• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Gastrodia elata has a very low pollination rate in natural state, and even in artificial cultivation, there are very few individuals that bloom due to the degeneration, so little studies have been conducted. This study confirmed that the potential as a cosmetic ingredient by evaluating the antioxidant activity through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, and the moisturizing activity through the effect on promoting hyaluronic acid production by artificially flowering G. elata flower. It was also confirmed that the appearance rate and flowering rate of G. elata harvested in spring were high, and the content of gastrodin was 0.36%. The IC50 value of G. elata flower extract was 0.045% and it was confirmed that G. elata flower extract had higher radical scavenging activity than G. elata root extract. The NO production inhibitory activity against the flower extract showed a significant inhibitory effect from 1% to 83.2%. Hyaluronic acid production promotion efficacy was not confirmed in the G. elata root extract, but the production rate increased with concentration dependence in the flower extract, and it was the highest at 46.9% when 0.02% treatment was performed. Based on the above research results, it is judged that G. elata flower extract has high potential for use as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin moisturizing cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The starfish, Asterina pectinifera Muller and Troschel (Asterinidae) is an indigenous species commonly found in all coasts of Korea causes damages to shellfish farms. In order to exterminate A. pectinifera, they are dried and used as fertilizer. Although various studies have been conducted to create high added value from the retrieved A. pectinifera, their actual utilization is relatively low. Accordingly, this study aimed to find new practical uses of starfish by identifying useful ingredients for skin anti-aging. Two polyhydroxysteroids and one asterosaponin were isolated from the A. pectinifera. The structures of these compounds were identified as $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\alpha},16{\beta},26$-heptol, $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},4{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\beta},16{\beta},2$6-octol, and asterosaponin $P_1$ on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Among these compounds, we have found that asterosaponin $P_1$ increased epidermal stem cell proliferation and the expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 and hyaluronan synthase-3 gene, which are enzymes that synthesize water-binding matrix hyaluronic acids in keratinocytes. In addition, asterosaponin $P_1$ increased synthesis of pro-collagen type I, a major dermal collagen in fibroblasts. As a result, asterosaponin $P_1$ isolated from A. pectinifera could be used as a useful cosmetic ingredient that improves skin symptoms accompanying skin aging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2019

Lips have a defect in maintenance of moisture due to their thin layer. As aging progresses, lips lose volume and redness, and become wrinkled. Fat grafting and filler surgery have been used to achieve attractive lips, but little research has been reported to develop better materials to replace the present methods. Recently, a study suggests that the increase of adipocyte number can be enhancing the expansion endogenous fat. In previous study, we identified that the efficacy of Magnolia officinalis bark extract (MOBE) was effective on the induction of adipogenic differentiation. In this study, we confirmed that MOBE enhanced the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells on the fat mimic 3D structure built by 3D bioprinting method From further experiments in human, we established a method to quantify the severity of lip wrinkle by measurement of standard deviation of gray value using Image J software. Finally, we found that topical treatment with 1% MOBE formulated lip balm significantly improved the lip wrinkle after using for 12 weeks. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MOBE has great potential, as a cosmetic ingredient, to reduce the lip wrinkle through the effect of promoting adipogenic differentiation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.791-804
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• 2020

Residential electricity consumption can be predicted more accurately by utilizing the realtime household electricity consumption reference that can be collected by the AMI as the ICT developed under the smart grid circumstance. This paper studied the model that predicts residential power load using the ARIMA, TBATS, NNAR model based on the data of hour unit amount of household electricity consumption, and unlike forecasting the consumption of the whole households at once, it computed the anticipated amount of the electricity consumption by aggregating the predictive value of each established model of cluster that was collected by the households which show the similiar load profile. Especially, as the typical time series data, the electricity consumption data chose the clustering analysis method that is appropriate to the time series data. Therefore, Dynamic Time Warping and Periodogram based method is used in this paper. By the result, forecasting the residential elecrtricity consumption by clustering the similiar household showed better performance than forecasting at once and in summertime, NNAR model performed best, and in wintertime, it was TBATS model. Lastly, clustering method showed most improvements in forecasting capability when the DTW method that was manifested the difference between the patterns of each cluster was used.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was intended to reveal the chemical profiles of aerial(leaf, stem) and underground(rhizome, radix) parts of wild ginseng, and to investigate their anti-aging effects on human skin cells. Methods : Wild ginseng, estimated for over 20 years, was divided into the aerial and underground parts. Total phenolic contents of each extracts were measured using a Folin-ciocalteu method. The contents of 18 amino acids, 8 minerals and 27 ginsenosides were determined by GC-FID, ICP-MS and LC-MS, respectively. The anti-aging effects, including the radical scavenging activity, the activation of mitochondrial function on human fibroblasts, and the proliferation activity on human keratinocyte progenitor cells, for the whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng were evaluated. Results : The total phenolic acids, amino acids, and minerals in the aerial part were more than twice as high as in the underground part. Compared to the cultivated ginseng root, there were various types of ginsenosides in both parts of wild ginseng, and the total amount was more than twice as high. In particular, the aerial part significantly contained ginsenoside F1, F2, C-Mc1, and C-O, and the distinctive patterns that distinguish each parts of wild ginseng from the cultivated ginseng root were derived. The whole plant and underground part of wild ginseng exhibited significant antioxidant effect(14.3-45.6%), activation of mitochondrial membrane potential(105.5-120.1%), and cell proliferation(112.1-125.4%). Conclusions : The entire plant and underground part of wild ginseng are high value-added plants and have beneficial effects on skin anti-aging properties through its abundant metabolites.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 2023

