autumn. Chelon haematocheilus, Synechogobius hasta, Co ilia nasus, P. gravieri and E. carinicauda were classified as the brackish residence species. P. trituberculatus, C. lucidus, Mugil cephalus and Cynoglossus joyneri were coastal migratory species which use the estuary as nursing and feeding grounds. Diadromous species (such as Takifogu obscurus, Anguilajaponica and Eriocheir sinensis) and freshwater fish (Carassius auratus) were also collected.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.550-558
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and the population dynamics of Hipparchia autonoe by using a line transect and Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) at the Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. The results showed that H. autonoe was found from 1,500 m above the sea level. Total 1,493 H. autonoe with 978 males and 515 females were captured and released in the MRR study site. Among them, 518 individuals including 284 males and 234 females were recaptured. The average survival time was 2.31 days with 2.14 days for males and 3.47 days for females, indicating longer survival time in case of females than males. The daily population size of males estimated in the MRR study site was maintained about 1,000 individuals in July and gradually decreased less than 200 in August. The number of females showed peak at 335 individuals on July 24, and gradually decreased less than 120 in August. Thus, female population was 1/3 of males. The average travel distance of male and female H. autonoe were $116.8{\pm}191.9m$ and $118.4{\pm}161.5m$, respectively, indicating almost same between sexes. H. autonoe in the Mt. Halla formed single population group in the wide meadow around the Baekrokdam Lake. The highest population density of H. autonoe was occurred in the restored area from damages, where host plants such as the sheep's fescue or the food plant are abundant by artificial restoration efforts.