• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to suggest a new way to approach measuring the waist line of slacks. The pattern formulated enables a construction method that optimizes motion. The method is based on the measurement on the length change of the body surface line. The research reveals: 1. The analysis of expansion and contraction by area showed that G8 markedly shrunk, whilst G15 maximally stretched during M4 motion. 2. The areas that stretched during M2 motion were, in order of size: G10, G17, G16, and G8. Conversely, the areas that shrunk are, in order, G9, G11, and G18. The areas that stretched during M3 motion were G10, G17, G16, G12, and G15; the areas that shrunk were G9, G11, G18, and G8. 3. In constructing the slacks pattern to allow for appropriate movement, we calculated the length between the knee and back of the waist, point (y), using Pythagoras’theorem and trigonometry. The equation was y = 1.005x. 4. In the two pattern N method and L method, y is equal or less than x, but for our research pattern, y was larger than x

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.549-554
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• 2013

For the past years, higher power rating 2 stroke super long stroke diesel engines having more than 8 cylinders and larger cylinder bore are installed mainly on very large containerships to save on fuel consumption. However, these engines are prone to X-mode vibration due to $2^{nd}$ node torsional vibration or the X-type moment, particularly because of the increase in total length and height. Recently, cases of excessive X-mode vibration often occurred on engine's major components. This vibration is manifested also as secondary vibration causing failure in engine-mount large structures. This study investigated the excitations caused by the $2^{nd}$ node propulsion shafting torsional vibration that influence X-mode vibration of the main engine and practical countermeasures are proposed. An 8RT-82RT-flex 8 cylinder engine and 11S90S-ME 11 cylinder engine for a container ship was used as research model.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.830-835
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• 1998

The characteristics of the ablation plume generated by 532 nm Nd: YAG laser irradiation of a Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) target have been investigated using a pulsed-field time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The relative abundance of O+, Ti+, Zr+, Pb+, TiO+, and ZrO+ ions has been measured and discussed. TiO+ and ZrO+ ions were also found to be particularly stable within the laser ablation plasma with respect to PbO+ species. The behavior of the temporal distributions of each ionic species was studied as a function of the delay time between the laser shot and the ion extraction pulse. The most probable velocity of each ablated ion is estimated to be Vmp=1.1-1.6x 105 cm/s at a laser fluence of 1.2 J/cm2, which is typically employed for the thin film deposition of PZT. The TOF distribution of Ti+ and Zr+ ions shows a trimodal distribution with one fast and two slow velocity components. The fast velocity component (6.8x 10' cm/s) appears to consist of directly ablated species via nonthermal process. The second component, originated from the thermal evaporation process, has a characteristic velocity of 1.4-1.6 x 105 cm/s. The slowest component (1.2 x 105 cm/s) is composed of a dissociation product formed from the corresponding oxide ion.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.376-381
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• 1998

Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines 8ra causes bacterial pustule disease on susceptible soybean leaves and produces a bacteriocin, named glycinecin, against related bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The antimicrobial activity of the glycinecin was effective to most tested Xanthomonas species. X. c. pv. glycines 8ra was able to produce the glycinecin in liquid media as well as solid media. Maximal productivity of glycinecin was obtained at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in the early stationary phase of growth of the X. c. pv. glycines 8ra. The production of glycinecin was not dependent on the initial inoculum level but on cell density. Glycinecin was very sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and proteinase K but resistant to DNase and RNase. The culture supernatant of X. c. pv. glycines 8ra retained some of its antimicrobial activity after 15 min at 6$0^{\circ}C$. It is stable at wide range of pH. The glycinecin showed the bactericidal activity after the adsorption of the glycinecin to the sensitive bacterial cell.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 1969