Lips have a unique desquamation process and moisturizing properties that are structurally different from ordinary skin. In particular, the turnover cycle of the stratum corneum is fast and the outermost stratum corneum is thin, so the amount of keratin is relatively high, and there are no skin appendages, so it is very vulnerable to maintaining moisture. In this study, we set three targets for lip care : stratum corneum, moisture, and barrier, and aimed to identify the potential of three target-specific ingredients for lips improvement. We confirmed the exfoliating, moisturizing, and barrier improvement efficacy of three target-specific ingredients which also have mild exfoliating effect. Specifically, we verified that Bacillus clausii extract improved skin exfoliation, gluconolactone improved skin moisture retention, and serine reinforced skin barrier function. To test the in vivo efficacy of the complex composed of three target-specific ingredients on the human lips, the lip balm manufactured with non-irritating range of concentration was applied, and we confirmed that it was effective in improving lip exfoliation·moisturizing·elasticity·wrinkles. Consequently, it was confirmed that the beauty and health indicators of the lips could be improved through the exfoliation-moisturization-barrier care of the lips and these ingredients were applied to LG H&H LIPCERIN products.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

To grasp the migration characteristics in the Busan Metropolitan Area (BMA), this study analyzed household characteristics and migration selectivity. The major findings of the study are as follows: first, young (especially 25 to 34 years of age) and single person households have greater propensity to migrate out from BMA, and their home ownership rate is low. These trends are much stronger in households that migrate out towards the Seoul Metropolitan Area from Busan. Second, age and educational selectivity of migration is evident. The characteristics of movers are quite different from those of stayers at Busan. Young people are more likely to migrate out of Busan, and higher levels of education are deeply associated with higher mobility. Through analyzing four high schools in Busan, it is acknowledged that most honor students entered 4-year universities in Seoul. The outflow of highly educated young people may induce the brain drain. Busan is undergoing both population decline and the problems caused by the brain drain.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2020

Background and objectives: One-person households are the fastest growing family type in Korea. They bring social concerns such as weakened social integration, increasing poverty and social isolation. They are not homogeneous but heterogeneous groups depending on their socio-demographic characteristics including generation. This study compared the life satisfaction level as well as factors affecting it among the three one-person household generations Methods: The 13th wave of the Korea Welfare Panel dataset with 1,187 respondents was utilized. For data analysis Chi-square test, analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis were employed. Generations are divided into three, namely young adult (20-39), the middle-aged (40-64) and the elderly (65 and over). Result: The life satisfaction level was highest among the young adult one-person household generation, followed by the middle-aged and the elderly generation. The common factors affecting life satisfaction of the three generations were physical as well as mental health, including self-esteem and depression. However, there were more factors different from generation to generation. As for the young adult, age, religion, and smoking were significant. As for the middle aged and the elderly, gender (male) and income were significant. Additionally, age, home-ownership and drinking were significant to the elderly generation. Conclusions: As there are differences as well as similarities among the three generations, policies for one-person households need to be devised considering these findings. For all generations, both physical and mental health policies are needed. For young adult strengthening social relations, providing decent jobs, and promoting anti-smoking policy are major agenda, and for the middle-aged and the elderly, assisting in social capital accumulation (for male), providing stable jobs and diverse leisure activities, and securing income. Additionally, for the elderly, expanding the social security system and housing support are needed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

Recently, the rise in the housing burden on young couples has led to a serious housing poverty among young people. The number of young people who move into public rental housing is very small because the eligibility for public rental housing is determined based on income, the status of housing subscription, and the size of the household. With this background, the government launched a public rental housing program called Happy Housing Project, which gives young people the priority to move in first. However, the program is facing an obstacle due to the opposition of local residents. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether public rental housing can induce the NIMBY syndrome through conducting a literature review, followed by an analysis of NIMBY syndrome around the currently supplied Happy House development areas, and finally analyzing the household characteristics in order to identify which households were prone to the NIMBY syndrome. To confirm the existence of the NIMBY syndrome, this paper comparatively analyzed the two groups using binary logit analysis. The first group consists of households that are against the Happy House policy, and the second group consists of households that are aware of the Happy House development taking place in their neighborhoods, and are against the development. This study considered the households against the Happy House development in their neighborhoods to have NIMBY tendencies, and focused on comparing the households with NIMBY tendencies with those who do not. To confirm whether the residents around the Happy House neighborhoods have NIMBY tendencies, this paper compared the two groups and confirmed that about 4% of the households have NIMBY tendencies. This paper subsequently analyzed the households with NIMBY tendencies, and found them to have a higher number of children, reside in apartments and reside in owned homes. The volume of the 2018 Happy Housing (35,000 households) is three times higher than that of 2017. The present study aims to analyze the tendency of residents who oppose the construction of Happy Housing so as to derive policy implications for the smooth provision of public rental housing.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2008

This study investigates the characteristics of young debtors at risk of repayment problems. A cumulative logistic model is used in order to examine the effects of explanatory variables on the probability for young adults to pay off debt obligations. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, the high indebtedness of young debtors increases the probability of payment delinquency whereas high income by young debtors decreases the probability. Second, financial emergencies that young debtors experienced and payment delinquency are positively related. Finally, financial resources for emergency needs reduced the probability of being delinquency on payment of household debt.