• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.201-218
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of attachment technique on mechanical properties and microstructures of wrought wires. The wires tested in this study were precious metal wires: PGP (Platinum-Gold -Palladium), Elastic #12, Denture Clasp, Standard, Jelenko No. 2, Degulor-Klammerdraht, DM (Dong Myung) and base metal wire : Ticonium. Each wire was divided into three groups, and each group was heat treated as embedding, cast to, and soldering state. Heat treated sample was evaluated by tensile test, bending test, microhardness test, element analysis and microstructure test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In tensile test, cast to and soldering procedures have an effect on wrought wire clasp as hardening heat treatment. 2. Maximum bending strength was significantly increased in Elastic #12, Denture Clasp, Standard, and DM in cast to procedure. 3. Ticonium showed the highest Victors hardness number, followed by PGP, and there was no significant difference in other wrought wires. In cast to and soldering procedure, Victors hardness number was significantly increased in precious wrought wires. 4. The precious wrought wire showed typical fibrous structure and this was disappeared in cast to and soldering procedure. But physical properties were not influenced by this phenomenon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

Magnesium alloys usage has been increased every year owing to its lightness, damping capacity, and EMI shielding, etc. In case of magnesium, it is mainly produced by diecasting due to high fluidity of melts. But, casting defect occurs many times because of low heat capacity of the magnesium. Therefore, wrought products can be applied for defect-free and mechanical properties. but it is insufficient in market share because of crystalline structure. The domestic market of wrought magnesium products are not revitalized compare to advanced countries. Accordingly we are going to forecast a domestic market of wrought products through searching the present of korean magnesium industry.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

The study for thixoextrusion process of 7075, 7003 Al wrought alloys and AZ31 Mg wrought alloy was carried out with respect to reheating rate, isothermal holding temperature and time with an emphasis to the effect of homogenization on thixotropic micro-structures during the partial remelting, especially in the low liquid fraction ($f_L<0.2$). The liquid fraction and average grain size with respect to reheating profile such as reheating rate, isothermal holding temperature and time were almost uniform. It is considered very useful for thixoextrusion in terms of process control such as billet temperature control and actual extrusion time. Micro-structural controls of 7075, 7003 Al wrought alloys and AZ31 Mg wrought alloy before and after homogenization were available and thixotropic microstructures were obtained in both specimens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to improve extrudability limit, eliminate welding line and obtain optimum thixoextrusion conditions for manufacturing tubes of 7075 Al wrought alloy. By thixoextrusion, it was possible to improve deformability, control isotropy with extrusion direction, eliminate welding line (seamless) and save cost due to low energy consumption compared with conventional extrusion processes. The welded part was not observed at the welding line area. The grains of thixoextruded tube were homogeneously distributed and equiaxed grains were observed. Therefore, thixoextrusion is the most effective variable for the control of the magnitude of the welding line.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Titanium is well known as a proper metal for the dental restorations, because it has an excellent biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and mechanical property. However, adhesion between titanium and dental porcelains is related to the diffusion of oxygen to the reaction layers formed on cast-titanium surfaces during porcelain firing and those oxidized layers make the adhesion difficult to be formed. Many studies using mechanical, chemical and physical methods to enhance the titanium-ceramic adhesion have been actively performed. Purpose: This study meant to comparatively analyse the adhesion characteristics depending on different titanium surface coatings after coating the casts and wrought titanium surfaces with Au and TiN. Material and method: In this study, the titanium specimens (CP-Ti, Grade 2, Kobe still Co. Japan) were categorized into cast and wrought titanium. The wrought titanium was cast by using the MgO-based investment(Selevest CB, Selec). The cast and wrought titanium were treated with Au coating($ParaOne^{(R)}$., Gold Ion Sputter, Model PS-1200) and TiN coating(ATEC system, Korea) and the ultra low fusing dental porcelain was fused and fired onto the samples. Biaxial flection test was done on the fired samples and the porcelain was separated. The adhesion characteristics of porcelain and titanium after firing and the specimen surfaces before and after the porcelain fracture test were observed with SEM. The atomic percent of Si on all sample surfaces was comparatively analysed by EDS. In addition, the constituents of specimen surface layers after the porcelain fracture and the formed compound were evaluated by X-ray diffraction diagnosis. Result: The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. The surface characteristics of cast and wrought titanium after surface treatment(Au, TiN, $Al_2O_3$ sandblasting) were similar and each cast and wrought titanium showed similar bonding characteristics. 2. Before and after the biaxial flection test, the highest atomic weight change of Si component was found in $Al_2O_3$ sandblasted wrought titanium(28.6at.% $\rightarrow$ 8.3at.%). On the other hand, the least change was seen in Au-Pd-In alloy(24.5at.% $\rightarrow$ 9.1at.%). 3. Much amount of Si components was uniformly distributed in Au and TiN coated titanium, but less amount of Si's was unevenly dispersed on Al2O3 sandblasting surfaces. 4. In X-ray diffraction diagnosis after porcelain debonding, we could see $Au_2Ti$ compound and TiN coating layers on Au and TiN coated surfaces and $TiO_2$, typical oxide of titanium, on all titanium surfaces. 5. Debonding of porcelain on cast and wrought titanium surface after the biaxial flection is considered as a result of adhesion deterioration between coating layers and titanium surfaces. We found that there are both adhesive failure and cohesive failure at the same time. Conclusion: These results showed that the titanium-ceramic adhesion could be improved by coating cast and wrought titanium surfaces with Au and TiN when making porcelain fused to metal crowns. In order to use porcelain fused to titanium clinically, it is considered that coating technique to enhance the bonding strength between coating kKlayers and titanium surfaces should be developed first.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2006

