• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bone Mineral Density(BMD) at mandible. So, we studied how to measure the BMD at mandible using DEXA(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) by Horner er al (1996) and knew reproducibility of the measurements. Thirty-five patients (13 men, 22 women, mean age : 25.4 years) were examined using the GE Lunar Prodigy Advance(LUNAR Corporation, madison, USA). They were examined in Semiprone position of their body and true lateral position of their mandible selected the Lumbar lateral mode. We used the custom mode in analysis when ROI (area $30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$). Three ROIs ($30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, $50{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, $20{\times}2.5\;mm^2$) were located each at the two different sites of the mandible (angle of mandible and mental symphysis) and BMD was measured. Differences in BMD measurement was statistically compared according to the size and location of ROI. BMD was $1.320{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.152{\pm}0.340g/cm^3$ in women. BMD at the angle of mandible was $1.201{\pm}0.361g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.025{\pm}0.377g/cm^3$ in women. BMD of men at the mental symphysis was $1.434{\pm}0.341g/cm^3$ and that of women was $1.19{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$. With the ROI of $20{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, BMD was $1.262{\pm}0.384g/cm^3$ in men and was $1.113{\pm}0.357g/cm^3$ in women. With the ROI of $50{\times}2.5\;mm^2$, BMD of men was $1.320{\pm}0.358g/cm^3$ and that of women was $1.129{\pm}0.340g/cm^3$. There was a statistically significant difference of BMD according to the size and location of ROI. When measuring mandible BMD, there are good for increasing ROI and locate between ramus and mental symphysis. Especially following exam, refer to same size and location with fore exam. According to study which measure mandible BMD, It's correct to measure better a portion of mandible then whole of BMD. Using DEXA protocol is studied good for the additional study to compare the BMD at mandible. Later date, It will be good for measurement value in implant and bone graft quantitatively. Using DEXA method gain BMD threshold value in korean.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.9-27
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• 1994

This study is to analyze of senile disease status and the social problem according to increased old ages, and then to find distributions of old man's diseases and health status efficiency of oriental-occidental contemporary health examination. And it is the first oriental-occidental contemporary health examination of old man performed by JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental Medicine Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic in nation. Methods The objects in this research are 641's old man of KimJe Gun's over 60's years performed medical examination at JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental- Mmedicine-Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic by oriental-occidental medical contemporary exam., from 1994, 24th June till 1994. 13th July. The 1st occident medical examination methods were consisted of chest x-ray check. blood and urine exam., measurement of blood pressure, visual power and audiometry. The Oriental medical examination methods were consisted of four diagnostics (望,聞,問,切), present illness. chief complaint, past history, families history, social history by question and SA Sang constitution test index. The results and conclusions The results and conclusions are the next: 1. In order of distribution. the athletic disease (75.8%),the digestive disease(43.4%), the circulatory disease(41.5%), the respiratory disease(22.3%), EENT disease(8.1%), the endocrinopathy(5.6%), and the genito-urinary disease(5.3%) are the results of the object about 641's old man, by the oriental-occidental medicine's contemporay exam. 2. Distribution of disease distiction are lumbago. gastritis and peptic ulcer. knee joint pain. heart disease. hypertension. chronic bronchitis. asthma. anemia. DM. Tbc. visual disturbance. CVA. etc in order. 3. Disease distribution according to age is almost high incident in 60-75years. Disease incidence is decreased except E.E.N.T disease in over 76years. 4. The relationships of disease and family history are: the 25.0% of CVA pts. has family history and the 11.6% of hypertension pts has family history. so they showed high relative family history. In addition the 5.6% of TBC pts. and the 2.6% of DM pts. have family history. 5. The relationships of disease and drinking are: Drinking proportion is the 36.4% in respiratory disease pts. the 34.7% in hypertension pts. the 33.3% in heart disease pts.. the 28.4% in digestive disease pts.. but because of no surveying drinking amount we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and drinking. 6. The relationships of Disease and smoking are: Smoking proportion is the 44.1% in respiratory disease pts.. the 38.0% in Heart disease pts.. the 29.8% in Hypertension pts.. but because of no surveying of smoking amount. we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and smoking. 7. Distribution of Sasang constitution is : Tae-eum-in 44.8%. So-yang-in 30.7%. So-eum-in 24.6%. Tae-yang-in 0.0%. And disease distribution of Sasang constitution distinction is ; Tae-eum-in has high incidence of circulation disease(50.0%) and respiratory disease(23.1%).So-yang-in has high incidence of athletics disease(77.7%) and EENT disease(12.2%), So-eum-in has high incidence of digestive disease(65.8%). 8. Distribution of abnormal result in occidental medical examination and oriental-occidental contemporal exam result is considerably different. This is the reason of needing oriental medicine exam, for characteristics of Senile. I think that the oriental-occidental contemporary examination in old man is much more effecient than only occident medical examination. This oriental-occidental contemporary examination has many defects because it is the first practice. To participate in the public health program efficiently. I think that we must improve lots of problems and present the model of the oriental-occidental contemporary examination and the project of oriental medicine's for public health.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.623-630
