• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1981

Gastric xanthoma which is not a true neoplasm and clinically insignificant consists of the small yellowish lesion of the gastric mucosa, frequently of multiple occurrence. Histologically the lesion shows chronic superficial gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and occasional collections of foam cells within the lamina propria. Electron microscopically. the xanthoma, cells are composed of. lipid-laden histiocytes with. many autophagocytic Iysosomes surrounding the cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles. Many residual bodies are also noted. The pathogenesis of the gastric xanthoma is obscure, however it is thought that a previous focal lesion of the gastric mucosa may have been a factor. One case of gastric xanthoma is reported here and a brief review of literature is also made.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2022

Intraosseous xanthoma of the mandible is a rare benign disorder. A 17-year-old male patient presented with a suspected abscess in the right mandibular third molar, detected on a panoramic radiograph. The patient had no history of systemic or lipid-related metabolic diseases and complained of no specific symptoms or pain. A radiographic examination revealed a heterogeneous radiolucency extending from the apical to the distal aspect of the right mandibular third molar tooth germ. The lesion measured 9 × 16 × 24 mm (antero-posterior × mediolateral × supero-inferior) and showed a relatively well-defined, multilocular, foamy appearance with hyperostotic borders spreading to the inferior alveolar nerve canal. After excisional biopsy, a diagnosis of central xanthoma was made. The lesion recurred, and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy was done near the lesion. For the treatment of xanthoma of the mandible, extensive and delicate surgical treatment under general anesthesia should be considered.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.194-196
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• 1999

Xanthoma is a localized collection of tissue histocytes containing lipid. The majority of tendinous xanthomas probably occurs in the setting of hypercholesterolemia especially in bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas. Xanthoma of the Achilles tendon is a rather rare, interesting orthopaedic condition that has important ramifications in internal medicine and dermatology because the lesion is associated with a specific disturbance of lipid metabolism. We experienced one case of normolipidemic and symptomatic Achilles tendon xanthoma. Surgical intervention was carried out for cosmetic and symptomatic reasons, the patient undergoing total resection and a reconstruction of the Achilles tendon by the combinedV-Y muscle flap and modified Lindholm technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.232-234
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• 2010

Primary xanthoma of the bone is a rare benign neoplasm, and it is extremely rare to find this in the ribs. It is most commonly reported in soft tissue and it associated with hyperlipoproteinemia. A 54-years-old male who complained of left chest pain had an X-ray taken. It revealed a left 3rd rib tumor. The blood examinations for lipid and protein were normal. A resection was done for tissue examination. The mass was histolopathologically diagnosed as a xanthoma.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.321-324
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• 2013

Xanthoma is a relatively rare soft tissue lesion on the Achilles tendon and is usually associated with hyperlipidemia (lipid metabolism abnormality), mental retardation, cataract and atherosclerotic disease. We report on a case of normolipidemic bilateral Achilles tendon xanthoma without any notable cause. We herein describe the case where we achieved a satisfactory result by subtotal resection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.292-296
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• 2013

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion that presents in the oral cavity, skin, or genital organs as a verrucous, papillomatous, or flat papule with varying colors. VX has indistinct clinical features, making histopathological examination necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Histologically, VX is characterized by parakeratosis, rete ridges with uniform depth, and an accumulation of the foam cells, which are also known as the "xanthoma cells". These foam cells test positive for antibodies, such as CD-68 and vimentin; it is thought that VX foam cells are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage, and that VX's pathogenic mechanism is partly related to an immune mechanism. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of VX remains unclear. VX can be treated by surgical excision; other medical, chemical, and radiological treatments are not required postoperatively. Recurrence and malignant transformation of VX are rare. Two patients, each with a mass of unknown origin on the palatal gingiva, were presented at our clinic. Excisional biopsies of the masses were performed for a histological diagnosis after clinical and radiological examinations. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of VX in both cases.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2022

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disease caused by a deficiency of enzymes for the synthesis of bile acid, resulting in the accumulation of cholestanol with reduced chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) production and causing various symptoms such as chronic diarrhea in infancy, juvenile cataracts in childhood, tendon xanthomas in adolescence and young adulthood, and progressive neurologic dysfunction in adulthood. Because oral CDCA replacement therapy can effectively prevent disease progression, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in CTX. This study reports the case of CTX in a 10-year-old male who presented with Achilles tendon xanthoma and mild intellectual disability. Biochemical testing showed normal cholesterol and sitosterol levels but elevated cholestanol levels. Genetic testing showed compound heterozygous variants of CYP27A1, c.379C>T (p.Arg127Trp), and c.1214G>A (p.Arg405Gln), which confirmed the diagnosis of CTX. The patient had neither cataracts nor other focal neurologic deficits and showed no abnormalities on brain imaging. The patient received oral CDCA replacement therapy without any adverse effects; thereafter, the cholestanol level decreased and no disease progression was noted. The diagnostic possibility of CTX should be considered in patients with tendon xanthoma and normolipidemic conditions to prevent neurological deterioration.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 2020

Gastric xanthoma is frequently an incidental finding on upper endoscopy in adults. Gastric xanthomas (GX) can be mistaken for malignancies and warrant prompt histologic diagnosis. The underlying etiology is not fully understood; however, it has been linked to Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. GX in the pediatric population is largely unreported in the literature. Because of the relative rarity, documentation with case reports are essential to provide as much data as possible to see if there is a correlation between GX and malignant potential in the pediatric population. Our group is reporting two cases, a 10-year-old male and a 7-year-old male, both who presented with chronic dysphagia, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Upper endoscopies for both patients revealed small polypoid lesions located in the antrum with foamy histiocytes on histology, leading to the diagnosis of gastric xanthoma.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.296-299
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• 2018

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common cutaneous xanthoma found on the medial side of the eyelid. The typical lesion is usually a flat and yellowish plaque on the skin. However, we report on a unique case of intramuscular xanthoma found during blepharoplasty for the correction of ptosis. A 53-year-old male patient visited our department with a complaint of a ptotic eyelid. He was concerned about the cosmetic appearance and the uncomfortable feeling while opening his eyes, and wanted these problems to be solved. A yellowish plaque of about $0.3{\times}0.3cm$ in size was found in the orbicularis oculi muscle during the surgery. The lesion was excised and xanthelasma was confirmed with biopsy. We have found this specific case of xanthelasma palpebrarum in the only muscle. Therefore, a careful approach to clinical and histologic examination and imaging is required for patients with these lesions.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2008