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.669-682
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive force of cast half round circumferential clasps, cast round circumferential clasps and wrought wire clasps on three different depths of undercut(10G,20G.30G), and to determine the proper amount of undercut for cast round circumferential clasp. Three different lower second premolar crowns were cast and each of clasp was made. Each of clasp affixed to the different types of clasp. Their retentive forces were measured with universal testing machine. The results were as follows : 1. When the depth of undercut was same, the greatest retentive force was exerted by cast half round circumferential clasp, followed by cast round - 33 - circumferential clasp and wrought wire clasp. 2. The degree of variation amount of retentive force according to depth of undercut was greatest for cast round circumferential clasp. 3. Not only elastic deformation but also permanent deformation of the retentive arm was observed after insertion and removal of the clasp. The results of this study show that the retentive force of cast round circumferential clasp falls between those of cast half round circumferential clasp and wrought wire clasp, and suggest that a 20G undercut is suitable for ensuring an appropriate degree of the retentive force.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2004

Influence of Ca addition on microstructure and room temperature mechanical properties has been studied for AZ31(Mg-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn)-(0~0.5)%Ca wrought alloys, based on experimental results from metallography, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical tests. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the alloys increased remarkably with increasing Ca content, whereas elongation was deteriorated continuously. Microstructural examination revealed that Ca addition efficiently refined grains of ${\alpha}$(Mg) phase and that some of the Ca dissolved in ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ precipitates. The former and the latter facts are thought to be responsible for improved strength and loss of ductility of the AZ31+Ca wrought alloys, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to characterize a thixoextruded 7075 Al wrought alloy bar in terms of its isotropic behavior through the optical microscope, mechanical test and electron back scattered diffraction. It is also discussed of the extrudability improvement for 7075 Al wrought alloy by thixoextrusion, with emphasis on controlling thixoextrusion parameters. Hot extrusion shows that the maximum extrusion pressure depends on their characteristics in terms of flow stress and hot workability. In the contrary, thixoextrusion demonstrates that the maximum extrusion pressure is almost uniform regardless of the experimental parameters, such as initial ram speed, die bearing length and thixoextrusion temperature. The hot extruded microstructures become elongated to extrusion direction, while the thixoextruded microstructures are isotropic and homogeneously distributed due to the existence of liquid phase between solid grains during the process. The grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization during thixoextrusion has been also occurred. Subsequent recrystallization would lead to the strengthening of mechanical properties, as observed in the study. The important point is that the values of tensile, yield strength and elongation of the thixoextruded bar without plastic deformation are similar to those of the hot extruded bar with severe plastic deformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.799-800
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• 2006

Wrought Si-steels are generally used for electromagnetic valves, which are needed good response. To date, Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. have produced Fe-Si base sintered magnetic material, EU-52, which shows a magnetic flux density of more than 1.25T at 2000A/m and a maximum permeability of more than 3500. However these magnetic properties are lower than that of wrought Si-steels. Because EU-52 has a low density of $7.2Mg/m^3$. For improving the magnetic properties, it is necessary to increase the density of sintered cores. To increase density, a new mixing method of coating fine Si powders on atomized iron powders was developed, for avoiding the Kirkendall effect. As the result, developed P/M Fe-Si magnetic cores shows higher density of $7.38Mg/m^3$, higher magnetic flux density of 1.48T at 2000A/m and higher maximum permeability of 6800.