• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.223-233
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• 1997

The paper is a comparative study of the 9th -century Chinese, Korean and Japanese ships. It discusses the professional level of ship-bulding, the functions of ships, the routes of the ships, and the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Korea. In addition, it also introduces the history of the Xinluos living in China focuses on the distinction between Xinluo Guan, Xinluo Suo and Xinluo Fang, which is often confused in the Chinese, Korean and Japanese academic world.