• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2004

Data pertaining to first lactation records of 316 Murrah buffaloes, progeny of 47 sires, maintained at NDRI Farm for a period of 18 years were analysed to construct selection indices and to examine their robustness by changing the relative economic values of different economic traits. A total of 120 selection indices were constructed for three sets of relative economic values ( 40 for each set) considering different combinations of seven first lactation traits viz. age at first calving (AFC), first lactation 305 day or less milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first calving interval (FCI), milk yield per day of first lactation length (MY/FLL), milk yield per day of first calving interval (MY/FCI) and milk yield per day age at second calving (MY/ASC). The three sets of relative economic values were based on economic values of different traits, 1% standard deviation of different traits and regression of different traits on FLMY. The 'optimum' indices for the first two sets had five traits each namely AFC, FLMY, FLL, FCI and MY/ASC giving improvement in aggregate genotype of Rupees 269.11 and Rs. 174.88, respectively. The accuracy of selection from both indices was 70.79 and 69.39%, respectively. The 'best' selection index from the third set of data again had five traits (AFC, FLMY, FLL, FCI and MY/FLL) giving genetic gain of Rs. 124.16 and accuracy of selection of 71.81%. The critcal levels or break-even points for FLMY for varying levels of AFC and FCI estimated from the "optimum index" suggested the need of enhancement of present production level of the herd or reduction of AFC or FCI. It was concluded that economic values of various first lactation traits were the most appropriate to construct selection indices as compared to other criteria of assigning relative economic weights in Murrah buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1239-1241
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• 2003

Korean cattle breeders have shown interest in genetic improvement of milking ability because poor milking ability and short suckling period of Korean cattle is a hindrance to growth of calves. In this study, daily milk yields by period in Korean cattle were analyzed with an animal model. The milk yields were actually measured at sequential intervals from 1 to 4 months after calving: daily milk yields from delivery to 1 month (DMY1), from 1 to 2 months (DMY2), from 2 to 3 months (DMY3), and from 3 to 4 months (DMY4). Genetic variance estimates gradually increased by the periods while environmental variance estimates gradually decreased. This resulted in a dramatic increase in the heritability by periods: 0.02 for DMY1, 0.11 for DMY2, 0.16 for DMY3, and 0.42 for DMY4. In multi-trait analyses with daily milk yield and body weight of calf, genetic correlation estimates between milk yield and body weight were quite small (-0.08 to 0.02 for birth weight and -0.10 to 0.00 for weaning weight). The trends of the heritability estimated in this study showed that the genetic effects were more influential when the milking period was longer, suggesting genetic evaluations with daily milk yield collected at a longer period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2005

Mass selection (MS) is an efficient selection method to directly improve highly heritable traits. In the present study, two cycles of MS for ear length were conducted on two sweet corn populations, BC2-l0 and $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ after introgression of exotic germplasm. The improved populations generated from these selections were evaluated in comparison with the base populations at two locations, to determine the genetic gains and performance of the improved populations. The two base populations showed varied average realized responses to MS. In BC2-l0 derived population, the realized responses were $9.1\%$ in BC2-l0 C1 and $1.2\%$ in BC2-l0 C2, whereas in$BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ derived population, the realized responses were$ 5.6\%$ in $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ C1 and $2.9\%$ in $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ C2. All the improved populations showed longer ears than their respective base populations and the check varieties. Ear length, which was used as the selection criterion in this study, showed high broad-sense heritability in the BC2-l0 and $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ derived populations, while fresh ear yield revealed low heritability, indicating that selection for ear length in these populations would be more effective than direct selection for yield. Results of this study indicate that MS conducted on BC2­10 and $BC1-10{\times}Syn-II$ had significantly increased ear length and fresh ear yield in both populations. The improved populations obtained would serve as better germplasm sources and further selection in these populations could offer better responses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2013

