• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2019

Stability and activity of boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode are key factors for water treatment. In this study, BDD electrodes were prepared on various substrates such as Nb, Si, Ti, and $TiN_x/Ti$ by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. BDD/Ti film showed the delamination between BDD and Ti substrate due to the formation of TiC layer caused by diffusion of carbon. On the other hand, $BDD/TiN_x/Ti$ showed remarkably improved stability, compared to BDD/Ti. It was confirmed that $TiN_x$ intermediate layer act as barrier layer for diffusion of carbon. High potential window of 2.8 eV was maintained on the $BDD/TiN_x/Ti$ electrode and, better wastewater treatment capability and longer electrode working life than BDD/Nb, BDD/Si and BDD/Ti were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.287-292
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• 2022

Magnesium-antimonide is a well-known zintl phase thermoelectric material with low band gap energy, earth-abundance and characteristic electron-crystal phonon-glass properties. The nominal composition Mg_3.8-xZn_xSb₂ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.02) was synthesized by controlled melting and subsequent vacuum hot pressing method. To investigate phase development and surface morphology during the process, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. It should be noted that an additional 16 at. % Mg must be added to the system to compensate for Mg loss during the melting process. This study evaluated the thermoelectric properties of the material in terms of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity from the low to high temperature regime. The results demonstrated that substituting Zn at Mg sites increased electrical conductivity without significantly affecting the Seebeck coefficient. The maximal dimensionless figure of merit achieved was 0.30 for x = 0.01 at 855 K which is 30% greater than the intrinsic value. Electronic flow properties were also evaluated and discussed to explain the carrier transport mechanism involved in the thermoelectric properties of this alloy system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3380-3389
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• 2022

We evaluated the performance of an improved hybrid median filter (IHMF) applied to X-ray computed tomography (CT) images obtained using a high-resolution photon-counting cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector. To study how the proposed approach improves the image quality, we measured the noise levels and the overall CT-image quality. We established a CZT imaging system with a detector length of 5.12 cm and thickness of 0.3 cm and acquired phantom images. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed filter, we first modeled two conventional median filters. Subsequently, we were able to achieve a normalized noise power spectrum result of ~10^-8 mm², and furthermore, the proposed method improved the contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor of ~1.51 and the coefficient of variation by 1.55 relative to the counterpart values of the no-filter image. In addition, the IHMF exhibited the best performance among the three filters considered as regards the peak signal-to-noise ratio and no-reference-based image-quality evaluation parameters. Thus, our results demonstrate that the IHMF approach provides a superior image performance over conventional median filtering methods when applied to actual CZT X-ray CT images.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.665-674
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalometric characteristics of the open-bite patients with DJD of TMJ. The DJD open-bite cases were compared with normal samples and Class II open-bite cases with normal TMJ respectively. Twenty three open-bite patients with bilateral DJD of TMJ($13.9\~35.3$ yens old, Group I) were selected from the Department of Orthodontics, SNUDH. Group ll consisted of thirteen Class II open-bite cases($13.2\~27.4$ years old) with no TMD signs/symtoms and good condylar shapes. Group III samples were the forty eight healthy dental students who have Class I molar relationships with no history of orthodontic treatment, good facial balance and no TMD symptoms($20.0\~26.8$ years old). First, sixty measurements in the lateral cephalometric radiographs and analysis of variance(P<0.05, Scheffe) were used to compare these three groups. The seven measurements showed significant difference(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. After analysis of variance, six of them were used for the discriminant analysis(Wilks' stepwise analysis) and the discrminant function for Group I/Group II was obtained. The results and conclusions were as follows : In most of the measurments, Group I and Group II showed the same skeletal and dental characteristics. But seven of the sixty measurements(FH-PP angle, SNB, FH-ArGo angle, articulare angle, genial angle, upper gonial angle and Ar-Go length) were significantly different(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. These differences may be explained by the fact that in DJD cases the mandible rotated backward due to the shortening of the ramus following the degenerative destruction of condylar head and its surrounding structures. The resulting discriminant function was : $D={-0.120X}_1+{0.066X}_2+{0.144X}_3-{0.058X}_4+2000,\;where\;X_1=ArGo\;length(mm),\;X_2=SArGo\;angle(degree),\;X_3=FH-PP\;angle(degree),\;X_4=Gonial\;angle(degree)$. Mean of the group centroids was -0.555 and percent of the 'grouped' cases correctly classified was $88.89\%$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1998

