• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.395-404
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• 2018

Since the mass mortality of Quercus mongolica has been first reported in Gyeonggi province at 2004, the disease spread rapidly over Korean peninsula annually. Ambrosia beetle (Platypus koryoensis) was known as the insect vector of oak wilt fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, and control methods of the disease had mainly been focused on eradication of insect vector. However, for the efficient management of the disease, combined control methods for both of the pathogenic fungus and insect vector are strongly required. As one of the efforts to suppress the pathogenic fungus, antifungal activities of Streptomyces isolated from oak forest soil were assayed in this study. Optimum culture condition for the selected isolates was also studied, As a result, Streptomyces blastmyceticus cultured in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 week showed the strongest antifungal activity against oak wilt fungus. Mycelial growth inhibition rates (MGIRs) of Streptomyces isolates were compared on culture media supplemented with heated and unheated culture filtrates of S. blastmyceticus. MGIRs on culture media with unheated culture filtrates were generally higher than those on culture media with heated culture filtrates. Antagonistic mechanism to get involved in the inhibition of hyphal growth and spore formation of the pathogen is due to the antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces. This study will provide the fundamental information in developing biocontrol agents for the environment-friendly management of oak wilt disease.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

PURPOSE. This research evaluated clinical outcomes of two types of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants: OT (Osstem TS III-HA, Osstem implant Co., Busan, Korea) and ZM (Zimmer TSV-HA, Zimmer dental, Carlsbad, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research was conducted on 303 implants (89 of OT, 214 of ZM), which were placed from January 16, 2010 to December 20, 2012. The prognosis was evaluated in terms of success rates, survival rates, annual marginal bone loss, and implant stability quotients (ISQ). The samples were classified into immediate, early, conventional, and delayed groups according to the loading time. RESULTS. Overall, there were no significant differences between OT and ZM in success rates, survival rates, and annual marginal bone loss, except for the result of secondary stability. OT showed $77.83{\pm}8.23ISQ$, which was marginally higher than $76.09{\pm}6.90ISQ$ of ZM (P<.05). In terms of healing periods, only immediate loading showed statistically significant differences (P<.05). Differences between OT and ZM were observed in terms of two indices, the annual marginal bone loss ($0.17{\pm}0.58mm/year$ < $0.45{\pm}0.80mm/year$) and secondary stability ($84.36{\pm}3.80ISQ$ > $82.48{\pm}3.69ISQ$) (P<.05). OT and ZM did not have any statistically significant differences in early, conventional, and delayed loading (P>.05). CONCLUSION. OT (97.75%) and ZM (98.50%) showed relatively good outcomes in terms of survival rates. In general, OT and ZM did not show statistically significant differences in most indices (P>.05), although OT performed marginally better than ZM in the immediate loading and 1-stage surgery (P<.05).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.246-253
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• 2011

Several problems occurred due to the use of the wrong water cycle system in the watershed. This was caused by a dry stream in the lower parts of the tributaries and the deterioration in value of usage by water pollution in accordance with water storage. This was maintained for a long period of time in the reservoir which secured the agricultural water. As a result of the operational status in the agricultural reservoirs focused on Chungcheongnam-do and Daejeon metropolitan city, a dry stream appeared because hydraulic retention time(HRT) in the majority of reservoirs was maintained for 8 months of the year. The water quality in the agricultural reservoir was fairly related to the water cycle system due to rainfall and input of pollutants from the population and livestock in the watershed. Consequently, the storage water volume and the time period of the water in the reservoir should be controlled by the reduction of the pollution load in the water and the prevention of a dry stream. Also, the water cycle system in the watershed should be improved by maintaining a short HRT of the reservoir.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out how taking oriental herbal medicine may affect the sex hormone levels in a patient who was diagnosed with prematurity. Methods We prescribed 120 cc of oriental herbal medicine twice daily for a month to a patient suspected of the precocious puberty due to 11 pg/ml of the estradiol level. Upon finishing the course of oriental herbal medicine, the patient was retested for the follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizng hormone and estradiol levels. Results After administration, all levels of luteininzing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone and estradiol were decreased. There was no diagnosable evidence for the idiopathic central precocious puberty in the gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation. Conclusions Oriental herbal medicine is a good alternative treatment of choice for the precocious puberty. However, more in-depth studies are to be followed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1644-1652
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• 2003

