• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1993

A retrospective analysis of various characteristics in 32 limited stage small cell lung cancer patients treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from April 1983 to September 1991, was carried out to identify factors which had prognostic significance for survival from initiation of radiation therapy. There were 26 men and 6 women. Median age was 63 years (range: 24-78 years). The follow up duration was 1.5 to 44 months (median: 9 months). External radiation therapy was done with daily 160-180 cGy,5 fraction/week, total of 1000-6660 cGy (median: 4500 cGy) to the mediastinum by 6 MV linear accelerator. Of 32 Patients, 27 ($84.4{\%}$) patients were treated with combined modality (chemotherapy plus radiation therapy), and 5 ($15.6{\%}$) patients were treated with radiation therapy only. Complete responders were 12 patients ($37.5{\%}$), partial responders were 11 ($34.4{\%}$), and no responders were 9($28.1{\%}$). Karnofsky performance status over 70 (p<0.04), chemotherapy regimen (CAV, PV, and CAV+PV) (p<0.04),6 or more cycles of chemotherapy (p<0.007), radiation therapy over 4500 cGy (p<0.03), and radiation therapy responder (CR+PR) (p<0.003) showed a significantly favorable influence on 1 year survival rate. Age (p=0.545), sex (p=0.666), presence of superior vena cava syndrome (p=0.719), prophylactic cranial irradiation (p=0.217), and radiation therapy duration (p=0.491) had no effect on survival. Radiation induced side effects were transient esophagitis in 11 ($34{\%}$), general weakness in 9($28{\%}$), gastrointestinal symptoms in terms of nausea, vomiting and indigestion in 5 ($15{\%}$) and leukopenia in 1 ($3{\%}$).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