The larvae of Mytilus coruscus were grown at the room temperature of approximately 15.1C under several different sulture conditions, i.e., salinity, population of the larvae, density and kind of food organisms, etc. (1) The egg of Mytilus coruscus obtained in the laboratory measured about 73.0${\mu}$ in diameter. The embryos gradually developed into larvae up to 179.0${\mu}$ shell length with the shell height of 135.9${\mu}$ even in the absence of the algal food. Beyond this size, however, the growth of larvae was considerably retarded, indicating that the better growth could be expected if the food began to be fed four days after spawning. (2) The larvae began settling upon reaching 281.4${\mu}$ to 310.9${\mu}$ in shell length or 264.3${\mu}$ to 301.9${\mu}$ in shell height. When the shell length reaches 322.6${\mu}$ to 337.1${\mu}$, the shell height also reaches about the same, i.e., 321.5${\mu}$ to 346.2${\mu}$. (3) Daily rate of food consumption was determined by the size of the larvae and the species of the algal food. Regardless of the species of food given, the rage of food consumption remained almost the same until the larva reached the straight-hinge stage, and marked variations were found as the larvae grew larger. Daily rate of food consumption was shown as follow; Chaetoceros calcitrans : Y=2.99167e$\^$0.000018243x$\^$2// Cyclotella nana : Y=3.00324e$\^$0.000015481x$\^$2// Monochrysis lutheri : Y=3.000056e$\^$0.000014485$\^$2// (4) Suitable amount of the food to be given was about five times of the consumed food by Mytilus coruscus. (5) When the numbers of the larvae was higher than ten per milliliter, the growth was significantly retarded. (6) Monochrysis lutheri and Cyclotella nana were much better than Chaetoceros calcitrans as the food of Mytilus coruscus, and even the same food organism showed some difference with the age of the organism. (7) Sea water of higher salinity showed the better result in the growth of the larvae and the water with the specific gravity of 1.020 or below was dangerous for the larvae. (8) The mean growth of the larvae of Mytilus coruscus under lavorable condition was shown as follows: shell length 121.8${\mu}$ to 179.0${\mu}$ : Y=119.18+7.42X 196.7${\mu}$ to 322.6${\mu}$ : Y=203.144+7.687X 322.6${\mu}$ to 985.1${\mu}$ : Y=302.5978+11.8356X shell height 86.3${\mu}$ to 135.9${\mu}$ : Y=86.22+6.40X 158.1${\mu}$ to 321.5${\mu}$ : Y=162.998+10.027X 321.5${\mu}$ to 1,215.4${\mu}$ : Y=309.3701+16.258X Relationships between the shell length and shell height were shown as follows: shell length 121.8${\mu}$ to 179.0 : Y=0.83726X-15.79165 196.7${\mu}$ to 322.6 : Y=1.29909X-100.58610 322.6${\mu}$ to 985.1${\mu}$ : Y=1.3536X-101.6806

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.7 s.252
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• pp.496-500
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• 2005

There was no difference between the bileaflet mechanical valves on the midterm and longterm clinical outcome. We reviewed the hemodynamic comparison between recently available mechanical valves by Doppler Echocardiography. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 396 postoperative hemodynamic datas (EOA, MDPG, and MSPG) by doppler echocardiography in 345 patients. Mechanical valves from 5 venders (Sorin Bicarbon, SJM, ATS, On-X, and Edward MIRA) were compared. There were 232 valves in mitral position, 162 in aortic, and 2 in tricuspid. Result: There were 178 men (mean age; $50.6\pm13.9$ years old) and 167 women $(52.6\pm,4.6)$. MDPG/EOA of 27 mm in mitral position was Sorin; $4.2\pm1.5 mmHg/3.0\pm0.9cm^2,\;SJM;\;2.3\pm1.2/3.5\pm0.6$. In 29mm, Sorin, SJM, ATS, On-X, MIRA revealed $3.4\pm1.2/3.1\pm0.6,\;3.3\pm1.1/2.7\pm0.4,\;3.8\pm0.8/3.2\pm0.6,\;4.0\pm3.0/3.1\pm0.9,\;2.9\pm0.9/3.0\pm0.8$ In 31mm, Sorin, SJM, ATS, MIRA revealed $3.9\pm1.9/2.9\pm0.6,\;3.5\pm1.2/3.0\pm0.6,\;3.4\pm0.8/2.8\pm0.2,\;3.7\pm1.5/2.7\pm0.7$. In 33mm, Sorin, SJM, MIRA revealed $4.4\pm0.9/2.5\pm0.4,\;3.4\pm1.5/3.3\pm0.5,\;4.7\pm2.4\3.0\pm0.3$. MSPG/EOA of 19mm aortic position was Sorin, SJM, ATS, On-X, MIRA $18.0 mmHg/1.2cm^2,\;25.6\pm8.7/1.1\pm0.3,\;25.9\pm12.6/1.2\pm0.3,\;23.0/1.3,\;27.9\pm7.1/1.2\pm0.1$ in that order. In 21mm, SJM, ATS, On-X, MIRA revealed $18.3\pm6.7/1.5\pm0.5,\;13.7\pm2.1/1.7\pm0.3,\;17.0/1.4,\;17.1\pm5.5/1.8\pm0.5$. In 23mm Sorin, SJM, ATS, On-X, MIRA revealed $14.0\pm4.6/1.7\pm0.6,\;12.8\pm3.2/2.0\pm0.2,\;16.8\pm12.2/2.1\pm0.9,\;14.0/1.5,\;15.0\pm5.5/1,8\pm0.5$. In 25mm, SJM and MIRA revealed $14.0\pm5.1/1.8\pm1.0,\;11.0/2.3$. There was no statistically significant difference in these values between the venders given the same position and size. 2 redo valve replacements were performed, 1 due to severe hemolysis in ATS and 1 due to leaflet immobilization in SJM. Conclusion: Postoperative hemodynamic comparison by doppler echocardiography shows no statistically significant difference between recently available mechanical valves in this country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2022