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• 2020

Objective : A primary degenerative sagittal imbalance has been considered because of unique lifestyles such as the prolonged crouched posture during agricultural work and performing activities of daily living on the floor. Previous papers have reported that sagittal imbalance disease is often seen distinctly in the farming districts of "oriental" countries such as Korea and Japan. However, this finding was only evaluated with the use of X-ray, and other factors such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle volume, compression fracture, and laboratory results were not considered. Thus, using these, we evaluate the agricultural work-associated factors for Korean elderly spinal sagittal imbalance. Methods : We recruited 103 Korean participants who had a sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of >5 cm in this Korean Elderly Sagittal Imbalance Cohort Study. The following were evaluated : radiological parameters, MRI, compression fracture, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, bone mineral density and muscle fatty change, muscle volume, and health-related quality of life from patients' survey. Moreover, in this survey, the farmers' annual working hours were investigated. Subsequently, we analyzed the associated factors for spinal sagittal imbalance depending on occupation. Results : A total of 46 participants were farmers, and the others were housewives, sellers, and office workers. The farmer group had more SVA (141 vs. 99 mm, p=0.001) and pelvic tilt (31° vs. 24°, p=0.004) and lesser lumbar lordosis (20° vs. 30°, p=0.009) and thoracic kyphosis (24° vs. 33°, p=0.03) than non-farmer group. A significantly positive correlation was noted between the working hour and SVA in the farmer group (p=0.014). The visual analogue scale score for back pain (8.26 vs. 6.96, p=0.008) and Oswestry Disability Index (23.5 vs. 19.1, p=0.003) in the farmer group were higher than that in the non-farmer group, but the Short Form-36 score was not significantly different between the two groups. The Mini-Mental State Exam score was significantly lower in the farmer group than in the non-farmer group (24.85 vs. 26.98, p=0.002). Conclusion : The farmer group had more sagittal imbalance and back pain in proportion to the working hours even though the muscle and bone factors and general laboratory condition were not significantly different between the two groups. These results supported that the long hours spent in the crouched posture while performing agricultural work were a risk factor for severe sagittal imbalance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2012

To evaluate the treatment outcome of occlusal stabilizing splint in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis, the 76 subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral medicine of Pusan National University Hospital, diagnosed as TMJ osteoarthritis by cone beam computed tomography, x-ray and clinical exam, and treated with occlusal stabilizing splint from 2009 to 2011. They were treated with physical therapy and medication before occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and checked monthly after occlusal stabilizing splint delivery. Subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated to evaluate and compare the subjects' status at the first visit, splint delivery visit and the last visit. The results were as follows; 1. Pain, noise, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit, and between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and the last visit. 2. In the acute group, pain and noise were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit. Pain, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between splint delivery visit and the last visit 3. In the chronic group, pain, noise and LOM were significantly improved between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit and the last visit.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to search for the type of technical error in DEXA(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the effect of error to measurement of BMD. Materials and Methods: The changes of BMD($g/cm^2$, T-score) by patients information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) input error and Confirming ROI error were investigated. Using spine phantom, we canned 10 times by age(5, 10), weight(10, 20 kg), height(5, 10 cm), manopause age(5, 10) increase & decrease respectively. Scanning region(L-spine, femur, Forearm) of 10 patients was calculated by changing ROI respectively. Analysis of difference for mean(precision 1%) were carried out. Results: The error of patient information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) was not changed differently. In confirming ROI, the BMD and T-score of L-spine involving T-12 was decreased to $0.063\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and involving L-5 increased to $0.077\;g/cm^2$, 0.5. In narrowing 1 cm of vertical line of ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased to $0.006\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.15, each. In hip ROI, Upper and left shift(0.5 cm) of line was not influenced BMD and T-score. In 0.5 cm lower shift(lesser trochanter below), the BMD and T-score increased $0.031\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and in 1 cm $0.094\;g/cm^2$, 0.65, each. In forearm ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.042\;g/cm^2$, 0.9 involving 1 cm lower wrist. And expanding 1 cm of vertical line, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.008\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.3, each. The L-spine, hip, forearm ROI error was changed differently. Conclusion: There are so many kinds of technical error in BMD processing. Errors according to age, weight, height, manopause age did not influent to $BMD(g/cm^2)$ and T-score. There are mean differences BMD and T-score in confirming ROI. For the precision exam, in L-spine processing, L1-4 have to confirmed without shift of ROI vertical line. In hip processing, the ROI have to included greater trochanter, femur head and lesser trochanter. In forearm processing, the ROI have to included wrist, radius and ulnar.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical results of symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus found in adults over 40 years old. Materials & Methods: From March 1994 to March 2004, 53 cases treated for lateral discoid meniscus in 48 patients aged over 40 years with the mean age $48.4(40{\sim}62)$ who were followed up more than 1 year, were analyzed by physical findings, simple X-ray, MRI and arthroscopic exam. Results: Most of the cases (42 cases, 79.2%) had symptoms for less than 1 year duration. 26 cases(49.1 %) out of 53 had trauma history. Simple radiologic evaluation showed that lateral condylar abnormality such as the flattening of lateral femoral condyle, marginal osteophytes, and subchondral sclerosis was seen in 37cases(69.8%). Also medial condyle showed degenerative changes in 16 cases (30.2%). Tear of discoid meniscus in 45 cases(84.9%) were examined by arthroscope and tear was not detected in 8 cases(15.1%). Type of tear was complex(18 cases), longitudinal(12 cases), horizontal(11 cases) and transverse(4 cases). Concomitant medial meniscal rupture was found in 7 cases(13.2%). The simple procedure done was reshaping(46 cases), subtotal resection(5 cases), total resection(1 case) and meniscal repair after reshaping in 6 cases, and arthroplasty was performed after arthroscopic examination in 1 case. Conclusion: Onset of symptom in adult lateral discoid meniscus is usually traumatic in origin. Most cases showed radiologic abnormality such as degenerative change in lateral condyles as well as medial condyles and the results of preservative surgical treatment was the most preferred option in most patients.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to report the clinical characteristics and arthroscopic findings of radial tear in medial meniscus posterior horn insertion, commonly occurs in patient over middle age with documentary review. Materials and Methods: Retrograde study using hospital records was done to 40 cases in 40 patients who visited our hospital and had been performed knee arthroscopic surgery due to medial meniscus posterior horn insertion tear between January, 2005 to April, 2007. Seven cases were male and 33 cases were female with the mean age of 61 (range, 47-80). Trauma history, stage of arthritis, period between pain and operation, MRI findings, clinical symptoms and operation methods were evaluated. Results : Six cases had trauma history while 34 cases didn't. In simple x-ray, using Kellgren-Lawrence classification, 31 cases were between stage 0 and II while 9 cases were stage III. In arthroscopic exam, there were 17 cases of Outerbridge grade IV, 4 cases of grade III, 9 cases of grade II, 9 cases of grade I. The mean duration of pain was 5.3 months. In MRI, at least one finding of cleft in axial or coronal view or ghost sign in sagittal view was found in all cases. The shape of meniscus tears were blunt in 18 cases, transverse in 12 and degenerative tear in 10. Subtotal meniscectomy was performed in 16 cases, partial meniscectomy in 10 cases and meniscal repair in 14 cases. Conclusion : Medial meniscus posterior horn insertion tear occurs in patients over middle age is rarely related to trauma history but causes painful mechanical symptom and usually accompany arthritis. Meniscectomy can be done for the treatment but repair can be considered is some cases. Further study on the treatment result will be needed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2013

This study is designed to evaluate the treatment outcome of occlusal stabilizing splint and to assess follow-up study of condylar bony changes using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in adolescents patients (12-19 years) with TMJ osteoarthritis(OA). 167 eroded condyles in 149 subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral Medicine of Pasan National University Hospital, diagnosed as TMJ osteoarthritis by clinical exam, x-ray and CBCT from 2009 to 2012. They were treated conservatively with physical therapy, medication, behavioral therapy and occlusal stabilizing splint therapy. After average 9 months, CBCT was retaken and subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated. Condyle bony changes were classified by unchanged, less severe and more severe. The obtained results were as follow: 1. Pain, Noise, LOM(Limitation of motion) and MCO(Maximum comfortable opening) measurement of TMJ OA patients were markedly improved after conservative treatment. 2. In the occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, Pain and LOM were statistically significant improved than non-occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group. 3. In the acute occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, Pain and LOM were remarkably improved. 4. In comparison of CBCT1 and CBCT2 images, the transition of bone changes to lesser severe was most commonly in joint with erosive change. 5. In the non-occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, the transition of condylar bone changes from erosion to more severe was many than occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 1999

