• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2011

가을재배 배추에서 담배거세미나방 접종시기와 접종밀도에 따라 배추 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 수량감소율에 따른 요방제 수준을 설정하였다. 포장조건에서 담배거세미나방 접종밀도가 다르게 접종하고 3주 동안 배추의 피해엽율을 조사하여 접종밀도와 수량감소율과의 관계식을 산출한 결과, 정식초기(정식 5일 후)는 Y=-21.85X+1300 ($R^2=0.997$)였고, 정식중기(정식 20일 후)는 Y=-12.1X+1382 ($R^2=0.998$)였다. 담배거세미나방 유충밀도와 수량과의 관계식으로 배추 수량 5%를 경감시키는 담배거세미나방 밀도는 정식초기는 2.9마리/100주, 정식중기는 5.6마리/100주 였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.845-857
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and bee venom (BV) have been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines in vitro and to show antitumor activity against a variety of tumors in animal models. However, the comparative effect of VCA and BV on the anti-cancer effect and mechanisms of action has not been determined. In this study, the effect in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep G2 cells, was examined. Methods : Cytotoxic effects of VCA and BV on Hep G2 cells were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in litro. The apoptotic cell death was then confirmed by propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. The mechanisms of action were examined by the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. The involvement of kinase was examined in VCA or BV-induced apoptosis by using kinase inhibitors. Results : VCA and BV killed Hep G2 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Treatment of Hep G2 cells with VCA activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) known as a marker of apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways including MAPK/ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK. BV also activated PARP-1, MAPK/ERK. and p38 MAPK but not JNK. The expression level of anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-X, was decreased by VCA treatment but not by BV. Finally, the phosphorylation level of ERM proteins involved in the cytoskeleton homeostasis was decreased by both stimuli. VCA-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by in the presence of JNK and p38 inhibitor, but BV only by p38 inhibitor. Conclusions : VCA-induced apoptosis is dependent on the activation of p38 and JNK. while BV-induced apoptosis is mediated by p38 activation in Hep G2 cells.

• 치과방사선
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1974

This report based on 300 cases of serious diseases in maxillofacial region by radiograms seen at the department of dental radiodontics, infirmary school of dentistry, Kyung Hee University from October 1971 to August 1974. The maxillofacial diseases were analysed upon the following items, such as 1) the frequency of dominant diseases, 2) sex-ratio of male to female, 3) predominant region of diseases, 4) comparison with the age, 5) the incidence of diseases in relative to the individual teeth. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Among the total of 300 cases of the patients, the frequency of dominant diseases of patients were fractures of facial bone (44.3±2.87%), inflammatory diseases (22.7±2.39%), cysts (11.1±1.62%), tumors (10.7±1.77%), maxillary sinusitis (7.9±1.56%), temporomandibular joint disorders(3.3±1.05%) in the order. 2) The ex-ratio of male to female in occurence of jaw fractures were 7.3:1, temporomandibular joint disorders were 2.1:1, inflammatory diseases were 1.8:1, maxillary sinusitis were 1.7:1, but tumors were equal to 1:1, while cysts were 1:1.2 in sex difference. 3) The predominant region of mandibular fractures were symphysis(17.3±3.27%), canine region (15.0±3.09%), and angle region (14.3:±3.04%) in the order. Inflammatory diseases were occured frequently in mandible and it's left side were a little dominant. Odontogenic cysts were observed frequently in maxilla, but regardless of right and left. Carcinomas were involved most frequently in maxilla, while sarcomas and ameloblastomas in mandible. Frequency of the maxillary sinusitis were dominant right side and molar area, also temporomandibular joint disorders were right side. 4) To study comparison with the age jaw fractures showed the highest ratio at the 2nd decade(32.3±4.06%), and 3rd decade (27.8±3.89%), 4th decade (19.6±3.44%), 6th decade (9.0±2.47%), 5th decade(6.0±2.06%), 1st decade (5.3±1.95%) in the order. But 7th decade were not involved entirely. Frequency of the inflammatory diseases were the highest in the age group of 3rd decade (28.0±5.44%), and those of cysts were 5th decade (24.2±7.22%), temporomandibular joint disorders were 3rd decade (60.0±15.49%). Tumors were occured frequently over the 4th decade especially malignint tumors over the 5th decade, but maxillary sinusitis were rearless of age except for 2nd decade. 5) About the incidence of diseases in relative to individual teeth, fractures of facial bone were most frequently involved the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, and mandibular 3rd molar region. Cysts were maxillary anterior region inflammatory diseases were mandibular molar region maxillary sinusitis were maxillary 1st molar, region but tumors were regardless of individual teeth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Purpose: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are readily harvested from lipoaspirated tissue or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous set of cell populations that surround and support adipose tissue, which includes the stromal cells, ASCs, that have the ability to differentiate into cells of several lineages and contains cells from the microvasculature. The mechanisms that drive the ASCs into the osteoblast lineage are still not clear, but the process has been more extensively studied in bone marrow stromal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic capacity of adipose derived SVF cells and evaluate bone formation following implantation of SVF cells into the bone defect of human phalanx. Methods: Case 1 a 43-year-old male was wounded while using a press machine. After first operation, segmental bone defects of the left 3rd and 4th middle phalanx occurred. At first we injected the SVF cells combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to defected 4th middle phalangeal bone lesion. We used P (L/DL)LA [Poly (70L-lactide-co-30DL-lactide) Co Polymer P (L/DL)LA] as a scaffold. Next, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to repair left 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect in sequence. Case 2 was a 25-year-old man with crushing hand injury. Three months after the previous surgery, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to restore right 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect by syringe injection. Radiographic images were taken at follow-up hospital visits and evaluated radiographically by means of computerized analysis of digital images. Results: The phalangeal bone defect was treated with autologous SVF cells isolated and applied in a single operative procedure in combination with DBM. The SVF cells were supported in place with mechanical fixation with a resorbable macroporous sheets acting as a soft tissue barrier. The radiographic appearance of the defect revealed a restoration to average bone density and stable position of pharyngeal bone. Densitometric evaluations for digital X-ray revealed improved bone densities in two cases with pharyngeal bone defects, that is, 65.2% for 4th finger of the case 1, 60.5% for 3rd finger of the case 1 and 60.1% for the case 2. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that adipose derived stromal vascular fraction cells have osteogenic potential in two clinical case studies. Thus, these reports show that cells from the SVF cells have potential in many areas of clinical cell therapy and regenerative medicine, albeit a lot of work is yet to be done.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1982

