• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of violence experienced by small and medium sized hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2017, using self-report questionnaires. Responses from 87 nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced violence from patients (60.2%), visitors (25.5%), doctors (12.2%), and other staffs (2.0%). Verbal violence (80.5%) and physical threats (74.7%) were more frequent than physical violence (25.3%). Violence occurred throughout the hospital. However, verbal violence ($x^2=20.85$, p=.005) and physical threat ($x^2=20.80$, p=.006) were statistically significant according to the department. Violence occurred most frequently in surgical ward, followed by artificial kidney room, emergency room, and outpatient department. Conclusion: Most nurses are exposed to frequent violence. These results suggest that hospital should improve the respective organizational cultures and develop promotional programs and administrative policies to prevent violence. Also, hospitals should develop of violence intervention policies and education programs and counseling programs for nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of cementation of soil induced by bacteria. In order to understand the mechanism of cementation of soft soils treated with bacteria, six types of specimens(Not treated, Normal concentration bacteria treatment, High concentration bacteria treatment, Supernatant high concentration bacteria treatment, Double high concentration bacteria treatment, and 25% Specimen high concentration bacteria treatment) were made. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDX and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on the soft silt and loose sand specimens. Compared with the normal bacteria concentration treated specimen, a clearer cementation between particles was observed in the 25% specimen high bacteria concentration treated specimen. On the basis of the preliminary results, it appears that microbial cementation can occur in the soft soil.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.430-433
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• 2017

This paper presents a S/C/X-band LNA MMIC with resistive feedback structure in 0.25 um GaN HEMT process. The GaN devices have advantages as a high output power device having high breakdown voltage, energy band gap and stability at high temperature. Since the receiver using the GaN device with high linearity can be implemented without a limiter, the noise figure of the receiver can be improved and the size of receiver module can be reduced. The proposed GaN LNA MMIC based on 0.25 um GaN HEMT device is achieved the gain of > 15 dB, the noise figure of < 3 dB, the input return loss of > 13 dB, and the output return loss of > 8 dB in the S/C/X-band. The current consumption of GaN LNA MMIC is 70 mA with the drain voltage 20 V and the gate voltage -3 V.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 1991

If the postoperative pulmonary function can be predicted in the patients undergoing pneumonectomy for lung cancer preoperatively, it will be helpful for identifying them as high or low risk candidates. Perfusion lung scan and spirometry were performed in 12 patients with lung cancer pre-operatively and the predicted postoperative Vital Capacity, FVC, FEV1.0, FEF25 - 75% and MVV were estimated by multiplying the preoperative values by the percentage of perfusion of the nonsurgical lung. Three months postoperation the patients were reinvestigated with spirometry and the obtained values were compared with the predicted values. The linear regression lines derived from the correlation between predicted values [X] and observed values [Y] were as follows; VC; R=0.532, Y=0.48X+1.28, P=0.075 FVC; R=0.566, Y=O 54X+1.15, P=0.055 FEV1.0; R=0.832, Y=0.68X+0.70, P=0.001 FEF25 ~ 75%; R=0.781, Y=0.68X+0.54, P=0.003 MVV; R=0.718, Y=0.67X+34.75, P=0.009 The prediction of postoperative FEV1.0, FEF25 ~ 75% and MVV in lung cancer patients undergoing pneumonectomy appear to be valid for evaluating preoperative pulmonary function.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2016

Background: The milk yield can be affected by the frequency of milking per day, in dairy cows. Previous studies have shown that the milk yield is increased by 6.25 % per lactation when the milking frequency is increased from 2 to 3 times per day while the somatic cell count is decreased. To investigate the effect of milking frequency (3X vs. 4X) on milk yield and it's genetic parameters in the first and second lactations of the Iranian Holstein dairy cows, a total of 142,604 test day (TD) records of milk yield were measured on 20,762 cows. Results: Heritability estimates of milk yield were 0.25 and 0.19 for 3X milking frequency and 0.34 and 0.26 for 4X milking frequency throughout the first and second lactations, respectively. Repeatability estimates of milk yield were 0.70 and 0.71 for 3X milking frequency and 0.76 and 0.77 for 4X milking frequency, respectively. In comparison with 3X milking frequency, the milk yield of the first and second lactations was increased by 11.6 and 12.2 %, respectively when 4X was used (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this research demonstrated that increasing milking frequency led to an increase in heritability and repeatability of milk yield. The current investigation provided clear evidences for the benefits of using 4X milking frequency instead of 3X in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.221-224
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• 2000

The microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Mg$_{1}$3/Ta$_{2}$3/)O$_3$-xBa(Co$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$[BMT-BCN] ceramics were investigated. The specimens were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. It was found that Ba(Mg$_{1}$3/Ta$_{2}$3/)O$_3$ and Ba(Co$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$ formed a solid solution with complex perovskite structure. Increasing the BCN content, dielectric constant was increased, but temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was decreased. In the range of x$\geq$0.4, dielectric constant was about 30. 0.55BMT-0.45BCN ceramics showed excellent microwave dielectric properties with $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=30.84, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=75,325[GHz] and $\tau$$_{f}$=-2.9015[ppm/$^{\circ}C$].X>].

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.711-720
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of aging treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of AZ61-xPd (x = 0, 1 and 2 wt%) alloys were investigated. The microstructure of as-cast AZ61-xPd alloys mainly consisted of ${\alpha}-Mg$, $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ and $Al_4Pd$ phases. After solution treatment, most of the $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ phases were dissolved into the Mg matrix. Thereafter, $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ phases were finely formed and distributed near thermally stable $Al_4Pd$ phases and inside the grains through aging treatment at $220^{\circ}C$ during 88 hours. With the aging at $220^{\circ}C$, the peak aged AZ61-xPd alloys showed higher hardness than as-cast and solution treated AZ61-xPd alloys. In particular, the AZ61-1Pd alloy was optimized due to refined $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ and $Al_4Pd$ phases. Further, the peak aging time was reduced with increasing Pd addition (>1 wt%). Tensile strength was increased by Pd addition at $25^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, both as-cast and peak aged AZ61-xPd alloys. After aging treatment, room and high temperature tensile strength were increased more than the as-cast specimens. The AZ61-1Pd alloy especially showed the largest strength increase range. Elongation was decreased with addition Pd at $25^{\circ}C$ and $150^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.722-727
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• 2022

In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a power amplifier (PA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) in the X-band. The device is designed using a 0.25 ㎛ gate length AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on SiC process. The developed X-band AlGaN/GaN power amplifier MMIC achieves small signal gain of over 21.6 dB and output power more than 46.11 dBm (40.83 W) in the entire band of 9 GHz to 10 GHz. Its power added efficiency (PAE) is 43.09% ~ 44.47% and the chip dimensions are 3.6 mm × 4.3 mm. The generated output power density is 2.69 W/mm². It seems that the developed AlGaN/GaN power amplifier MMIC could be applicable to various X-band radar systems operating X-band.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-35
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• 2014

We report here results of a study of superconductivity in the ($Ta_{1-x} Sn_x)Sr_2EuCu_2O_z$ system. We observe resistive superconducting transitions for the samples with x = 0.15-0.3, and the highest superconducting transition has been achieved for the sample with x = 0.2 which reveals onset $T_c$ of 43 K and zero-resistivity of 25 K. Thermoelectric power measurements indicate that Sn doping introduces holes into the system and thereby superconductivity can be achieved in the ($Ta_{1-x} Sn_x)Sr_2EuCu_2O_z$ system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2007

3성분계 $Ti-C_x-N_{1-x}$ 코팅막은 AIP(Arc Ion Plating)법에 의해 -25V의 바이어스와 $300^{\circ}C$의 분위기에서 스테인리스 스틸 기판 위에 증착시켰다. $Ti-C_x-N_{1-x}$ 코팅막 안의 탄소(carbon)는 유입가스 비 $CH_4/(CH_4+N_2)$를 변화시키며 합성하였다. 탄소(carbon)가 증가함으로써, $Ti-C_x-N_{1-x}$ 코팅막의 미세경도는 TiN 코팅막의 20 GPa로부터 x=0.52에서 최대 약 32 GPa로 측정되었다. 또한, 미세구조는 잔류응력과 관련 있으며 탄소 함량에 따라 평균마찰계수가 크게 감소하였다.