Daily milk yields on test days were estimated using morning or afternoon partial milk yields collected by official agencies and the accuracy of the estimates was determined. Test-day data for milk yields consisted of 3,156,734 records of AM/PM partial milking measurements of 255,437 milking Holstein cows from 3,708 farms collected from December 2008 to April 2013. A linear regression model (LRM) was applied to estimate daily milk yields using alternate AM/PM milk yield records within lactation stages, milking intervals, and parities on every daily milk yield. The alternate statistical approach was a non-linear hierarchical model (NHM) in which Brody's growth function was implemented by reflecting an animal's physiological milk production cycle. When compared with LRM, daily milk yields predicted by the NHM were assumed to be functionally related to day in milk (or lactation) stage, milking intervals, and partial milk yields. Since the results were in terms of accuracies based on comparisons of different statistical models, accuracies of estimates of daily milk yields by NHM were close to those determined by the LRM. The average of these accuracies was 0.94 for AM partial milk yields and 0.93 for PM partial milk yields for first calving cows. However, the accuracies of AM/PM milk yield estimations from cows under a calving stage higher than the first parity were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Correlations between the estimated daily milk yields and the actual daily milk yields ranged from 0.96~0.98. These accuracies were lower for unbalanced AM/PM milking intervals and the first calving cows. Overall, prediction of daily milk yields by NHM would be more appropriate than by LRM due to its flexibility under different milk yield-related circumstances, which provides an idea of the functional relationship between milking intervals and days in milk with daily milk yields from statistical viewpoints.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2007

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been regarded as a useful microorganism and tried to manipulate plasmid DNA for increasing the usefulness. Although several methods have been developed to isolate plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli (E. coli), these methods were not sufficient to apply to LAB with exception of O'Sullivan's lysis method. So, we evaluated plasmid DNA extraction from LAB using general E. coli preparation methods and tried to improve the extraction yield and DNA purity by modifying O'Sullivan's alkaline lysis method. To improve the extraction yield, salt and carrier were added to precipitant and those were incubated at $-70{^{\circ}C}$. Only incubation at $-70{^{\circ}C}$ was the effective method of those modifications. Purity of plasmid DNA was improved by two times of each centrifugation and phenol/chloroform extraction. However, DNA was damaged by twice extraction with phenol/chloroform. Also, exclusion of ethidium bromide showed negative effect to purity. Additionally, it was recommended that improvement of the extraction yield may be due to centrifugation at high speed for more time and to dissolving complete DNA pellet before addition of 7.5 M ammonium acetate. Extraction using this modification produced higher quality of plasmid DNA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

Graft copolymerization of MMN4-VP onto cotton fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiator and triton X-100 as an emulsifier was performed under various polymerization conditions. In cograft polymerization, the polymeization behavior according to variation of 4-VP feed composition and the characteristics of MMA/4-VP graft polymer such as affinity for acid dye owing to cationization of cotton, antibacterial activity and thermal behavior were investigated. The results of this study were as follows : 1. While in copolymerization of MMA and 4-VP, 4-VP content in copolymer was more than that of monomer feed composition. 2. Increasing 4-VP content, graft yield was decreased, but graft efficiency was increased. In case of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization, the highest graft yield was obtained at higher CAN concentration than in MMA graft polymerization, the reason is that the behavior of 4-VP was disturbed by Ce(IV) sail 3. Elevation of temperature resulted in increase of graft yield and the apparent activation energy of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization was higher than that of MMA graft polymerization. 4. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fiber showed affinity for acid dye, antibacterial activity and higher moisture regain than MMA grafted cotton fiber. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fabric showed improvement of wrinkle recovery up to 40~50% graft yield and decreased thereafter. MMA/4-VP and MMA grafted cotton fabric did not showed significant difference in wrinkle recovery and stiffness.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1977

A $7{\sim}10%$ aqueous phosphate solution comprised of 85% sodium tripolyphosphate and 15% sodium hexametaphosphate was injected into tuna flesh prior to precook until the fish weight increased approximately $4{\sim}10%$. The experiments were conducted at a commercial tuna processing plant using Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) of $45{\sim}68kg$ and $7.3{\sim}10.5kg$ sizes, and Skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) of $4.5{\sim}5.0kg$ size. The experimental results showed that the phosphate treatment resulted in: 1. Approximately $5{\sim}8%$ increase in yield and somewhat more moist meat with the large Yellowfin. 2. Approximately $3{\sim}8%$ increase in yield with the smaller Yellowfin. 3. Approximately $1{\sim}4%$ increase in yield with the Skipjack. 4. Minimal improvement in color and flavor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 1983