1. 소맥의 1소수당 립수는 수축의 기부로부터 제6~8단에 착생된 소수에서 가장 많이 임실되었으며, 수축의 양단에 가까워짐에 따라 감소하였다. 2. 소맥 농림6001의 수축 최하부의 소수에 임실된 립중은 25~27mg, 최상부는 26~28mg으로 가볍고, 수축의 기부로부터 제5,7,9단의 소수에 착생된 제2소화의 립중은 45~46mg, 제 1,3번째 소화의 립중은 36~43mg, 제4소화는 26~29mg으로, 제2소화에 착생된 립이 가장 무겁고 다음은 제1소화 > 제3소화 > 제4소화의 순으로 가벼웠다. 3. 파종밀도가 200립/$m^2$인 표준구에서는, 수축의 제5. 7. 9단에 착생된 소수의 각 소화별 평균 임실율은 제1소화가 97%, 제2소화 93%, 제3소화 88%, 제4소화는 15%로 제4소화의 임실율은 매우 나았으나, 이에 비하여 100립/$m^2$ 파종인 소식구에서는 표준구에 비하여, 임실율이 낮은 제1소수 및 제4소화의 임실율이 상대적으로 매우 높았으며 립중도 무거웠다. 4. 유수내의 소수 및 소화는 착생위치에 따라 분화 정도가 크게 달랐으며 분화소수 및 소화의 약 반수가 불임 또는 퇴화하였다. 5. 대맥에 있어서 출수 25일전에 X기에 달한 소수는 임실되었으나 Ⅸ후기의 소수는 불임으로, IX중기 이전의 수수는 퇴화하였다. 6. 출수 15-20일전에 분화정도가 X기 이상된 소맥의 소화는 임실되었으나 Ⅸ기 이전의 소화는 영양적인 생장은 보였으나 화기의 분화는 정지한채 불임 또는 퇴화하였다. 7. 이상의 결과로부터, 수의 양단, 소수내 선단소화의 립중 및 임성을 높이며, 분화된 소수 및 소화의 불임, 퇴화를 감소시킴으로서 1수립중의 개량여지는 많은 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 1997

실험동물에서의 폐이식수술에서 비침습성 흉부전산화 단층 촬영을 이용하여 이식폐의 기능평가지표의 가치를 분석해 보고자 한국산 잡종견을 이용하여 좌측일측폐이식술후 7일 이상 생존시킨 성견을 대상으로 급성거부반응 및 허혈-재관류손상, 감염 등의 소견을 병리조직소견과 함께 관찰하였다. 실험견은 총 22마리에서 11마리씩 공급견과 수용견으로 나누어 시행하였다. 공급견의 심폐블록보존은 Modified Euro-Collins (MEC) 용액과 low potassium dextran glucose(UDG)용액을 이용하여 $10^{\circ}C에서$ 20시간 (1례에서 4시간 보존) 이상 냉장보관하였다 폐이식술후, 흉부 X-선과 연속적인 컴퓨터단층촬영을 수술 직후와 술후 3일 및 7일째 각각 시행하였다. 11례의 이식견 중 2례에서 급성거부반응을 보였고 전산화단층촬영상 폐침윤정도가 수술 직후 중등도였다가 수술 3일째 확장성으로 변하였다. 결론적으로 일측 폐이식성견의 실험적인 모델에서 이식폐장의 기능평가지표로서 컴퓨터단층촬영을 이용 하며 다른 평가지표와 유사한 소견을 얻었고 폐의 감염과 거부 반응의 구별은 단층촬영의 음영의 비교만으 로 감별이 용이하지 않았으며 다른 평가지표 및 폐생검\ulcorner 확인으로 조기거부반응의 진단 가능성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2008