Pumping into the upper joint cavity of the TMJ was done on patients who had reducible disc displacement with pain. This article discusses the change in TMJ sounds before and after the Pumping treatment. 20subjects(mean age of $32.1{\pm}10.2yr$)were selected among those who visited the department of Oral Medicine of Yonsei University for the treatment of craniomandibular dysfunctions. Through a thorough history taking, clinical exam and X-ray taking these subjects were diagnosed as reducible disc displacement patients, and they were subdivided into two groups as acute and chronic according to the time the TMJ sound was made. Sonopak was used to measure the TMJ sound before, right after and one-week after the Pumping treatment. VAS was used to measure the degree of subjective TMJ complaints(sounds and pain) before and one-week after the Pumping treatment. Vibration related items included total integral, high integral, low integral, ratio of high integral to low integral, peak amplitude, peak frequency and median frquency. 1. It was not statistically significant between the acute and chronic groups before the treatment. However, total integral, high integral, low integral, peak amplitude, peak frequency, median frequency showed to be greater in the chronic group. 2. In all the subjects, just after the Pumping treatment was done, total integral, high and low integral, peak amplitude and peak frequency significantly decreased (p<0.05). Even after one week, low integral, peak frequency and median frequency significantly decreased (p<0,05), and the TMJ sound diminished accordingly. 3. Comparing the two groups(before and right after the Pumping treatment), there was the following difference ; in the acute group, high integral, high amplitude, high frequency and median frequency significantly decreased(p<0.05). In the chronic group, total integral, high integral, low integral, ratio, peak amplitude and peak frequency significantly decreased(p<0,05). It was not statistically significant between the acute and chronic group. 4. Comparing the two groups(right after and one week after the Pumping treatment), there was the following difference : in the acute group, high integral, high amplitude, high frequency and median frequency significantly decreased(p<0.05), In the chronic group, low integral significantly decreased(p<0.05). However, although it was not statistically significant, after one week, there was an increase in total integral, ratio, peak amplitude and peak frequency compared to right after the treatment group. 5. In the VAS of before and one week after the Pumping treatment of the TMJ pain and sound, the TMJ pain significantly decreased(p<0.05) in both the acute and chronic group. However, it was not statistically significant between the two groups. There was a statistically significant decrease(p<0.05) in the TMJ sound in the acute group after one week of Pumping treatment, but no change was notable in the chronic group and it was not statistically significant between the two groups. From the above results, we can conclude that Pumping into the upper joint cavity of patients having reducible disc displacement is effective in reducing clicking and pain. Therefore, it can be applied in diverse clinical fields.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2011

To determine the quality control of UGIS, we acquired 105 patients sampling image at 21 general screening centers. The results of image quality evaluation table containing two countries's UGIS showed that the mean of image qualified education table of our country was 73.3 and the standard error was 4.49; In addition, 19 organizations of 21 general screening centers were given appropriate judgement. The average of image qualified education table of Japan was 58 and the standard error was 4.45. Only 8 organizations were given appropriate judgement. Although we made the image quality evaluation tables with same images, there were many differences in the result of two tables. We figured out the problem about the description of whole stomach and photograph skills. Furthermore, we analysed the situation of the UGIS at each general screening center with the acquired images. The biggest problem of the UGIS of our country was that the procedures were performed without clear medical methods. Methods of UGIS were different at every 21 general screening centers, and most of them did not take exam of anterior surface of stomach of the UGIS. In addition, some general screening centers did not include mucosal relief method or esophagography which is required to include in the image qualified education table of our country. Because polisography is used in the same body position, the problem occured about indiscreet exposure dose of patients. Therefore we have to make an effort to get X-ray images which have enough diagnosis information by the quality control of UGIS.