• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2021

In the present study, we developed virtual reality education contents for radiation generator on radiation education field. The radiation generator was divided by module and even the X-ray exposure part was manufactured in detail for designing 3D models. The mechanical details of the X-ray exposure part, the function of adjusting field size of the X-ray, the function of moving the exposure part, and the demonstrating the principle of the X-ray tube were applied. For developing VR contents, the Unreal Engine was used. To evaluate the usefulness of virtual reality content, we used t-test by SPSS. The group used the simulator showed significantly higher levels of understanding of X-ray generation, X-ray irradiation unit composition, irradiation field size adjustment, irradiation unit position adjustment, and overall composition and function. We believe that this VR contents will be used well with radiation safe environment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2015

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. The suspension containing $1{\times}10^7cfu/ml$ of Xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses of X-irradiation ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. The results showed that Xcc was fully dead at 400 Gy of X-irradiation. To determine the effect of X-irradiation on quarantine, the Xcc-inoculated citrus fruits were irradiated with different X-ray doses at which Xcc was completely inhibited by an irradiation dose of 250 Gy. The $D_{10}$ value for Xcc on citrus fruits was found to be 97 Gy, indicating the possibility of direct application on citrus quarantine without any side sterilizer. Beside, presence of Xcc on the surface of asymptomatic citrus fruits obtained from citrus canker-infected orchards was noted. It indicated that the exporting citrus fruits need any treatment so that Xcc on the citrus fruits should be completely eliminated. Based on these results, ionizing radiation can be considered as an alternative method of eradicating Xcc for export of citrus fruits.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2023

We developed an emergency national manual for preservation of cultural heritage using irradiation disinfection technic under flood disaster. And we examined its practicality with a critical radiation dose on fungi that occur at water-logged event in order to prevent fungal damage that occurs during submersion. The X-ray irradiation for this experiment was conducted at the Production Technology Research Institute located in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A disinfection critical dose of 12 kGy was selected for two types of fungi known to spread rapidly and are resistant to radiation to submerged cultural properties, and this experiments were conducted by setting a target dose of 12kGy at 8.37mA at 5MeV. Under the above conditions, only continuity of irradiated samples were completely disinfected. This suggests that continuity of irradiation is important for fungal disinfection.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2000

목적 : 수용성 인삼 추출물의 현저한 세포독성에 관한 저자의 이전 실험결과를 토대로 하여 본 연구에서는 인삼과 방사선의 병용처리가 종양세포의 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 :고려인삼 50 g과 증류수 1 L를 혼합하여 $100^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 동안 열탕 환류추출한 다음 여과하였다. 이 여액을 원심분리한 후 동결건조하여 수용성 인삼 추출물 시료로 하였다. 방사선조사는 6 MeV 선형가속기를 이용하였고, 인삼의 세포내 독성은 마무스 섬유육종세포의 생존을 감소시키는 능력으로 평가하였으며, 인삼 1 mg/mL를 방사선조사 1시간 전 종양세포에 접촉시켰다. 결과 : 환류추출과 동결건조에 의해 최종적으로 얻어진 고려인삼 50 g의 수용성 추출물은 3.13 g으로서 수율은 $6.3\%$ 이었다. 인삼 추출액의 시험관내 세포독성 지표로서 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 및 1 mg/mL에서의 생존분율은 각각 $0.89\pm0.04$, $0.86\pm$, $0.73\pm0.1$, $0.09\pm0.02$로 나타났다. 방사선조사 단독의 경우 2, 4, 6 및 8 Gy에서의 생존분율은 $0.81\pm0.07$, $0.42\pm0.08$, $0.15\pm0.02$, $0.03\pm0.01$으로 나타났으며, 인삼 추출물(0.2 mg/mL)과 방사선조사의 병용시 동일조사량에서의 생존분율은 각각 $0.28\pm0.01$, $0.18\pm0.03$, $0.08\pm0.02$, $0.006\pm0.002$ 이었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 환류추출과 동결건조 과정을 통해 얻어진 고려인삼 수용성 추출물의 수율은 $6.3\%$이었다. 방사선조사시 인삼을 병용한 경우, 종양세포의 세포독성이 방사선조사 단독의 경우 보다 부가적으로 증가하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2019

Background: In the calibration and testing laboratory of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, the old X-ray generator used for the production of reference X-ray fields was replaced with a new one. For this newly installed X-ray irradiation system, beam alignment as well as the verification of beam qualities was conducted. Materials and Methods: The existing X-ray generator, Phillips MG325, was replaced with YXLON Y.TU 320-D03 in order to generate reference X-ray fields. Theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine initial filter thickness. Beam alignment was performed in three steps to deliver a homogeneous radiation dosage to the target at different distances. Finally, the half-value layers were measured for different X-ray fields to verify beam qualities by using an ion chamber. Results and Discussion: Beam alignment was performed in three steps, and collimators and other components were arranged to maintain the uniformity of the mean air kerma rate within ${\pm}2.5%$ at the effective beam diameter of 28 cm. The beam quality was verified by using half-value layer measurement methods specified by American National Standard Institute (ANSI) N13.11-2009 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-4037. For each of the nine beams than can be generated by the new X-ray irradiation system, air kerma rates for X-ray fields of different beam qualifies were measured. The results showed that each air kerma rate and homogeneity coefficient of the first and second half-value layers were within ${\pm}5%$ of the recommended values in the standard documents. Conclusion: The results showed that the new X-ray irradiation system provides beam qualities that are as high as moderate beam qualities offered by National Institute of Standards and Technology in ANSI N13.11-2009 and those for narrow-spectrum series of ISO-4037.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1995

Ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) is an indicate enzyme in carcinogenesis. We divided Sprague Dawley rats into six groups: control, electric field exposure, X-ray only irradiation, X-ray irradiation with electric field exposure group, Sr-90 injected group and Sr-90 and electric field complex exposure group. The ODC activity was measured in rat's bone marrow cell every week. The results were summarized as follows: The ODC activitied was increased in X-ray irradiated, Sr-90 injected and Sr-90 and electric field complex exposed group as compared with that of control(p<0.05). The ODC activity was increased comparing that of control neither in X-ray and electric field complex exposed group nor electric field only exposed group. This result suggests that the electric field doesn't have myeloid carcinogenicity and myeloid cancer incidence caused by ionized radiation is suppressed by electric field exposure.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

This study investigated the reduction of microbial population and sensory properties in red pepper powders irradiated by gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray. Populations of total aerobic bacteria and yeast & molds in red pepper powders were decreased by irradiation treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray at doses above 8 kGy caused 100% inhibition on growth of aerobic bacteria in red pepper powders. Inhibitory activity of X-ray on sterilization of red pepper powders was significantly equal to or higher compared to gamma ray and electron beam. Color and off flavor in red pepper powders were no significant difference among the control and samples irradiated with gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray. As a result, the gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray irradiation can be used to sterilize the microbial growth in red pepper powders without quality loss.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1972

In an attempt to observe the Possible radioprotective actions of single or combined application of reduced glutathione (GSH) and cold exposure in mammals, the albino mouse was subjected to GSH injection, cold exposure at $-1{\pm}0.2C$ and whole-body X-irradiation with 900r either singularly or in combination, or the X-irradiation following the cold exposure and/or GSH injection. The levels of intrinsic NP-SH and NP-SS of the liver, brain and heart were measured at one hour after each application, and the results were compared with the control, i.e., non-irradiated and non-cold exposed normal animal. NP-SH was measured by the Ellman's method, and NP-SS was measured by the electrolytic reduction method described by Dohan and Woodward. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The levels of NP-SH in the liver, brain and heart of the normal mouse was $6.35{\pm}0.61,\;2.65{\pm}0.15\;and\;3.17{\pm}0.10{\mu}\;mol/gm\;wet\;wt.$, respectively, and NP-SS was $3.09{\pm}0.11,\;2.95{\pm}0.20\;and\;0.18{\pm}0.24{\mu}\;mol/gm\;wet\;wt.$, respectively. 2) Though there were some degrees of difference among the tissues studied, a general tendency of (1) elevated NP-SH and NP-SS levels in the GSH injection group, (2) similar or slightly elevated NP-SH and NP-SS levels in the cold-exposed group, and (3) markedly decreased levels of NP-SH and NP-SS in the X-irradiated group, was observed. When GSH was injected prior to the X-irradiation, NP-SH and NP-SS in all the tissues studied showed generally higher values than in the group where the X-irradiation was given alone, and the values were close to the normal. In the group where the cold exposure was applied immediately after the X-irradiation, no significant difference was observed in the NP-SH and NP-S5 levels comparing with the X-irradiation group. On the contrary, when GSH was injected immediately prior to the X-irradiation or cold exposure, NP-SH and NP-SS levels were either similar to, or higher than, the normal value.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Purpose: Pineapple is now the third most important tropical fruit in world production after banana and citrus. Phytosanitary irradiation is recognized as a promising alternative treatment to chemical fumigation. However, most of the phytosanitary irradiation studies have dealt with physiochemical properties and its efficacy. Accurate dose calculation is crucial for ensuring proper process control in phytosanitary irradiation. The objective of this study was to optimize phytosanitary irradiation treatment of pineapple in various radiation sources using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: 3-D geometry and component densities of the pineapple, extracted from CT scan data, were entered into a radiation transport Monte Carlo code (MCNP5) to obtain simulated dose distribution. Radiation energy used for simulation were 2 MeV (low-energy) and 10 MeV (high-energy) for electron beams, 1.25 MeV for gamma-rays, and 5 MeV for X-rays. Results: For low-energy electron beam simulation, electrons penetrated up to 0.75 cm from the pineapple skin, which is good for controlling insect eggs laid just below the fruit surface. For high-energy electron beam simulation, electrons penetrated up to 4.5 cm and the irradiation area occupied 60.2% of the whole area at single-side irradiation and 90.6% at double-side irradiation. For a single-side only gamma- and X-ray source simulation, the entire pineapple was irradiated and dose uniformity ratios (Dmax/Dmin) were 2.23 and 2.19, respectively. Even though both sources had all greater penetrating capability, the X-ray treatment is safer and the gamma-ray treatment is more widely used due to their availability. Conclusions: These results are invaluable for optimizing phytosanitary irradiation treatment planning of pineapple.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1990

온열요법이 X-선조사에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 저자는 100 watt, 2450 MHz의 마이크로파 온열기구를 제작하여 백서 60마리를 대상으로 고환에 온열요법 ($43^{\circ}C$, 15분), X-선 조사($2\;Gy\~8\;Gy$ 단독 혹은 병행하여 조직학적 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2450 MHz 마이크로파 온열요법 단독 시행하여 조직학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. X-선 조사후 초기변화는 정조세포의 변성을 2 Gy에서 나타나기 시작하였으며 괴사는 6 Gy 후 심하게 보였고 8 Gy 후 완전소실되었다. 3. X-선 조사와 온열요법 병행하여 2 Gy후 정조세포의 괴사와 소실이 나타나기 시작하였으며 6 Gy 후 완전소실되어 열증강율은 1.3 이었다. 4. X-선조사, 온열요법 단독 및 병행후 추적기간 15일군과 30일군의 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다.