Purpose : The risk of severe tuberculous disease such as meningitis or miliary tuberculosis increases as younger is the child at the time of infection. Therefore, the early diagnosis and prompt treatment is mandatory for infants with tuberculosis. This study was undertaken to describe the epidemiology, clinical and radiographic manifestations, and response to therapy in infants with tuberculous disease. Methods : Medical records of 29 infants with tuberculosis diagnosed at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from July, 1985, to April, 1997, were reviewed, retrospectively. A case of tuberculosis was confirmed if M. tuberculosis was isolated from any body site or if there was histologic proof of tuberculosis. Otherwise, the diagnoses were individualized considering history of contact with contagious adult case, clinical manifestations, chest X-ray findings, result of a Mantoux test reaction with 5 tuberculin unit of PPD, and the response to therapy. Results : The mean age at diagnosis was $7.00{\pm}2.65$ months (range, 3 to 12 months). Twelve cases had isolated pulmonary diseases, and the rest had pulmonary disease and meningitis, 5 cases; pulmonary disease and cervical lymphadenitis, 3; isolated meningitis, 3; and miliary tuberculosis, 6. Source case was identified in 19 cases, 7 of which were detected with retrograde manner. Twenty seven of 29 were symptomatic at their initial visit. The presenting symptoms were mainly respiratory or neurologic, and respiratory difficulty was accompanied in 7 cases. Physical examination revealed wheezing in 7 cases and decreased breath sounds in 9. Hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly were frequent. Chest radiographs showed lung parenchymal disease with hilar lymphadenopathy in 18 cases, and focal or generalized emphysematous change in 7 cases. Conclusion : Most of the infants with tuberculosis are symptomatic at diagnosis, and many of infants with intrathoracic tuberculosis presented with symptoms of bronchial obstruction. When tuberculosis is suspected in an infant, the adult source case should be vigorously investigated to aid in diagnosis and for the prevention of further transmission of tuberculous disease. Almost half of infant tuberculosis are preventable if prophylaxis were given when adult cases were diagnosed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Measurement of bone marrow measurements may occur if bone marrow examination performed with bone marrow examination (bone marrow examination) and bone density (bone scan) are performed together recently. Thus, it was examined in clinical aspects that $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ compounds were affected by bone mineral density measurements. The average age of the participants in the experiment was $35.17{\pm}9.45$ and the patient fractures of the lumbar vertebrae that could affect the metabolic disease and bone density measurements affecting the metabolic disease of the 17 subjects. 6 patients with normal bone mineral density T-scores>-1.0 in 12 patients were analyzed before and after the administration of $^{99m}Tc-MDP$. In the lumbar spine, the average of $0.975{\pm}0.084g/cm^2$ and $0.966{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ were increased by $0.009g/cm^2$. respectively In the right proximal femur, mean values were $0.909{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ and $0.913{\pm}0.086g/cm^2$. In the right proximal thigh, mean values were $0.909{\pm}0.078g/cm^2$ and $0.913{\pm}0.08 g/cm^2$, respectively, which decreased by $0.004g/cm^2$. In the left side proximal femur, mean $0.887{\pm}0.099g/cm^2$ and $0.881{\pm}0.103g/cm^2$, respectively, increased by $0.007g/cm^2$. Therefore, the BMD changes in the lumbar region were larger than that in the proximal thigh. In addition, $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ did not affect the BMD. And a bone scan test using a technetium-labeled compound emitting a gamma-ray energy of 140 keV did not significantly affect bone density measurements. However, if the nuclear medical examination and the osteoporosis test are to be performed together, the examination should be carried out at intervals considering the exposures of the patient.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.577-585
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of beam delivery QA software using the MLC dynalog file, about the VMAT plan with AAPM TG-119 protocol. The Clinac iX with a built-in 120 MLC was used to acquire the MLC dynalog file be imported in MobiusFx(MFX). To establish VMAT plan, Oncentra RTP system was used target and organ structures were contoured in Im'RT phantom. For evaluation of dose distribution was evaluated by using gamma index, and the point dose was evaluated by using the CC13 ion chamber in Im'RT phantom. For the evaluation of point dose, the mean of relative error between measured and calculated value was $1.41{\pm}0.92%$(Target) and $0.89{\pm}0.86%$(OAR), the confidence limit were 3.21(96.79%, Target) and 2.58(97.42%, OAR). For the evaluation of dose distribution, in case of $Delta^{4PT}$, the average percentage of passing rate were $99.78{\pm}0.2%$(3%/3 mm), $96.86{\pm}1.76%$(2%/2 mm). In case of MFX, the average percentage of passing rate were $99.90{\pm}0.14%$(3%/3 mm), $97.98{\pm}1.97%$(2%/2 mm), the confidence limits(CL) were in case of $Delta^{4PT}$ 0.62(99.38%, 3%/3 mm), 6.6(93.4%, 2%/2 mm), in case of MFX, 0.38(99.62%, 3%/3 mm), 5.88(94.12%, 2%/2 mm). In this study, we performed VMAT QA method using dynamic MLC log file compare to binary diode array chamber. All analyzed results were satisfied with acceptance criteria based on TG-119 protocol.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.121-125
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• 2011