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is known as a very efficient method to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the catalyst performs reduction from nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen (N₂) and water vapor (H2O). The catalyst, which is one of the factors determining the performance of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) ruduction method, is known to increase catalyst efficiency as cell density increases. In this study, the reduction characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) under various engine loads investigated. A 100CPSI(60Cell) catalysts was studied through a laboratory-sized simulating device that can simulate the exhaust gas conditions from the power generation engine installed in the training ship SEGERO. The effect of 100CPSI(60Cell) cell density was compared with that of 25.8CPSI(30Cell) cell density that already had NOx reduction data from the SCR manufacturing. The experimental catalysts were honeycomb type and its compositions and materials of V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ were retained, with only change on cell density. As a result, the NOx concentration reduction rate from 100CPSI(60Cell) catalyst was 88.5%, and IMO specific NOx emission was 0.99g/kwh satisfying the IMO Tier III NOx emission requirement. The NOx concentration reduction rate from 25.8CPSI(30Cell) was 78%, and IMO specific NOx emission was 2.00g/kwh. Comparing the NOx concentration reduction rate and emission of 100CPSI(60Cell) and 25.8CPSI(30Cell) catalysts, notably, the NOx concentration reduction rate of 100CPSI(60Cell) catalyst was 10.5% higher and its IMO specific NOx emission was about twice less than that of the 25.8CPSI(30Cell) catalysts. Therefore, an efficient NOx reduction effect can be expected by increasing the cell density of catalysts. In other words, effects to production cost reduction, efficient arrangement of engine room and cargo space can be estimated from the reduced catalyst volume.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 1999