The effects of various factors affacting yield and its components in rice were estimated by analzing the yield forcasting trial data from 1966 to 1979. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The year effects was increased by 3.46kg per year, and one day early planting increased by 2,26kg. 2. The effect of japonica vareties was negative while that of indica-japonica hybrid varieties was positive and the effect of each varities was increased by 3.46kg per year. 3. The contribution of each effect of the planting date, nitrogen varity, pest control and other improvement of cultivation to yield was estimated as 1.76kg (14.5%), I.04kg (8.7%), 5.84kg(48.2%), 3.47kg(28.6%) per year, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics such as growth, quality, and yields of StMyb1R-1 transgenic potato and also to obtain the basic data for establishing assessment guidelines of transgenic potato. Three transgenic lines (Myb 1, Myb 2, and Myb 8) were cultivated under conventional irrigation, drought condition, and severe drought condition and were analyzed by comparing with wild type, non-transgenic cv. Superior. Myb 2 showed a different flower color from wild type and Myb 1 had much bigger secondary leaflets than wild type. Myb 1 and Myb 2 showed higher $P_2O_5$ content in both top and root zone and longer shaped tubers than wild type. In yield factors, transgenic lines had more tubers than wild type, however their yield decreases were severe because of the poor enlargement of tuber under water deficit condition. This tendency was noticeable in Myb 1 and Myb 2. In TR ratio, chlorophyll content, dry matter rate, and relative water content, there were no big differences between transgenic lines and wild type. Meanwhile, in phenotype, growth, quality, and yield factors, substantial equivalent was confirmed between Myb 8 and wild type. Then, Myb 8 showed the highest marketable tuber yield under conventional irrigation, while showed lower level than wild type under water deficit. Judged by this result, the enhancing droughttolerance by StMyb1R-1 gene might actually not mean the enhancement of photosynthesis or starch accumulation in tuber and, furthermore, not the yield improvement. More detailed research will be required to accurately understand the relationship between StMyb1R-1 and yield factors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2011

The recycling rate of recovered paper in Korea is the highest in the world, 92%, but remanufacturing yield is low due to the extremely poor quality of the paper. The poor quality, in turn, influences to the reject amount in deinking process. To increase the yield of old newspaper recycling process, hydrophobic degree of inorganic pigments of deinking stock must be reduced. To determine the hydrophobicity, Pitch Potential Deposit Tester (PDT) was newly designed and applied with respect to the SB latex property of various quality used in Korea; its hydrophobic degree according to Tg, gel content, charge and particle size of latex and optimum designing condition of SB latex. And below are the conclusions: 1. The reason of excessive reject from old newspaper deinking process for total amount of printed ink is loss of inorganic pigments. When lipase, a biochemical catalyst, was applied with the purpose of preventing inorganic pigments loss about more than 70% of total reject weight and promoting hydration of pulp for deinking, deinking process yield of pre flotation secondary stage increased remarkably without any changes of deinking efficiency. 2. Lipase improved deinking stock by cutting ester linkage on surface of hydrophobic materials to promote its hydration. From this, it reached the conclusion that hydration degree of stock exercises significant effect on flotation deinking process yield. 3. Inorganic alkali promotes hydration of deinking stock. But there have been needs for more fundamental measures other than inorganic alkali of promoting hydration for yield improvement. For this, this study intended to find out reasons of chemical properties change on surface of hydrophobic material by change of pH. 4. Pitch Deposit Test (PDT) was performed for understanding principle of why surface of coating flake from OMG is hydrophobic and why it becomes hydrophilic when pH of stock is alkaline. As a result of this test, it is determined that swelling property by change of pH of latex film, which were used as coating adhesive is the reason for hydrophobic change. 5. Hydrophilicity of coating flake increased with hydrophilic pigments. And as more of SB Latex adhesive was used and higher of calcium hardness of stock became, its hydrophilicity decreased. SB Latex adhesive film is reformed by mechanical friction. For having hydrophilicity under neutral pH, strong bruising action such as kneading is required. 6. Because swelling of adhesive film decreases as Tg of SB latex gets lower and mean diameter gets smaller, it shows hydrophobicity under neutral pH. This lowers hydrophilicity of coating flake, which leads to easy elimination with flotation reject on DIP process. Therefore, for improving future flotation yield, it is necessary to develop to use eco-friendly clean SB latex by raising Tg and increasing mean diameter for recycling, and as a result, to reduce excessive loss of coating flake as a reject from deinking process.