Purpose: The DNA-type virus HBV, discovered by D. Dane and others in 1976, is approximately 42nm big and known as the main cause of liver-related diseases around the world. HBsAg has 4 kinds of subtypes including adw, adr, ayw and ayr and besides common antigen factor a, there are d, y, r, w. From the methods of serologically testing HBV, IRMA, EIA and CLIa were developed for testing HBsAg and are being used in examining the surface antigen of HBV. In this study, among the methods for testing HBV, the recently developed RIAKEY Ultrasensitive HBsAg IRMA kit's sensitivity level and performance in detection of mutant forms were measured and compared with CLIA. Materials and methods: Two certified reference materials, which are WHO 1st International Standard 1985(80/549) and WHO 2nd International Standard 2003(00/588. subtype adw2, genotypeA), were used in the examination and the sensitivity level was measured by diluting these materials from 0.08 IU/ml to 0.005 IU/ml. The materials for examining the detection of mutant forms included 9 kinds of subtype 'ad' and one kind of subtype 'ay' purchased from DSI company. Also, with the use of positive and negative samples, they was compared with CLIA. Result: Ultrasensitive HBsAg kit based on IRMA method showed the detection of up to 0.01 IU/ml not only for WHO 1st International Standard 1985(80/549) but also for WHO 2nd International Standard 2003(00/588. subtype adw2, genotypeA) and the sensitivity level was measured as 0.01 IU/ml by WHO standard. In testing the performance for detection of mutant forms, the 9 kinds of subtype 'ad' and one kind of subtype 'ay' mutant materials were detected, demonstrating the capacity of detecting various types of mutant forms. Conclusions: With the clinical importance of sensitivity level and performance in detection of mutant forms increasing in the field of HBsAg diagnosis, the examination of IRMA's effectiveness using RIA method in the aspects of the sensitivity level and performance in detection of mutant forms was carried out and its result is as follows. The sensitivity level was measured as 0.01 IU/ml by WHO standard and it was possible to measure various types of mutant forms with high sensitivity. Thus it is suggested that more speedy and accurate reports could be produced from a nuclear medicine laboratory for clinical practitioners requiring results of various situations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2018

This study investigated the influence of starch extraction (ST-EX) solutions on the extraction yield and characteristics of Chinese yam (CY) starches from domestic Dioscorea batatas. Ascorbic acid (VitC), $Na_2S_2O_3$, $NaHCO_3$, and $Na_2CO_3$ were used as ST-EX solutions (0.4%, w/v). The extracted CY starches were examined for ST-EX yield, chemical composition, size distribution, X-ray diffraction, solubility, swelling power, gelatinization, and pasting viscosity. The highest ST-EX yield was obtained from $NaHCO_3$, followed by VitC. Lower protein content, relative crystallinity, and gelatinization enthalpy were found in CY starches from alkaline ST-EX solutions ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2CO_3$). Size distribution and gelatinization temperature did not generally differ for CY starches from the different ST-EX solutions. Pasting viscosities increased in the order from $Na_2CO_3$ > $Na_2S_2O_3$ > $NaHCO_3$ > VitC ST-EX solutions. Thus, VitC may be most appropriate to extract CY starch from Dioscorea rhizomes, considering its ST-EX yield, total starch content, and variation in pasting viscosity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1985

In studying the structural work on ciguatoxin, parrot fish collected were identified as Scarus sordidus, S. frenatus, S. scaber and S. pectarlis, in which only S. sordidus contained toxic materials. Crude toxins obtained by silicic acid column chromatography, could be separated on a DEAE-cellulose column into two fractions, ST-1(less polar) and ST-2(polar) eluted with chloroform and chloroform-methanol(1:1). Furthermore ST-1 could be changed into ST-2 by repeated chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Rf values of ST-1 and ST-2 were 0.60-0.75 and 0.30-0.54 on TLC coated with silica gel 60F-254 developed by chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (90:9.5:0.2:0.3) mixture. The peaks of ST-1 and ST-2 were not observed on each HPLC chromatogram at low sensitivity(2X), but by bioassay they were detected in the fraction of 24-27ml(less polar toxin, 120ng) and 22-27 ml (polar toxin, 150 ng). Less polar ciguatoxin from morey eel viscera also showed its peak in the same elution volume(25ml). Being subjected to chromatography on basic aluminum oxide (activity grade I) or to alkaline treatment, followed by basic aluminum oxide (activity grade I) chromatography ST-1 toxin was remarkably converted into the polar toxic component supposed to be polar ciguatoxin in both cases. In the latter case, approximately 74% of the residual toxicity was changed into the polar component, accompanied by about 50% loss of the initial toxicity. More than 26% of ST-2 toxicity was transformed into the less polar toxic component supposed to be less polar ciguatoxin on a deactivated aluminum oxide (activity grade V) column.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2005

Nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B powder was synthesized by a new thermochemical process that combined with past reduction-diffusion process and spray-dry process. In this process, Ca reduction process is vary important due to formation of hard magnetic$Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B$ phase from various oxides by Ca powder. Therefore, the final products are essentially affected a shape, size, and composition etc. of the Ca reduced powders. Ca reduction was performed to way that raw powders just mixed with Ca powder in proper ratio unlike to compress into compact. The powders after mixture-type Ca reduction mainly composited with $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B$ phase even relativily low reaction temperature ($800^{\circ}C$) and all particle size of powder were distributed less than 1 ${\mu}m$ except for powder after Ca oxides as magnetic properties of powders after cake-type Ca reduction, with the consequence that high magnetic properties has been expected. The magnetic properties of powders prepared by mixture-type Ca ruduction, with the conseqence that high magnatic properties has been expected. The magnetic properties of powders prepared by mixture-type Ca reduction process showed $_iH_c$ = 5.9 kOe, $B_r$ = 5.5 kG, (BH)max = $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B{\to}Nd_{2}Fe_{17}B$ decomposition by violent exothermic reaction during washing.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study is to look for the possible efficacy of external irradiation for locally advanced papillary thyroid cancers (stage pT4 or Nl ). Methods and Materials : From August 1981 through September 1997, 91 Patients with locally advanced papillary thyroid cancers (stage pT4 or Nl ) have been treated with external irradiation and followed up at our clinic. All of the patients have been treated with surgical resection. After surgery, 23 patients received postoperative external irradiation with or without ablative radioiodine therapy, whereas the other 68 patients were treated with ablative radioiodine therapy alone. Distributions of sex, age, and stage were comparable in both irradiated and nonirradiated groups. Multivariate analysis of the influence by age, sex, stage, ablative radioiodine therapy and external irradiation on local control were peformed by using Cox's proportional hazard model. Results : Overall survival rates at 7 years were of no significant difference in both groups. There were $98.1\%$ for no RT group and $90\%$ for RT group (p=0.506). 5-year local control rates were significantly different, these were $95.2\%$ for RT group and $67.5\%$ for no RT group (p=0.0408). An analysis of the prognostic factors, age, sex, stage, and RAI were not significant variables, except for the external irradiation. Conclusion : Adjuvant postoperative external irradiation did not affect overall survival, but significantly improved local control in the patients with locally advanced papillary thyroid cancers (stage pT4 or lympy node involvement).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2003

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the role of postoperative radiation therapy in extrahepatic bile duct cancers. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2001, 41 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer having undergone surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 41 patients, 22 were treated by surgery alone (Group I) with remaining 19 treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (Group II). A gross total surgical resection with pathologically negative margins was peformed in 11 of the patients (50$\%$) in Group 1, and in 7 of the patients (36.8$\%$) in Group II. There were no significant differences in the disease stage, surgical procedure or pathological characteristics of the two groups. The patients in group II received 45$\~$54 Gy (median: 50.4 Gy) of external beam radiation therapy to the tumor bed and draining nodal area. Results: The local failure rate was significantly higher In group I (54.5$\%$) than in group II (15.8$\%$)(p=0.01). Of the 12 failed patients in Group I and the 3 failed patients in group II, 7 and 3 had a positive resection margin. The overall 3-year survival rates were 38.3 and 38.9$\%$ and the 3-year disease free survival rates were 18.8 and 26.3$\%$ in groups I and II, respectively. However, the patients with positive resection margins who received adjuvant radiation therapy had higher 3-year overall survival rates than those with surgery alone (36.4$\%$ vs. 24.2$\%$, p=0.06), and 3-year disease free survival rate was significantly higher in the group II patients who had positive margins compared with those in group I (25.0$\%$ vs. 18.2$\%$, p=0.04). Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy appeared to reduce the incidence of local failure in patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and might improve the survival rate in the patients with positive resection margins.