In this work, we have investigated the change of surface roughness, grain size and crystallinity of Poly-$Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ films deposited with the variation of deposition parameters (temperature, pressure, Ge composition ) and the effect of these results on the electrical resistivity. The crystallinity and the grain size were increased with increasing deposition temperature and Ge composition. Also, the electrical resistivity was decreased by enhanced grain size, while the surface roughness was increased. With increasing deposition pressure, the crystallinity was increased, but the grain size and the cluster size were decreased, by which the surface roughness was decreased. And the electrical resistivity was increased. Based on the effect of the crystallinity and the grain size on the electrical resistivity, it was founded that the electrical resistivity was depend on the grain size rather than the crystallinity.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Thick film $H_2$ sensors were fabricated using $SnO_2$ loaded with $Ag_2O$ and $PtO_x$. The composition that gave the highest sensitivity for $H_2$ was in the weight% ratio of $SnO_2 : PtO_x : Ag_2O$ as 93 : 1 : 6. The nano-crystalline powders of $SnO_2$ synthesized by sol-gel method were screen printed with $Ag_2O$ and $PtO_x$ on alumina substrates. The fabricated sensors were tested against gases like $H_2$, $CH_4$, $C_3H_8$, $C_2H_5OH$ and $SO_2$. The composite material was found sensitive against $H_2$ at the working temperature $130^{\circ}C$, with minor interference of other gases. The $H_2$ gas as low as 100 ppm can be detected by the present fabricated sensors. It was found that the sensors based on $SnO_2-Ag_2O-PtO_x$ system exhibited the high performance, high selectivity and very short response time to $H_2$ at ppm level. These characteristics make the sensor to be a promising candidate for detecting low concentrations of $H_2$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.829-837
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• 2014

Titania-supported chromium oxides with different loadings have been embarked in catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) to inquire association of the formation of crystalline $Cr_2O_3$ with catalytic performances. A better activity in the oxidative TCE decomposition at chosen temperatures was represented when chromium oxides ($CrO_x$) had been dispersed on pure anatase-type $TiO_2$ (DT51D) rather than on phase-mixed and sulfur-contained ones such as P25 and DT51. The extent of TCE oxidation at temperatures below $350^{\circ}C$ was a strong function of $CrO_x$ content in $CrO_x$/DT51D $TiO_2$, and a noticeable point was that the catalyst has two optimal $CrO_x$ loadings in which the lowest $T_{50}$ and $T_{90}$ values were measured for the TCE oxidation. This behavior in the activity with respect to $CrO_x$ amounts could be associated with the formation of crystalline $Cr_2O_3$ on the support surface, that is less active for the oxidation reaction, and an easier mobility of the surface oxygen existing in noncrystalline $CrO_x$ species with higher oxidation states, such as $Cr_2O_8$ and $CrO_3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.444-444
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• 2013

변형 다중양자우물은 전자 소자와 광전자 소자에 응용할 수 있는 가능성 때문에 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 합성 물질들의 초격자를 연속적으로 증착, 성장하는 디지털 합금은 다중양자우물을 활용한 광전자 소자에서 응용가치가 상당히 높다. 현재 디지털 합금을 이용한 다중양자우물의 성장과 관련한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고, 특히 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물은 광전자 소자로서의 응용가치가 부각되고 있다. 그러나 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 성장 및 광학적 성질에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나, InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 변형효과를 고려한 전자적 성질에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에 대한 전자적 성질의 연구는 광소자의 성능 향상을 위해 매우 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 합금 성장 방법으로 형성한 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 부띠 사이 천이와 전자 분포를 고찰하였다. 온도에 따른 광루미네센스의 측정을 통해 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서 나타나는 부띠 사이의 천이를 관찰하였다. 가변 메시 유한 차분법을 이용한 이산적 모델을 통해 변형효과가 다중양자우물 구조에서 부띠에 주는 영향을 조사하였다. 격자의 불일치로 인한 변형 효과와 8-band envelope function approximation을 고려한 슈뢰딩거 방정식을 사용하여 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 전자 부띠 에너지와 에너지 파동 함수를 계산하였다. 계산한 부띠 사이 천이 에너지와 광루미네센스 측정에서 보인 엑시톤 천이 에너지를 비교하였을 때, 작은 차이 값이 나타났다. 증착과정에서의 이종접합사이에서 발생하는 불확실성을 고려한다면 이 차이 값은 오차범위 안에 포함되며, 계산 값과 실험 값이 잘 일치하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.301-307
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• 2013

In the present study, space doses generated during X-ray radiography of hand, head, and abdomen, etc. were examined and whether the intensity of space doses of scattering rays is attenuated by the "inverse square law of distance" was figured out. First, the space doses of X-ray with small amounts of generated scattering rays such as hand radiography were mostly attenuated by the "inverse square law of distance" and were not detected at all at a distance of 2m. Second, the space doses of X-ray with large amounts of generated scattering rays such as head or abdomen radiography attenuated in higher rates than the rates under the "inverse square law of distance" at distances ranging from 30cm to 1m from the center of the irradiation field and were attenuated by the "inverse square law of distance" at distances ranging from 1m to 2m. Therefore, in X-ray rooms, the subject should be at least 2m away from the center of the irradiation field in the case of hand radiography and X-ray exposure prevention actions using protective devices are required in the entire spaces of the X-ray rooms in the case of head or abdomen radiography.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.1391-1402
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• 2005

All industrial Products of today are various demand of customers and are switchovered the manufacturing system of a small quantity batch production. Its life cycle was very shortened. An enterprise is improved to satisfaction with external customers and internal customers of infinity competition time. They can exist on achieving customer satisfaction management. In this paper, a new implementation of service information system (SIS) with real time using RFID and X-Internet in Ubiquitous environments is proposed. The proposed SIS system has Web architecture based on XML and has a new X-Internet environment overcoming limitation of Client/server architecture. The service information system analyze its material data and suppress the same CLAIM creation. The implementation method of real time SIS system using RFID and X-Internet is proposed for contribution of business market reducing F-Cost.