The monitor product is packed by cushioning materials because the monitor can be broken during transportation. However, the addition of the cushioning material increased the volume of the product. Therefore, it is required that the usage of cushioning material be minimized. In practice, design engineers have followed the ad hoc design with experiences of predecessors. Automation of the design process is very important for the reduction of engineering cost, and can be achieved by an excellent design process and software development. According to Axiomatic design, a design flow is defined and a software system is developed for automated design. At first, a basic model is defined. A user can modify the model from menus and design is carried out according to the input from the user. Finite element models are automatically generated based on the design. A nonlinear finite element analysis program called LS/DYNA3D is linked for the impact analysis. The process of Design of Experiments using orthogonal array is installed to minimize the maximum acceleration in drop test. Therefore, a new design can be proposed by the system. The program is designed according to the Independence Axiom of Axiomatic design. FRs and DPs of the software system are defined and decomposed by zigzagging process. Independent modules can be generated by analysis of the full design matrix and each module is coded as class in Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Design results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hot water extract of peduncle obtained from Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) which is commercially developed for the protective effect on the alcoholic hepatotoxicity, on the endurance capacity for weight loaded forced swimming mice. The swimming times to exhaustion in mice fed 100 and 200 mg/kg HD for 2 weeks were prolonged 3.6 and 3.7 fold, and for 4 weeks 1.9 and 2.7 fold compared with each vehicle control ($42.8{\pm}20.5$ min and $67.7{\pm}47.8$ min, for 2 and 4 weeks), respectively. Blood biochemical parameters for ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN were not significantly different between from HD fed or control mice. Although HD fed mice swam over 2 fold longer time than vehicle control mice at 4 weeks, blood biomarkers of physical fatigue such as glucose, triglyceride and free fatty acid, lactate were not significant different and even tended to ameliorate. Hepatic lipid peroxidation and SOD activity did not significantly change in HD fed- and vehicle control exhausted swimming mice at 2 or 4 weeks. However, catalase activity in HD-fed mice was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle control mice. The present study indicates that HD improved physical fatigue and exercise performance in mice. Therefore, it has a potential for the pharmacological effect of anti-fatigue.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 1998

DW2282, (S)- (+)-4-phenyl -1-[N-(4-am mob enzoyl) -indolin-5- sulfonyl]-4,5- dihydro-2-imidazolone hydrochloride, is a novel anticancer agent thought to have an unique mechanism of action on the inhibition of tumor growth. In this study, we estimated in vivo antitumor activities and pharmacokinetics of Dw2282 depending on various vehicles. The inhibition rate of tumor growth was increased by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of Dw2282 in a dose-dependent manner. When Dw2282 dissolved in 4 sorts of vehicles was orally single dosed to rats at 50 mg/kg, Cmax of Dw2282 in 0.5% CMC.Na was a half as high as those in PG, PG+CP and PG+CP+DW. When Dw2282 was orally administered to mice for 5 days, antitumor activity of 130 mg/kg suspended in 0.5% CMC.Na was as effective as that of 65 mg/kg dissolved in the rest of vehicles. Taken together, it is thought that antitumor activities of Dw2282 are resulted from the absorption extent of it and related to the vehicle used.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2019

Pistacia chinensis Bunge has not only been used as a medicinal plant to treat various illnesses but its young shoots and leaves have also been used as vegetables. In addition, P. chinensis is used as a rootstock for Pistacia vera (pistachio). Here, the transcriptome of P. chinensis was sequenced to enrich genetic resources and identify secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways using Illumina RNA-seq methods. De novo assembly resulted in 18,524 unigenes with an average length of 873 bp from 19 million RNA-seq reads. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation tool assigned KO (KEGG orthology) numbers to 6,553 (36.2%) unigenes, among which 4,061 unigenes were mapped into 391 different metabolic pathways. For terpenoid backbone and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways, 44 and 22 unigenes encode enzymes corresponding to 30 and 16 entries, respectively. Twenty-two unigenes encode proteins for 16 entries of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. As for the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, 63 and 24 unigenes were homologous to 17 and 14 entry proteins, respectively. Mining of simple sequence repeat identified 2,599 simple sequence repeats from P. chinensis unigenes. The results of the present study provide a valuable resource for in-depth studies on comparative and functional genomics to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the medicinal properties of Pistacia L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of correction on posture parameters between a horse riding simulator exercise and a conventional exercise occurring in an open linear chain linking the head to the pelvis in the sagittal plane of young adults with a forward head posture. METHODS: In this study, 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects each, were assigned to the horse riding simulator exercise or the neck exercise group and they performed exercise 30 minutes per each round two times a week for six weeks. To determine the subjects' forward head posture, the three angles and three distances were measured. RESULTS: The forward head angle and head distance results showed a significant change between pre and post intervention in both group. The horizontal distance between acromion and tragus results showed a significant change between pre and post intervention in neck exercise group (CG), but no significant change in horse riding simulator exercise group (EG). The averages of each measured values of EG and CG before and after were compared, but there are no significant different between groups. CONCLUSION: Although the effects of the horse riding exercise were lower than those elicited by the neck exercise, the results demonstrated that the horse riding simulator exercise improved posture alignment for subjects with forward head posture. Therefore, the horse riding simulator exercise can constitute an appropriate alternative exercise for subjects with forward head posture.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

In this paper, we have designed and fabricated high conversion gain Q-band active sub-harmonic mixers for a receiver of millimeter wave wireless communication systems. The fabricated active sub-harmonic mixer uses 2nd harmonic signals of a low local oscillator (LO) frequency. The fabricated mixer was successfully integrated by using $0.1{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. From the measurement, it shows that maximum conversion gain of 4.8 dB has obtained at a RF frequency of 40 GHz for 10 dBm LO power of 17.5 GHz. Conversion gain from the fabricated sub-harmonic mixer is one of the best reported thus far. And a phase noise of the 2nd harmonic was obtained -90.23 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. The active sub-harmonic mixer also ensure a high degree of isolations, which are -35.8 dB from LO-to-IF and -40.5 dB from LO-to-RF, respectively, at a LO frequency of 17.5 GHz.