We studied the molecular shapes and structural characteristics of a 33-armed, star polystyrene (PS-33A) and two $3^{rd}$-generation, dendrimer-like, star-branched poly(methyl methacrylate)s with different architectures (pMMA-G3a and PMMA-3Gb) and 32 end-branches under good solvent and theta ($\Theta$) solvent conditions by using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The SAXS analyses were used to determine the structural details of the star PS and dendrimer-like, star-branched PMMA polymers. PS-33A had a fuzzy-spherical shape, whereas PMMA-G3a and PMMA-G3b had fuzzy-ellipsoidal shapes of similar size, despite their different chemical architectures. The star PS polymer's arms were more extended than those of linear polystyrene. Furthermore, the branches of the dendrimer-like, star-branched polymers were more extended than those of the star PS polymer, despite having almost the same number of branches as PS-33A. The differences between the internal chain structures of these materials was attributed to their different chemical architectures.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.965-972
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 석탄계 활성탄 신탄과 재생탄들을 이용하여 재생 횟수의 증가가 이들의 세공 구조 변화 및 수중의 유기성 오염물질들의 흡착 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴본 결과, 신탄과 비교하여 1~3차 재생탄들에서 재생회수의 증가에 의해 $15\;{\AA}$ 이하의 미세세공은 감소한 반면 $20{\sim}100\;{\AA}$ 정도의 중간세공은 증가하였다. 재생횟수의 증가할수록 비표면적과 세공용적의 감소가 나타났으며, 세공용적의 감소폭은 신탄에 비해 크지 않았다. 신탄과 1~3차 재생탄들에서의 $CHCl_3$와 DOC에 대한 최대 흡착능(X/M)은 신탄의 경우 $964.6\;{\mu}g/g$ 및 19.5 mg/g인데 반해, 1~3차 재생탄들에는 $255.6{\sim}399.5\;{\mu}g/g$과 18.0~18.7 mg/g이였으며, 1차~3차 재생탄들의 THM 구성종들에 대한 흡착능은 신탄 보다 2~3배 정도 감소하였으나, DOC에 대한 흡착능은 신탄과 거의 동일하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.789-794
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 7.9 GHz~8.4 GHz 에서 동작하는 위성통신용 X-밴드 TWT의 AM-AM과 AM-PM 변환특성을 분석하고 선형화기를 이용하여 선형성과 IMD 특성을 개선하였다. 선형화기를 포함하는 TWT는 개선된 AM-AM과 AM-PM 변환특성을 나타내며, 1 dB 압축점은 12.3 dB, $2.0^{\circ}/dB$ 위상왜곡점은 10 dB 개선되었다. 또한 동작출력에서 3차 상호변조 특성인 IMD3는 16.2 dB 개선되어 37.0 dBc로 측정되었다. 또한, 고출력 증폭기의 IMD 측정 방안을 제시하고, TWT의 AM-PM 왜곡 특성을 보상하여 출력전력과 선형 특성을 개선할 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.991-996
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• 2015

Side population (SP) cells have stem cell-like properties with a capacity for self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore the presence of SP cells in human breast cancer probably has prognostic value. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of SP cells and identify the relationship between the SP cells levels and clinico-pathological parameters of the breast tumor and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 eligible breast cancer patients were consecutively recruited from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 at Yunnan Tumor Hospital. All eligible subjects received conventional treatment and were followed up for seven years. Predictors of recurrence and/or metastasis and DFS were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Human breast cancer cells were also obtained from fresh human breast cancer tissue and cultured by the nucleic acid dye Hoechst33342 with Verapami. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to isolate the cells of SP and non-SP types. Results: In this study, SP cells were identified using flow cytometric analysis with Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. Adjusted for age, tumor size, lymph nodal status, histological grade, the Cox model showed a higher risk of recurrence and/or metastasis positively associated with the SP cell level (1.75, 1.02-2.98), as well as with axillary lymph node metastasis (2.99, 1.76-5.09), pathology invasiveness type (1.7, 1.14-2.55), and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) (1.54, 1.01-2.36). Conclusions: The SP cell level is independently associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome after controlling for other pathological factors. The axillary lymph node status, TVDT and the status of non-invasive or invasive tumor independently predict the prognosis of breast cancer.