Platycodon root contains abundant pharmaceutical substances and is widely used as a food and a medicinal herb. This study was conducted to determine the cultural environment and soil morphological characteristics of platycodon. Sampling sites were Keochang 4, Kimhae 7, Haman 6, Chinju 6 and Koseong 3 fields in Kyongnam province and Hongcheong 6 fields in Kangwon province. The average continious cropping year was highest Chinju 8.0-years old, whereas lowest Hongcheon 2.3-years old. The average cropping area and compost application were highest Hongcheon 1.3ha and $108Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively than other areas. The slope was in order to Koseong steep slope with 35%. Koechang 28%, Flaman 16%, Chinju 11.7%, Kimhae 11% and Hongcheon 7.5%. The drainage classes was well drained in Koechang. Kimhae, Chinju and Koseong, while it s poorly drained in Hongcheon and Haman. Distribution of topography was highest rolling 37.9% and drainage classes was highest well drained 48.3%. The root disease incidence rate was in the order of Haman 56.8%, Hongcheon 52.5%, Kimhae 36.7%, Koechang 35.3%, Chinju 32.3% and Koseong 30.0%. The yield at the Chinju $36.17Mg\;ha^{-1}$ was higher than that of Koseong $25.00Mg\;ha^{-1}$, Kimhae $13.57Mg\;ha^{-1}$, Koechang $11.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$, Haman $9.50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and Hongcheon $5.24Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The average temperature was correlated with the disease incidence rate by $Y=3.07X^2-87.16X+649.26(R^2=0.947^{**})$ and yield by $Y=-478.68X^2+13403X-90836(R^2=0.763^*)$. The root disease incidence rate was correlated with drainage classes Y=19.1X-5.26($R^2=0.592{***}$), topography Y=9.68X+10.77($R^2=0.205^{**}$) and slope Y=0.85X+-27.88 ($R^2=0.143^*$). The yield was correlated with drainage classes Y=-10X+42($R^2=0.348^{**}$), topography Y=-5.34X+34.5 ($R^2=0.134^*$) and slope Y=-0.68X+25.48($R^2=0.129^*$). The optimum cultivated land of perennial platycodon was average temperature $14^{\circ}C$, direction of southeast, topography of flat or undulating, slope of 0-6%, well drained.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.527-533
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• 2006

Spinel $LiNi_xMn_{2-x}O_4$ thin films were synthesized up to x = 0.9 by a sol-gel method employing spin-coating. The Ni-substituted films were found to maintain cubic structure at low x but to exhibit tetragonal structure for $x{\geq}0.6$. Such cubic-tetragonal phase transition indicates that $Ni^{3+}(d7)$ ions with low-spin $(t_{2g}^6,e_g^1)$ state occupy the octahedral sites of the compound, thus being subject to the Jahn-Teller distortion. By x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy both $Ni^{2+}$ and $Ni^{3+}$ ions were detected. Optical properties of the $LiNi_xMn_{2-x}O_4$ films were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the visible?ultraviolet range. The measured dielectric function spectra by SE mainly consist of broad absorption structures attributed to charge-transfer (CT) transitions, $O^{2-}(2p){\rightarrow}Mn^{4+}(3d)$ for 1.9 $(t_{2g})$ and $2.8{\sim}3.0$ eV $(e_g)$ structures and $O^{2-}(2p){\rightarrow}Mn^{3+}(3d)$ for 2.3 $(t_{2g})$ and $3.4{\sim}3.6$ eV $(e_g)$ structures. Also, sharp absorption structures were observed at about 1.6, 1.7, and 1.9 eV, interpreted as due to d-d crystal-field transitions within the octahedral $Mn^{3+}$ ion. The strengths of these absorption structures are reduced by the Ni substitution. Rapid reduction of the CT transition strength involving the eg states for x = 0.6 is attributed to the reduced wavefunction overlap between the $e_g$ and the $O^{2-}(2p)$ states due to the tetragonal extension of the lattice constant by the Jahn-Teller effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.210-211
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• 2009

In this study, we propose characteristics improvement methods according to via hole plating method for FBAR Duplexer with US PCS($T_x$:1850MHz~1910MHz, $R_x$:1930MHz~1990MHz) bandwidth which is used for wireless systems. Also, we designed and fabricated 3.8*3.8*1.8mm size microminiature FBAR Duplexer based on this proposal. First of all, in this study, we fabricated pentagon shape resonators by different size to make filter combination, and their quality factor(Q) are 687 with 6.6% of $k_{eff}^2$. Using this resonators, designed 3*2Type $T_x$ filter and 3*4Type $R_x$ filter. The transmission line, which works as phase shifter, is designed with $210{\mu}m$ in width and 18mm in length Stripline type. Inductor, which is used for matching component, is designed with width of $75{\mu}m$, a technically achievable minimum width. And adopted plating method of filling via hole with conductive epoxy for improved grounding and thermal conductivity. Using these configuration with all of the matching component values, we found Duplexer characteristics of -1.57dB ~ -1.73dB in insertion loss, -56dB in attenuation at 1850MHz~1910MHz of $T_x$ band. Also, found -2.71 dB ~ -3.23dB in insertion loss, -58dB in attenuation at 1930MHz~1990MHz of $R_x$ band.